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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a neuroinflammatory disease mediated by autoantibodies against the NMDAR, typically presenting with psychiatric symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and motor dysfunction. These neuropsychiatric symptoms may be mimicked by drug abuse, and the development of anti-NMDAR encephalitis may be triggered by certain substance use. Here we report a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms after illicit substance use, the first report in Korea.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is known for its ambiguous and various clinical presentations. Among these presentations, congestive myelopathy is one of the most common, yet it is challenging to correctly diagnose SDAVF at initial presentation. Several diseases present as myelopathy, including demyelinating diseases. Herein, we present two cases of congestive myelopathy due to SDAVF presenting to the emergency room (ER) with progressive quadriparesis. Even though the patients had a proper magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination from the initial presentation, there was a delay in making a final diagnosis. Both patients’ clinical presentation and MRI mimicked central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease initially, and a more thorough examination revealed SDAVF. Such a delay in diagnosis can result in more neurological deterioration and may result in more sequelae. Hence, SDAVF should always be considered as a differential diagnosis when examining patients with myelopathy.

The clinical manifestations of cerebral lupus vasculitis have a wide spectrum of severity which can result in different prognoses. Therefore, its diagnosis and treatment remain challenging without specific guidelines. A 49-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with transient left side paresthesia and dysarthria lasting 20 minutes. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a multifocal diffusion restriction and sulcal hyperintensities in the right middle cerebral artery region. Brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed multifocal steno-occlusive lesions at her intracranial arteries. Because she only showed transient symptoms, aspirin (100 mg/day), atorvastatin (20 mg/day) and an increased dose of prednisolone (5 mg/day to 10 mg/day) were started, on the suspicion of cerebral lupus vasculitis. Brain MRIs/MRAs renormalized after four months without any recurrence. Cerebral lupus vasculitis manifests diverse clinical and neuroimaging characteristics. Although brain image demonstrates devastating features, tailored immune therapy should be selected based on the severity of the patient’s symptoms.

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are commonly used antimalarial agents as the treatment for a wide range of autoimmune disorders including dermatological, rheumatoid, and connective tissue diseases. These amphiphilic drugs can cause toxic myopathy in in patients which are commonly characterized as reversible proximal muscle weakness, dysphagia and dyspnea. Herein, we report a case of a patient on HCQ, who suffered from toxic myopathy presenting as proximal muscle weakness and dysarthria, which was fully recovered after the cessation.

Introduction Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and electro double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are regarded as electrical energy storage systems (ESS). LIBs are high energy density, but EDLCs have low energy density general information. The lithium ion capacitor (LIC) has advantages of LIBs and EDLCs. LIC has high energy density, high power density and high safety than LIBs. LIC comprises of a cathode electrode; active carbon, anode; graphitized carbon. It is similar to LIB and EDLC. Porous anodic oxide films of aluminum (anodic porous alumina) have been widely investigated as nano templates and resist-films with good insulating properties for various micro and nano technology applications, such as magnetic recording media, electronic devices, biosensors, photonic crystals, micro lens arrays, plasmonic devices, three-dimensional microstructures and other basic nano-devices. When aluminum is anodized in appropriate acidic electrolytes, porous alumina develops, which exhibits a uniform array of hexagonal cells, each containing a uniform cylindrical nano-pore at the center. In this study, we prepared carbon nano fibers (CNFs) by anodizing method on anodized alumina oxide (AAO) templates that were anodized in oxalic acid at 40V or phosphoric acid at 195V. These two types anodizing conditions determine the pore size of AAO and diameter of CNF. Mixture of anodic porous templates and PAA was carbonized in nitrogen at 600°C. The CNFs were heated up to 1400°C to increase the crystalline. Experimental We have discussed the effect of diameter change of CNFs on the electrochemical properties as an anode material in LICs. CNFs were prepared by carbonization using precursors with the polymer. Surface morphology of AAO templates and prepared CNFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The physical properties were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen gas adsorption measurements. The electrode was prepared by slurry type. Electrochemical properties were evaluated that cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS) and charge-discharge test. Result & Discussion Figure 1 shows the SEM images of Anodized Alumina Templates, (a) anodized at phosphoric acid, (b) anodized at oxalic acid Figure shows SEM images of the AAO templates after pore-expansion treatment with 2nd anodized AAO templates at different electrolyte. The results of the electrolyte change bring result that change of pore size of AAO templates can be seen clearly. and we can prepared that the CNFs by AAO template shows a well-ordered diameter. The CNFs were heated up to 600, 1000, and 1400°C to increase the crystallite degree. As results, we confirmed that CNF has become platelet structure.

Introduction Anodizing is widely studied because of its good advantages such as low cost and tractability in over a wide industrial area as one of the surface treatment processing technologies. Thus the anodized metal electrode is used as anode electrode of an electrical circuit. Consequently this process is named anodizing. Recently this process has the limelight to fabricate nano-scale structure with aluminum and titanium metals, etc. For these reasons anodizing have been used for fabrication of nano-scale linear materials and this linear type materials are applied to functionality inorganic membrane, photonic crystals, bio sensor, and electrode in energy storage devices Experimental The template was prepared by anodizing of 99.99% pure aluminum template of 0.2 mm thickness at 40V in 0.3 mol dm-3 sulfuric acid electrolyte at 20 ̊C. It was used as working electrode, and an aluminum sheet was also used as a counter electrode. After anodizing, pore-widening treatments were conducted by immersing the anodic alumina template obtained in 5wt% phosphoric acid at room temperature for 2 hours. Then, the mixture of anodic porous templates and carbon resource was heated in argon at 300 ̊C and kept at this temperature for 30min. After that, the temperature increased up to 600 °C and kept for 1 hour. In this heat treatment, the carbon resource was decomposed to liquefy into porous structure of template. And templates were dissolved in 10% NaOH solution and the CNFs formed were filtered. The morphologies and structures were examined using SEM, Tem, Impedance analysis, Cyclic-voltammetry and Charge-discharge analysis. Result & Discussion Figure shows SEM images of the AAO templates after pore-expansion treatment with 2nd anodized AAO templates. The effects of the two-step anodizing process can be seen clearly, and we can confirm that the AAO template shows a well-ordered pore distribution and increase of pore diameter according to pore-expansion time after the second anodizing step. References [1] M. Kiriu, M. Hayashi, H. Konno, H. Habazaki, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 105, (2007) 367-372. [2] M. Kiriu, H. Konno, H. Habazaki, Electrochemistry Communications, 8, (2006) 1275-1279. [3] M. Saito, M. Ishiguro, H. Asoh, S. Ono, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 151(8), (2004) B473-B478.

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