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A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles via the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of nitriles with sodium azide was developed. The reaction occurred in DMF at 120°C in the presence of a reusable and an environmentally friendly ZnFe2O4@SiO2–SO3H heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst prepared in the present work. The new catalytic system was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results showed that the ZnFe2O3@SiO2–SO3H nanoparticles are highly efficient for this organic reaction. The methodology offers such benefits as quick reaction, high yields of the desired product, clean process, as well as the low-cost heterogeneous catalyst and its low loading, simple separation, and recyclability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of heterojunction nanocomposites has been proven as a highly efficient strategy to achieve promising photocatalysts. In this study, tin oxide (SnO2) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in situ using Rosmarinus officinalis and simultaneously anchored on zeolite for the fabrication of zeolite/SnO2/CuO as a novel heterojunction photocatalyst. The performance of zeolite/SnO2/CuO was assessed against photodegradation of cefixime as a model pharmaceutical contaminant. A good catalytic potential and synergistic effect was obtained for zeolite/SnO2/CuO compared to pure SnO2 and CuO NPs. Under optimum conditions, 89.65% of cefixime was degraded after 2.5 h under natural sunlight. Based on radical quenching experiments, the importance of involved oxidizing species in the photodegradation of cefixime using zeolite/SnO2/CuO was in order of h+>•OH > O 2 ∙ - . Among studied anions, the highest inhibitory effect was observed for nitrate ion. Also, the main intermediates of the photodegradation process of cefixime in zeolite/SnO2/CuO system were determined by HPLC-MS and the possible pathways were suggested. More than 83% cefixime was removed after three catalyst reuse cycles, indicating a cost-effectiveness potential in the reusability of zeolite/SnO2/CuO. Also, the toxicity and plant growth tests revealed the feasibility of discharging the treated cefixime solutions to irrigate agricultural crops. Overall, the obtained results provide a promising technique with a synergistic feature for the efficient removal of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an N4-donor Schiff base ligand, N,N'-(propane-1,2-diyl)bis(1-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine) (PPPM) and its Mn(II) complex, [Mn(PPPM)(OAc)2]·3H2O (1), were prepared and identified by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy as well single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray structure analysis of 1 revealed a distorted square-face bicapped trigonal prism geometry around manganese atom with MnN4O4 environment containing an N4-donor PPPM and two O2-donor acetato ligands. The ligand has a chiral center on carbon atom which leads to the formation of a racemic mixture of complex 1. In the crystal structure of complex, intermolecular hydrogen bonds form R44(8) hydrogen bond motifs. The ability of two optical isomers of PPPM ligand and manganese complex to interact with 10 selected biomacromolecules (BRAF kinase, CatB, DNA gyrase, HDAC7, rHA, RNR, TrxR, TS, Top II, B-DNA) was investigated by docking studies. These studies revealed that PPPMR,S and 1R,S isomers can bind to these molecules better than doxorubicin (except B-DNA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Columbus State University's (CSU) first-time full-time freshman six-year graduation rate has improved from 32.4%for cohort 2011 to 39.5%for cohort 2013. However, the one-year freshman retention rate has declined from 74%for cohort 2016 to 72%for cohort 2018. Many students are unable to progress to graduation because they end up on academic probation, academic exclusion or unsatisfactory academic progress status for receiving any financial aid. CSU will explain strategies used to improve academic success for these under prepared students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report the preparation of Al2O3/V2O5 nanocomposit using vanadium and aluminum nitrate by sol-gel method. Characterization of nanocomposit was carried out by powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and UV spectroscopy. Then, applicability of the synthesized nanocomposit was tested as a nanocatalyst for the synthesis of diindolyl oxindole derivatives, an important class of potentially bioactive compounds. The products were obtained in good to high yields from one-pot three-component condensation of isatin with indole. Also, this nanocatalyst has been reused several times, without observable loss of activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: High level of semen reactive oxygen species is considered as an important factor in male infertility. Sesame has antioxidant properties, which could be effective on improvement of semen parameters. This study was designed to determine the effects of sesame on sperm quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five infertile men entered this clinical trial. They were treated with a 3-months course of taking 0.5 mg/kg sesame. The pre intervention sperm analysis (sperm count, motile sperm percentage and normal morphology sperm percentage) was compared with post treatment sperm analysis. Based on the post intervention seamen analysis, patients were advised to undergo either IVF or ICSI to assess their fertility status. RESULTS: There was significant improvement in the sperm count (10.56 ± 5.25 vs. 22.71 ± 30.14 million per ml) and motility (15.32 ± 13.58 vs. 23.32 ± 20.61 percent) after treatment with sesame (P value: 0.04 and <0.0001 respectively), but there was no significant improvement in sperm morphology after the treatment (10.72 ± 6.66 vs. 13.20 ± 11.14 percent, P value: 0.10). Three patients (12%) underwent IUI, which resulted in 1 successful pregnancy. Two patients (8%) underwent ICSI, which was not successful; however 2 (8%) patients had spontaneous pregnancy. Fortunately, all pregnancies led to live birth. Except 1 case of diarrhea, no other major side effect was reported. CONCLUSION: Sesame improved sperm count and motility, and can be prescribed as an effective and safe method for male factor infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc dichromate trihydrate (ZnCr 2 O 7 ·3H 2 O) is an efficient reagent for the immediate deprotection of aromatic and aliphatic silyl and pyranyl ethers into their corresponding carbonyl compounds in high yields at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid silica chloride/KMnO 4 system oxidizes effectively aromatic and aliphatic cyclic thioacetals (1,3-dithiolanes, 1,3-dithianes) and silyl and pyranyl ethers into their corresponding carbonyl compounds in dry CH 3 CN at room temperature in high yields. Over-oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids has not been observed by this system. In the absence of silica chloride, KMnO 4 in dry CH 3 CN is an ineffective reagent for these oxidations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Somatic embryogenesis techniques are used for cloning a wide range of varieties of date palms around the world. The aim of the present study was to develop an efficient method with the lowest cost and the greatest potential to obtain in vitro plantlets of date palm cv. Medjool. Also, produce embryogenic callus and somatic embryos without using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)., Methodology: In this study, produced plantlets through somatic embryogenesis were used in vitro roots as explant cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing three level of Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) (0, 3 and 6 mg L-1) plus two level of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0 and 2 mg L-1) plus 0.1 mg L-1 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) for callus induction. After 12 weeks of culture, callus induction and after 16 weeks, production of embryogenic callus and embryos were occurred from root explants., Results: According to the results, medium containing 2 mg L-1 BAP and 3 mg L-1 silver nitrate+0.1 mg L-1 NAA showed the highest amount of embryogenic callus fresh weight (1.38 g). This treatment also cause the highest number and length of embryos by production of 90.04 embryogenic callus with length of 11.18 mm. On the other hand, shoots were appeared from germinated embryos and white roots began to appear within 8 weeks. Medium contains 3 mg L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA with average of 12.27 cm shoot length and 15.48 cm root length was the best. Control treatment had the lowest average shoot (3.71 cm) and root (5.03 cm) length., Conclusion: This study showed that certain concentration of silver nitrate and BAP has stimulating effect on growth of produced embryonic callus from root segments of Medjool cultivar of date palm.