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The article discusses the results of a study which compared the kinetic rate of thermal curing and ultraviolet-induced curing of bismaleimide (BMI) system. The authors explained that ultraviolet radiation influenced the initiation rate but not the activation energy of BMI system. The conversion level of BMI curing system using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, sample preparation, and analysis procedures are detailed.

Background: Multimorbidity and polypharmacy increase the risk of hospitalization in older adults receiving potentially inappropriate medication (PIM). The current study compared the ability of PIM-Taiwan, PRISCUS, and Beers criteria to predict 90-day rehospitalization in older patients with and without PIM. Methods: The retrospective cohort study used Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database to retrieve quarterly information about prescribed medication for adults aged ≥65 years hospitalized between 2001 and 2018. We analyzed the association of PIM with 90-day rehospitalization using logistic regression. Results: The study cohort included 206,058 older adults (mean age: 72.5 years). In the analysis, 133,201 (64.6%), 97,790 (47.5%), and 147,450 (71.6%), were identified as having PIM exposure in PIM-Taiwan, PRICUS, and Beers criteria, respectively. PIM-Taiwan criteria found exposure to PIM affecting the cardiovascular (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-1.41), gastrointestinal (aOR 1.26, 95% CI = 1.23-1.30), central nervous (aOR 1.11, 95% CI = 1.08-1.14), and respiratory (aOR 1.16, 95% CI = 1.12-1.20) systems significantly increased the risk of 90-day rehospitalization, after adjustment for covariates. In PRISCUS criteria, exposure to PIM affecting the respiratory (aOR 1.48, 95% CI = 1.41-1.56), central nervous (aOR 1.12, 95% CI = 1.09-1.15), and cardiovascular (aOR 1.20, 95% CI = 1.16-1.24) systems significantly increased the risk. In Beers criteria, exposure to PIM affecting the cardiovascular (aOR 1.37, 95% CI = 1.32-1.41), gastrointestinal (aOR 1.38, 95% CI = 1.35-1.42), central nervous (aOR 1.18, 95% CI = 1.15-1.21), endocrine (aOR 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06-1.15), and respiratory (aOR 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04-1.13) systems significantly increased the risk. Patients with 90-day rehospitalization had higher rates of the potentially harmful drug-drug interaction (DDI) pairs of serotonin syndrome (n = 19; 48.8%), QT prolongation (n = 4; 30.8%), extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (n = 102; 24.5%), and hypokalemia (n = 275; 20.1%). Conclusion: Beers criteria was more efficient in predicting 90-day rehospitalization among older adults experiencing PIM in Taiwan than either PIM-Taiwan or PRISCUS. The risk of 90-day rehospitalization was associated with the potentially harmful DDI classes of serotonin syndrome, QT prolongation, EPS, and hypokalemia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Hsieh, Huang, Yang, Ho, Chen, Tung, Chu and Tsai.)