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The aim of this study was to develop a new nicotine transdermal patch: S‐(‐)‐Nicotine‐loaded nano flexible liposome hydrogel patch (S‐(‐)‐Nicotine‐NFL‐HGP), which combined liposome and hydrogel to achieve the long‐lasting and sustained release of S‐(‐)‐Nicotine for the treatment of nicotine withdrawal syndrome (NWS). The S‐(‐)‐Nicotine nanoscale flexible liposomes (S‐(‐)‐Nicotine‐NFL) were prepared using the thin film hydration method, and then combined with a three‐dimensional structured hydrogel to prepare S‐(‐)‐Nicotine‐NFL‐HGP. The initial bond strength (IBS) was (18 ± 2) s, the lasting bond strength (EBS) was (23.5 ± 3.4) s, and the appearance was pale yellow. The cumulative release rate of the patch was 64.8% within 48 h and the Higuchi equation of the drug release process was y = 9.47x1/2−1.13 (R2 = 0.99412). The cumulative transmittance per unit area of the patch after 48 h was (1047 ± 25.0) µg/cm2 and the dermal retention was (35.1 ± 4.2) µg/cm2. The Higuchi equation of the transdermal drug process showed the highest fit in the transdermal experiments with a long‐lasting and sustained release of S‐(‐)‐Nicotine. Stability study results showed that the IBS, EBS, appearance, and the performance of drug release of the patch were almost unchanged within 90 days, which had excellent stability. The patch prepared in this study has potential application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel drug delivery system (MSN-PEG-Hypericin) was successfully fabricated using tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as raw materials, and the PEGylation of the prepared aminated mesoporous silica and grafting of hypericin onto the carrier were further conducted to obtain MSN-PEG-Hypericin. The successful preparation of MSN-PEG-Hypericin was characterized by several physical-chemical techniques. Furthermore, the MSN-PEG-Hypericin system increased the ability of hypericin to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. The cytotoxicity assay and hemolysis analysis showed that MSN-PEG-Hypericin had good biocompatibility. For antibacterial studies, the irradiation time and incubation time of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for S. aureus and E. coli were respectively 8 min and 8 h, and the concentrations of hypericin were 2.5 and 5 μg/mL. The result of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride assay indicated that MSN-PEG-Hypericin had stronger photodynamic antibacterial activity than free hypericin, and S. aureus was more sensitive to PDT than E. coli, which was related to their cell structural differences. The antibacterial mechanism study indicated that the generated ROS could destroy the bacterial structures and cause bacterial death due to the leakage of the contents. The MSN-PEG-Hypericin system prepared in this study had potential application prospects in the antibacterial field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based nanostructures are highly desirable for applications such as chemical and biological sensing, photo/electrochemical catalysis, and energy storage due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this work, MoS2 core-shell nanoparticles were first prepared through the liquid-phase processing of bulk MoS2 by a femtosecond laser. The core of prepared nanoparticles was incompletely and weakly crystalline MoS2; the shell of prepared nanoparticles was highly crystalline MoS2, which wrapped around the core layer by layer. The femtosecond laser simultaneously achieved liquid-phase ablation and light exfoliation. The formation mechanism of the core-shell nanoparticles is to prepare the nanonuclei first by laser liquid-phase ablation and then the nanosheets by light exfoliation; the nanosheets will wrap the nanonuclei layer by layer through van der Waals forces to form core-shell nanoparticles. The MoS2 core-shell nanoparticles, because of Mo−S bond breakage and recombination, have high chemical activity for chemical catalysis. Afterward, the nanoparticles were used as a reducing agent to directly prepare three-dimensional (3D) Au-MoS2 micro/nanostructures, which were applied as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates to explore chemical sensing activity. The ultrahigh enhancement factor (1.06×1011), ultralow detection limit (10−13 M), and good SERS adaptability demonstrate highly sensitive SERS activity, great ability of ultralow concentration detection, and ability to detect diverse analytes, respectively. This work reveals the tremendous potential of 3D Au-MoS2 composite structures as excellent SERS substrates for chemical and biological sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of work consisted of study of experience of training of master's degrees of physical education in the universities of China. An educational document was probed 5 Chinese universities normatively-legal documents of the Chinese government. Forms, methods, are exposed, normative requirements to preparation of master's degrees on physical education. The state of problem, related to optimization of process of training of master's degrees in Ukraine is considered. The possible ways of decision of the folded problem are offered on the basis of the rational use theoretical methodical approaches, applied in the Chinese universities. Recommended teaching terms in a city council on physical education in the universities of Ukraine to increase on 1 - 2 years. The necessity of increase of amount is marked professionally-oriented disciplines in educational establishments of Ukraine. It is recommended to utillize experience of China on attaching of future master's degrees of physical education to research work.

A melamine phosphate borate flame retardant was prepared through a solvothermal method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, element analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The incorporation of melamine phosphate borate into the phenolic foams toughened by polyethylene glycol results in an increase in limiting oxygen index and a decrease in peak heat release rate, smoke, and CO and CO2production. The mechanical tests reveal that the incorporation of melamine phosphate borate leads to a further improvement in flexural strength and compressive strength, and a decrease in the pulverization ratios of the toughened foams. Moreover, the thermal stability of the toughened PF foams containing melamine phosphate borate was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mo-doped WSe2 nanolamellars have been successfully prepared via solid-state thermal (750 °C) reaction between micro-sized W, Mo with Se powders under inert atmosphere in a closed reactor and characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the morphologies of the as-prepared products changed from microplates to nanolamellars to aggregations composed of nanoparticles with the doping of Mo powders. And the sizes of crystallites evidently reduced while the contents of dopant increased within a certain limit (1 wt.%-7 wt.%). The tribological properties of the as-prepared products as additives in HVI750 base oil were investigated by UMT-2 multispecimen tribotester. The friction coefficient of the base oil containing Mo-doped WSe2 nanolamellars was lower and more stable than that of WSe2 nanolamellars. A combination of rolling friction, sliding friction, and stable tribofilm on the rubbing surface could further explain the good friction and wear properties of Mo-WSe2 nanoparticles as additives than that of WSe2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel drug delivery system (MSN-PEG-Hypericin) was successfully fabricated using tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as raw materials, and the PEGylation of the prepared aminated mesoporous silica and grafting of hypericin onto the carrier were further conducted to obtain MSN-PEG-Hypericin. The successful preparation of MSN-PEG-Hypericin was characterized by several physical-chemical techniques. Furthermore, the MSN-PEG-Hypericin system increased the ability of hypericin to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro . The cytotoxicity assay and hemolysis analysis showed that MSN-PEG-Hypericin had good biocompatibility. For antibacterial studies, the irradiation time and incubation time of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for S. aureus and E. coli were respectively 8 min and 8 h, and the concentrations of hypericin were 2.5 and 5 μg/mL. The result of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride assay indicated that MSN-PEG-Hypericin had stronger photodynamic antibacterial activity than free hypericin, and S. aureus was more sensitive to PDT than E. coli , which was related to their cell structural differences. The antibacterial mechanism study indicated that the generated ROS could destroy the bacterial structures and cause bacterial death due to the leakage of the contents. The MSN-PEG-Hypericin system prepared in this study had potential application prospects in the antibacterial field.

Based on the use of quercetin for treating diabetes and H 2 S for promoting wound healing, a series of three quercetin-linker-H 2 S donor conjugates was designed, synthesized and characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and MS. Meanwhile, in vitro evaluation of these compounds was also researched by IR-HepG2 treatment experiment, MTT assay, scratch test and tubule formation experiment. The three compounds could be used to treat insulin resistance induced by high glucose and promote the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, wound healing, and the formation of tubules in vitro under a high-glucose environment. Our results illustrate that these compounds could be used to treat diabetes and promote wound healing at the same time. Furthermore, molecular docking study results of the compounds were consistent with the evaluated biological activity. In vivo research of compounds is underway., (© 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)