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Leptophysoderes sarapiqui, sp. nov. Diagnosis (black arrowheads in figures). Recognized by the head being ~ 1.2 times as long as the pronotum (Figs 1, 2, 29), the posterior pronotal lobe with a large, oval, median depression (Figs 1, 10, 39), males with setigerous spines on femora and tibiae of fore- and midlegs (Figs 7���15), protibia inflected dorsally in basal half (Figs 12, 41), apex of corium strongly inflated (Figs 17, 46), membrane not extending medially along the costal margin (Fig. 17). Description. Male: Small (4.9���5.2 mm), macropterous, body elongate, legs fairly slender. Coloration: Body dark brown with some lighter brown and stramineous markings. Anteocular gradually lightened towards apex, with clypeal area stramineous; labium stramineous; scapus light brown, pedicellus dark brown, apically white; flagellomeres light brown-whitish; ocelli red; coxae and trochanters stramineous; femora basally stramineous, apically dark brown; tibiae basally and apically stramineous, interrupted medially by a brown area; abdominal sternites stramineous with brown suffusions, as well as with a U-shaped dark area covering large part of venter; hemelytra mottled with pale spots on membrane and part of clavus; exocorium light brown; membrane outer margin piceous; setation stramineous. Setation: Body largely glabrous with sparse setation; head, labium, scape, thorax, corium, and abdominal venter with sparse, adpressed short setae intermixed with longer, semi-erect, slightly flattened setae; pedicellus and flagellomeres with mix of short and longer slender setae; legs with rows of adpressed setae, denser towards tibial apex; scutellar apex with two erect setae; connexivum, especially on dorsal laterotergite VII, with long, stout setae; pygophore and parameres ventrally setose, pygophore dorsolaterally with 1 + 1 long setae; parameres setose. Structure: Head (Figs 7���9): Elongate, slightly longer than pronotum; anteocular about as long as postocular; postocular almost globular and elevated; eyes large, projecting in dorsal view; ocelli large, distance between ocelli slightly larger than between ocellus and eye; scapus only slightly more incrassate than pedicellus, attaining clypeal apex; pedicellus ~ 2 times longer than scapus; flagellomeres short, subequal in length; third labial segment surpassing posterior margin of eyes. Thorax (Figs 10, 11): Pronotum ~ 1.5 times wider than long; anterior pronotal lobe narrow, ~ 1 / 2 as wide as posterior lobe, rounded, faintly subdivided into two lobes by a shallow sulcus; collar weakly developed; posterior pronotal lobe large and wide, with large, oval median depression; humeral angles rounded; parascutellar lobes absent; scutellum with distinctly excavated disc, apex narrow and rounded. Legs (Figs 7 ���9, 12��� 16): Fairly slender, with forelegs slightly incrassate; protibia inflected in basal half; pro- and mesotrochanter ventrally with one large setigerous tubercle; metatrochanter unarmed; profemur ventrally with two rows of setigerous tubercles, anterior row with 8���10 tubercles of different sizes, posterior with 2���3; mesofemur ventrally armed with 2 setigerous tubercles in anterior and 1 in posterior position; metafemur unarmed; protibia armed ventrally along anterior margin with 4���6 setigerous tubercles with setae much longer than tubercle, posteroventrally with 3 setigerous tubercles with spiniform setae; mesotibia armed dorsally with irregular row of 4���5 setigerous tubercles, tubercles towards apex with long setae; metatibia unarmed, but with several long setae set on small tubercles; all tarsi 2 -segmented. Hemelytron (Figs 17, 18): Surpassing abdominal apex; corium with apex rounded and inflated; veins in membrane faint beyond immediate corium-membrane boundary. Pregenital abdomen (Figs 4, 18): Elongate-ovoid and flat, apex truncate; spiracles small and round. Genitalia (Figs 19���27): Pygophore small and rounded, devoid of processes; parameres flat and apically truncate; articulatory apparatus triangular, with distinct ductifer; pedicel short; phallotheca weakly sclerotized, distally with two flap-like processes on ventral surface; endosomal struts and dorsal phallothecal sclerite weakly sclerotized; endosoma almost as long as phallotheca, dorsally smooth, ventrally covered by short, curved spicules, most prominent towards distal margin; surpasses pygophore margin when expanded. C. fairchildi Wygodzinsky and L. sarapiqui, sp. nov. female L. sarapiqui, sp. nov. male L. orellana Weirauch male Maldonado male Female (Figs 28 ���32, 35���37, 39, 41, 42, 44���46): Small (5.4���5.6 mm), submacropterous, body elongate-ovoid, legs moderately stout. Coloration: Similar to male, with brown areas on body somewhat lighter and more reddish brown and appendages brownish rather than stramineous. Clypeal area with stramineous suffusion as in male. Setation: Pattern similar to male, but somewhat denser, and both short, curved, adpressed and longer semi-erect setae distinctly longer and more explanate than in male. Pedicellus with short, adpressed setae, flagellomeres with some slender, short, erect setae. Setae on pronotum concentrated along margins and transverse suture (more distinct than in male). Structure: Head: Similar to male, except postocular region less globular, interocular sulcus indistinct, eye and ocellus small, scapus barely reaching apex of clypeus. Thorax: Pronotum similar to male, except anterior lobe wider, ~ 2 / 3 width of posterior lobe. Legs: Similar to male, but overall slightly more stout; leg armature with tubercles generally somewhat larger than in male. Hemelytron: Membrane just reaching tergite VIII; corium with apex rounded and inflated; bases of M and Cu close to each other at corium-membrane boundary. Pregenital Abdomen: Ovoid in dorsal view, less flattened than male, apex rounded. Genitalia (Fig. 44): Truncate in lateral view, tergites IX���X incompletely fused into syntergite, line separating sclerites visible; gonocoxa VIII elongate, sclerite carrying spiracle VIII seemingly fused with base of gonocoxa VIII; externally visible part of gonapophysis VIII quadrangular. Immature (5 th instar; Figs 5, 6). Coloration: Similar to male and female, with wing pads stramineous. Setation. Similar to male and female, with setae corresponding to long semi-erect setae in adults very long and spatulate. Structure. Head: Similar to the adults; eyes fairly large and ocellar spots distinct. Thorax: Pronotum longer than head; posterior lobe slightly longer and wider than anterior lobe; wing pads long, attaining distal part of syntergite I���III. Legs: Similar to the adults. In both shape and armature. Abdomen: Ovoid. Length Width L sarapiqui Total Head Anteoc Postoc Pron Synth AcrEyes AntPron PostPron Abd ♂ (N = 2) 14362 5.40 1.10 0.52 0.32 1.1 0.32 0.60 0.88 1.64 1.60 14363 5.60 1.16 0.53 0.33 1.08 0.35 0.66 1.00 1.80 1.82 ♀ (N = 2) 14360 4.91 1.22 0.52 0.49 0.97 0.38 0.59 1.01 1.40 1.90 14361 5.17 1.21 0.56 0.46 0.99 0.42 0.64 1.10 1.41 1.98 Etymology. The name refers to the type locality, Heredia Sarapiqui Province. It is a noun in apposition. Distribution. This species is only known from the type locality in Costa Rica. Material examined. Holotype: COSTA RICA: Heredia: Sarapiqui Co.: P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 16 Km SSE La Virgen, 10.26784 ��N 84.084 ��W, 1050 m, 14 Mar 2001 ��� 17 Mar 2001, INBio-OET-ALAS, 1 ♂ (UCR_ ENT 00014363) (INBio). Paratypes: COSTA RICA: Heredia: Sarapiqui Co.: P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 16 Km SSE La Virgen, 10.26784 ��N 84.084 ��W, 1050 m, 14 Mar 2001 ��� 17 Mar 2001, INBio-OET-ALAS, 2 ♀ (UCR_ ENT 00014360) (INBio), (UCR_ ENT 00014361) (UCR), 1 ♂ (UCR_ ENT 00014362) (UCR). Other Specimens Examined: COSTA RICA: Heredia: Sarapiqui Co.: P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 16 Km SSE La Virgen, 10.26784 ��N 84.084 ��W, 1050 m, 14 Mar 2001 ��� 17 Mar 2001, INBio-OET-ALAS, 2 immatures (UCR_ ENT 0 0 0 95499, UCR_ ENT 00095500) (INBIO)., Published as part of Davranoglou, L. R., Hwang, W. S. & Weirauch, C., 2015, Neotropical Physoderinae revisited, with description of a new, sexually dimorphic species of Leptophysoderes Weirauch (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), pp. 89-99 in Zootaxa 3963 (1) on pages 91-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/288652

Davranoglou, L. R., Hwang, W. S., Weirauch, C. (2015): Neotropical Physoderinae revisited, with description of a new, sexually dimorphic species of Leptophysoderes Weirauch (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Zootaxa 3963 (1): 89-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3963.1.6

Leptophysoderes Weirauch, 2006 Figures 1 ���32, 35���37, 39, 41, 42, 44���47, Tables 1 and 2 Type species: Leptophysoderes orellana Weirauch, 2006 Revised diagnosis of Leptophysoderes (white arrowheads in figures): Recognized among Physoderinae by the small size and slender habitus in the male (4.6���5.2 mm) [Figs 1���4] and fairly small size and elongate-ovoid habitus in the female (5.4���5.6 mm) [Figs 28���32], long second labial segment and relatively stout third labial segment (Figs 4, 30, 31), scapus reaching clypeus (Figs 7, 35), the anterior pronotal lobe in males narrow, only ~ 2 / 3 width of the posterior lobe (Fig. 10), absence of paramedian carinae (Figs 10, 39), absence of parascutellar lobes on the posterior pronotal lobe (Figs 1, 2, 10, 28, 29, 39), slender and dorsally rounded apex of the scutellum (Figs 11, 29), legs slender (L. orellana) or slightly (male) to moderately (female) incrassate (Figs 1 ���4, 12, 28���32) pro- and mesofemora with (Figs 12, 30) or without (L. orellana) ventral spines, pro- and mesotibiae without processes (L. orellana) or with small (Fig. 13) or large (Fig. 41) setigerous processes, all tarsi with two tarsomeres (Figs 31, 45), apex of corium rounded (Figs 17, 46), and Cu in the hemelytral membrane either present (Fig. 17) or absent (L. orellana), if present M and Cu close to each other at corium-membrane boundary (Fig. 17). Distinguished from the only other Physoderinae known from the Neotropical Region, Cryptophysoderes Wygodzinsky and Maldonado, by the longer second labial segment and the stout third segment, the scapus reaching or surpassing the clypeal apex, the absence of parascutellar lobes and paramedian carinae on the pronotum, and the rounded apex of the corium., Published as part of Davranoglou, L. R., Hwang, W. S. & Weirauch, C., 2015, Neotropical Physoderinae revisited, with description of a new, sexually dimorphic species of Leptophysoderes Weirauch (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), pp. 89-99 in Zootaxa 3963 (1) on page 91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/288652, {"references":["Weirauch, C. (2006) New genus and species of Physoderinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from the New World, with a revised diagnosis of Physoderinae Miller. American Museum Novitates, 3510, 1 - 9. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2006) 3510 [1: NGASOP] 2.0. CO; 2"]}

The purpose of this study is to develop a three-dimensional (3D) analysis system capable of analysing the flow field of molten steel in the slab continuous casting mould with rotated ports in the submerged entry nozzle. The ultimate goal is to obtain the optimal design for the entry ports of the submerged nozzle, which can introduce favourable flow patterns to remove non-metallic inclusions and avoid entrapment of molten slag and casting powder to produce steel slab of high cleanliness. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics technique, Sola-Surf, is employed to conduct the 3D fluid flow analysis. The technique has the capability of treating fluid flow problems with a free surface that slightly vibrates. The slightly vibrating free surface presents fairly accurately the behaviour of the molten slag–casting powder layer in the continuous casting mould. The developed simulation system is then tested on a slab continuous casting mould to analyse the fluid flow behaviour of molten steel under va...