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1. Orthobunyavirus spike architecture and recognition by neutralizing antibodies

Author

Jan Hellert, Martin Beer, Ahmed Haouz, Kerstin Wernike, Félix A. Rey, Sven Reiche, Pablo Guardado-Calvo, Emiliana Brocchi, Andrea Aebischer, Virologie Structurale - Structural Virology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Cristallographie (Plateforme) - Crystallography (Platform), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), This research was performed as part of the Zoonoses Anticipation and Preparedness Initiative (ZAPI project, IMI Grant Agreement n°115760), with the assistance and financial support of IMI and the European Commission, and in kind contributions from EFPIA partners. F.A.R. also received funding by the Région Ile de France (Domaine d’intêret majeur Innovative technologies for life sciences, DIM 1HEALTH). Additional funding was provided by Institut Pasteur, the CNRS and the GIS IBiSA (Infrastructures en biologie santé et agronomie). J.H. received the Pasteur-Cantarini fellowship for 24 months, and was later supported by the DIM 1HEALTH grant., We thank Patrick England from the Molecular Biophysics facility and Fabrice Agou from the Chemogenomic and Biological Screening platform at Institut Pasteur and the staff of synchrotron beamlines PX1 and PX2 at SOLEIL (St. Aubin, France) and ID29 and ID30B at the ESRF (Grenoble, France) for help during data collection. We thank Xiaohong Shi and Richard M. Elliott from Glasgow, UK, for the BUNV Gc gene., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Orthobunyavirus, General Physics and Astronomy, MESH: Cricetinae, 02 engineering and technology, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, Crystallography, X-Ray, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, MESH: Mice, Knockout, MESH: Antibodies, Monoclonal, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, Mice, MESH: Protein Structure, Tertiary, Viral Envelope Proteins, MESH: Chlorocebus aethiops, Cricetinae, Chlorocebus aethiops, MESH: Animals, Neutralizing antibody, lcsh:Science, Mice, Knockout, Multidisciplinary, biology, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Antibodies, Monoclonal, Schmallenberg virus, Ruminants, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, MESH: Ruminants, Female, Antibody, 0210 nano-technology, Viral protein, Science, MESH: Glycoproteins, MESH: Orthobunyavirus, MESH: Vero Cells, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Antigenic drift, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Viral Structures, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, medicine, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Vero Cells, MESH: Mice, Viral Structures, Glycoproteins, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Crystallography, X-Ray, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Virology, MESH: Male, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Viral Envelope Proteins, biology.protein, Vero cell, lcsh:Q, MESH: Female
Abstract

Orthobunyaviruses (OBVs) form a distinct genus of arthropod-borne bunyaviruses that can cause severe disease upon zoonotic transmission to humans. Antigenic drift or genome segment re-assortment have in the past resulted in new pathogenic OBVs, making them potential candidates for causing emerging zoonoses in the future. Low-resolution electron cryo-tomography studies have shown that OBV particles feature prominent trimeric spikes, but their molecular organization remained unknown. Here we report X-ray crystallography studies of four different OBVs showing that the spikes are formed by an N-terminal extension of the fusion glycoprotein Gc. Using Schmallenberg virus, a recently emerged OBV, we also show that the projecting spike is the major target of the neutralizing antibody response, and provide X-ray structures in complex with two protecting antibodies. We further show that immunization of mice with the spike domains elicits virtually sterilizing immunity, providing fundamental knowledge essential in the preparation for potential newly emerging OBV zoonoses., Orthobunyaviruses (OBVs) cause severe disease in humans and farm animals, but the molecular basis for infection is not fully understood. Here, the authors present crystal structures of free and antibody-bound OBV envelope glycoproteins and show that their domains enable efficient immunization in a mouse model.

Published
2019
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2. Non-discriminatory Exclusion Testing as a Tool for the Early Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Incursions

Author

Michael Eschbaumer, Andrea Vögtlin, David J. Paton, Jamie L. Barnabei, Manuel Jose Sanchez-Vazquez, Edviges Maristela Pituco, Alejandro Mauricio Rivera, Dwane O'Brien, Charles Nfon, Emiliana Brocchi, Labib Bakkali Kassimi, David J. Lefebvre, Roberto Navarro López, Eduardo Maradei, Sergio J. Duffy, Angelika Loitsch, Kris De Clercq, Donald P. King, Stéphan Zientara, Christian Griot, Martin Beer, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Virology and Immunology [Mittelhäusern] (IVI), University of Bern, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern-University of Bern, Institute for Animal Health, the Pirbright Institute, National Animal Vaccine and Veterinary Countermeasures Bank, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Disease Center-Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa y Salud Pública Veterinaria-PANAFTOSA, Diagnostic Surveillance and Response, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO)-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA)), Private Consultants for Animal Health and Epidemiology, and Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES)

Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences, Mini Review, a section of the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science FMD, Early detection, 610 Medicine & health, Disease, exclusion testing, law.invention, 0403 veterinary science, FMD, 03 medical and health sciences, transboundary disease, law, Quarantine, Development economics, medicine, Sanctions, Economic impact analysis, early detection, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, Foot-and-mouth disease, 630 Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, This article was submitted to Veterinary Infectious Diseases, surveillance, lcsh:SF600-1100, 570 Life sciences, biology, Veterinary Science, Business
Abstract

International audience; Endemic circulation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Africa and Asia poses a continuous risk to countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania which are free from the disease. Introductions of the disease into a free region have dramatic economic impacts, especially if they are not detected at an early stage and controlled rapidly. However, farmers and veterinarians have an obvious disincentive to report clinical signs that are consistent with FMD, due to the severe consequences of raising an official suspicion, such as farm-level quarantine. One way that the risk of late detection can be mitigated is offering non-discriminatory exclusion testing schemes for differential diagnostics, wherein veterinarians can submit samples without the involvement of the competent authority and without sanctions or costs for the farmer. This review considers the benefits and limitations of this approach to improve the early detection of FMD in free countries and gives an overview of the FMD testing schemes currently in use in selected countries in Europe and the Americas as well as in Australia.

Published
2020
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3. Multimeric single-domain antibody complexes protect against bunyavirus infections

Author

Frank Grosveld, Sara Rodriguez Conde, Paul J. Wichgers Schreur, Dorota Kozub, Jan Hellert, Kieran K Mistry, Erick Bermúdez-Méndez, Martin Beer, Pablo Guardado-Calvo, Félix A. Rey, Karen Brennan, Ziyan Deng, Michiel M. Harmsen, Olalekan Daramola, Sandra G. P. van de Water, Jeroen Kortekaas, Dubravka Drabek, Maiken Søndergaard Kristiansen, Andrea Aebischer, Lucien van Keulen, Kerstin Wernike, Wageningen BioVeterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Harbour Antibodies B.V, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), AstraZeneca [Cambridge, UK], Virologie Structurale - Structural Virology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Innovative Medicines Initiative (ZAPI (grant agreement no. 115760))Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones (Student Fellowship (PEM-066-2015-II))Universidad de Costa Rica (Student Fellowship (OAICE-CAB-05-56-2016)), European Project: 115760,EC:FP7:SP1-JTI,IMI-JU-11-2013,ZAPI(2015), Cell biology, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Rift Valley fever virus, Laboratory of Virology, bunyavirus, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, Mice, schmallenberg virus, MESH: Animals, Biology (General), Microbiology and Infectious Disease, biology, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], General Neuroscience, Bacteriologie, Schmallenberg virus, Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics, General Medicine, PE&RC, Virology & Molecular Biology, 3. Good health, MESH: Camelids, New World, Medicine, Female, Antibody, Camelids, New World, Research Article, MESH: Antiviral Agents, QH301-705.5, Science, infectious disease, 030106 microbiology, virus, Bunyaviridae Infections, Antiviral Agents, MESH: Single-Domain Antibodies, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, World health, Laboratorium voor Virologie, MESH: Bunyaviridae Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, Emerging pathogen, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Animals, Humans, Life Science, MESH: Mice, single-domain antibody, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics, therapy, MESH: Humans, General Immunology and Microbiology, microbiology, vhh, Bacteriology, Single-Domain Antibodies, biology.organism_classification, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Virology, Host Pathogen Interactie & Diagnostiek, MESH: Male, Virologie & Moleculaire Biologie, 030104 developmental biology, Single-domain antibody, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Bacteriologie, Host Pathogen Interactie & Diagnostiek, biology.protein, MESH: Female, rift valley fever virus
Abstract

International audience; The World Health Organization has included three bunyaviruses posing an increasing threat to human health on the Blueprint list of viruses likely to cause major epidemics and for which no, or insufficient countermeasures exist. Here, we describe a broadly applicable strategy, based on llama-derived single-domain antibodies (VHHs), for the development of bunyavirus biotherapeutics. The method was validated using the zoonotic Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an emerging pathogen of ruminants, as model pathogens. VHH building blocks were assembled into highly potent neutralizing complexes using bacterial superglue technology. The multimeric complexes were shown to reduce and prevent virus-induced morbidity and mortality in mice upon prophylactic administration. Bispecific molecules engineered to present two different VHHs fused to an Fc domain were further shown to be effective upon therapeutic administration. The presented VHH-based technology holds great promise for the development of bunyavirus antiviral therapies.

Published
2020
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4. 'Frozen evolution' of an RNA virus suggests accidental release as a potential cause of arbovirus re-emergence

Author

David J Pascall, Cyril Viarouge, Kyriaki Nomikou, Roman Biek, Giantonella Puggioni, Emmanuel Bréard, Stéphan Zientara, Giovanni Savini, Kris De Clercq, Bernd Hoffmann, Maude Jacquot, Anette Bøtner, Ana da Silva Filipe, Piet A. van Rijn, Ciriaco Ligios, Joshua B Singer, Peter P. C. Mertens, Massimo Palmarini, Carrie Batten, Corinne Sailleau, University of Glasgow, MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, The School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Virus exotiques et maladies particulières = Exotic viruses and particular diseases [Bruxelles], Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Institute for Animal Health, the Pirbright Institute, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Instituto Zooprofilattico della Sardegna, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise Guiseppe Caporale (IZSAM), Partenaires INRAE, Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow, and 24551287 - Van Rijn, Petrus Antonius

Subjects
RNA viruses, 0301 basic medicine, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical locations, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, Short Reports, Reoviruses, Immunologie, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biology (General), Phylogeny, Data Management, biology, General Neuroscience, Phylogenetic Analysis, Agriculture, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, Biological Evolution, 3. Good health, Virology & Molecular Biology, Phylogenetics, Europe, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viral evolution, Viruses, Evolutionary Rate, Livestock, France, Pathogens, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biologie, Computer and Information Sciences, Evolutionary Processes, QH301-705.5, Genome, Viral, Microbiology, Bluetongue, Arbovirus, Viral Evolution, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Bluetongue Virus, Virology, medicine, Life Science, Animals, Evolutionary Systematics, European Union, Microbial Pathogens, Taxonomy, Evolutionary Biology, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Organisms, Neurosciences cognitives, Biology and Life Sciences, Outbreak, RNA virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Organismal Evolution, Viral Replication, Virologie & Moleculaire Biologie, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Microbial Evolution, Mutation, People and places, business, Microbiologie et protistologie [bacteriol.virolog.mycolog.], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The mechanisms underlying virus emergence are rarely well understood, making the appearance of outbreaks largely unpredictable. Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8), an arthropod-borne virus of ruminants, emerged in livestock in northern Europe in 2006, spreading to most European countries by 2009 and causing losses of billions of euros. Although the outbreak was successfully controlled through vaccination by early 2010, puzzlingly, a closely related BTV-8 strain re-emerged in France in 2015, triggering a second outbreak that is still ongoing. The origin of this virus and the mechanisms underlying its re-emergence are unknown. Here, we performed phylogenetic analyses of 164 whole BTV-8 genomes sampled throughout the two outbreaks. We demonstrate consistent clock-like virus evolution during both epizootics but found negligible evolutionary change between them. We estimate that the ancestor of the second outbreak dates from the height of the first outbreak in 2008. This implies that the virus had not been replicating for multiple years prior to its re-emergence in 2015. Given the absence of any known natural mechanism that could explain BTV-8 persistence over this long period without replication, we hypothesise that the second outbreak could have been initiated by accidental exposure of livestock to frozen material contaminated with virus from approximately 2008. Our work highlights new targets for pathogen surveillance programmes in livestock and illustrates the power of genomic epidemiology to identify pathways of infectious disease emergence., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020
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5. Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: second update 2018

Author

J. Christopher S. Clegg, Taiyun Wei, Sandra Junglen, Joseph L. DeRisi, F. Murilo Zerbini, Michele Digiaro, Xueping Zhou, R. O. Resende, Hideki Ebihara, Boris Klempa, Il-Ryong Choi, Jonas Klingström, Eric Bergeron, Anna Papa, Mark D. Stenglein, Scott Adkins, Rayapati A. Naidu, Xavier de Lamballerie, Shyi Dong Yeh, Víctor Romanowski, Massimo Turina, Koray Ergünay, Carol D. Blair, Anne Lise Haenni, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Matthew J. Ballinger, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Robert B. Tesh, Jens H. Kuhn, Amadou A. Sall, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Charles H. Calisher, Martin Beer, Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes, Charles F. Fulhorst, Takahide Sasaya, Stanley A. Langevin, Giovanni P. Martelli, Aura R. Garrison, Roy A. Hall, Connie S. Schmaljohn, Holly R. Hughes, Rakesh K. Jain, Martin H. Groschup, Roger Hewson, Manuela Sironi, Clarence J. Peters, Anna E. Whitfield, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Alexander Plyusnin, Felicity J. Burt, Rémi N. Charrel, Ali Mirazimi, Amy J. Lambert, Peter Simmonds, Michael J. Buchmeier, Toufic Elbeaino, Marco Marklewitz, Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Janusz T. Paweska, Jin Won Song, Xiǎohóng Shí, Igor S. Lukashevich, Hans Peter Mühlbach, Yukio Shirako, George Fú Gāo, Gustavo Palacios, Dennis A. Bente, Piet Maes, Richard Kormelink, Stephan Günther, Maria S. Salvato, S. V. Alkhovsky, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Mike Drebot, Thomas Briese, Miranda Gilda Jonson, Jessica R. Spengler, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Ljubljana, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Fundación Instituto Leloir [Buenos Aires], Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), International Rice Research Institute [Philippines] (IRRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rochester [USA], Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Conditions et territoires d'émergence des maladies : dynamiques spatio-temporelles de l'émergence, évolution, diffusion/réduction des maladies, résistance et prémunition des hôtes (CTEM), Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Public Health England [Salisbury] (PHE), Humboldt State University (HSU), Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Laboratory of Virology [Wageningen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Systems Biology, Sandia National Laboratories, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Center for Microbiological Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Instituto Evandro Chagas, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Virology [Helsinki], Haartman Institute [Helsinki], Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular [La Plata] (IBBM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas [La Plata], Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP)-Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Divison of Plant Protection, National Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural Research Center, University of Edinburgh, Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia (IRCCS), Università degli Studi di Brescia = University of Brescia (UniBs), Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Universidade Federal de Viçosa = Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Medical School, University of Ljubljana, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases [USA] (USAMRIID), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki-Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Università degli Studi di Brescia [Brescia], Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), and Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Family Arenaviridae, Laboratory of Virology, cogovirus, bunyavirus, Biology, Bunyaviridae / classifica??o, Medical and Health Sciences, Article, Laboratorium voor Virologie, ICTV, 03 medical and health sciences, Tospovirus, Virology, Life Science, Animals, Humans, Arenaviridae Infections, Bunyavirales, Arenaviridae, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 030306 microbiology, General Medicine, Biological Sciences, Arenaviridae / classifica??o, Arbovirus / classifica??o, Genealogy, humanities, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, classification, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Taxonomy (biology), EPS
Abstract

This work was supported in part through Battelle Memorial Institute?s prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I (J.H.K.). This work was also funded in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH) contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (R.B.T.) Rega Institute. Infectious Diseases unit. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. US Horticultural Research Laboratory. Fort Pierce, FL, USA. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology. D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology. Moscow, Russia. University of Ljubljana. Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine. Ljubljana, Slovenia. Mississippi State University. Department of Biological Sciences. Mississippi State, MS, USA. University of Texas Medical Branch. Galveston, TX, USA. Institute of Diagnostic Virology. Friedrich-Loefer-Institut. Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology. Viral Special Pathogens Branch. Atlanta, GA, USA. Colorado State University. Department of Microbiology. Immunology & Pathology, Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory. Fort Collins, CO, USA. Columbia University. Center for Infection and Immunity. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health. New York, NY, USA. University of California. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry. Irvine, CA, USA. National Health Laboratory Service. Division of Virology. Bloemfontein. Republic of South Africa / University of the Free State. Division of Virology. Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa. Colorado State University. Department of Microbiology. Immunology & Pathology, Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory. Fort Collins, CO, USA. Unit? des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ?IRD 190? Inserm 1207?IHU M?diterran?e Infection). Marseille, France. International Rice Research Institute. Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division. Los Ba?os, Philippines. Les MandinauxLe Grand Madieu. France. The Scripps Research Institute. Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6. La Jolla, USA. Unit? des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ?IRD 190?Inserm 1207?IHU M?diterran?e Infection). Marseille, France. University of California. Department of Medicine. San Francisco, USA / University of California. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics. San Francisco, USA / University of California. Department of Microbiology. San Francisco, USA. Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari. Valenzano, Italy. Public Health Agency of Canada. National Microbiology Laboratory. Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens. Winnipeg, Canada. Mayo Clinic. Department of Molecular Medicine. Rochester, USA. Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari. Valenzano, Italy. Hacettepe University. Faculty of Medicine. Department of Medical Microbiology. Virology Unit. Ankara, Turkey. University of Texas Medical Branch. Galveston, TX, USA. United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Fort Detrick, Frederick, USA. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention. Beijing, China. Kansas State University. Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Disease. Manhattan, USA. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention. Beijing, China / Fudan University. Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences. Shanghai, China. WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research. Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine. Department of Virology. Hamburg, Germany. CNRS- Paris-Diderot. Institut Jacques Monod. Paris, France. The University of Queensland. School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences. Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre. Brisbane, Australia. Public Health England. Salisbury, UK. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fort Collins, USA. Indian Agricultural Research Institute. Division of Plant Pathology. New Delhi, India. Seoul National University. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis. Seoul, Korea. Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. corporate member of Free University Berlin. Institute of Virology. Charit?-Universit?tsmedizin Berlin. Berlin, Germany / German Centre for Infection Research. Berlin, Germany. Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. corporate member of Free University Berlin. Institute of Virology. Charit?-Universit?tsmedizin Berlin. Berlin, Germany / Slovak Academy of Sciences. Biomedical Research Center. Bratislava, Slovakia. Karolinska University Hospital. Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet. Department of Medicine Huddinge. Stockholm, Sweden. Wageningen University. Department of Plant Sciences. Laboratory of Virology. Wageningen, The Netherlands. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fort Collins, USA. University of Washington. Department of Microbiology. Washington, USA. University of Louisville. School of Medicine. The Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Louisville, USA. Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health. corporate member of Free University Berlin. Institute of Virology. Charit?-Universit?tsmedizin Berlin. Berlin, Germany / German Centre for Infection Research. Berlin, Germany. University of Bari Aldo Moro. Department of Plant, Soil and Food Sciences. Bari, Italy. University of Hamburg. Biocentre Klein Flottbek. Hamburg, Germany. Folkhalsomyndigheten. Stockholm, Sweden. University of Hamburg. Biocentre Klein Flottbek. Hamburg, Germany. Washington State University. Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center. Department of Plant Pathology. Prosser, USA. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Inova??es Tecnol?gicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Fort Detrick, Frederick, USA. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses. Department of Microbiology, Medical School. Thessaloniki, Greece. National Health Laboratory Service. National Institute for Communicable Diseases. Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases. Sandringham, South Africa / University of Pretoria. Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Medical Virology. Pretoria South Africa. University of Texas Medical Branch. Galveston, TX, USA. University of Helsinki. Department of Virology. Medicum, Helsinki, Finland. United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Fort Detrick, Frederick, USA. Universidade de Bras?lia. Departamento de Biologia Celular. Bras?lia , DF, Brazil. Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient?ficas y T?cnicas. Centro Cientifico Technol?gico-La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog?a y Biolog?a Molecular. La Plata, Argentina. Institut Pasteur de Dakar. Dakar, Senegal. University of Maryland School of Medicine. Institute of Human Virology. Baltimore, USA. National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. Department of Planning and Coordination. Tsukuba, Japan. United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Fort Detrick, Frederick, USA. MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research. Glasgow, UK. University of Tokyo. Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences. Tokyo, Japan. University of Oxford. Department of Medicine. Oxford, UK. Bioinformatics Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA. Bosisio Parini, Italy. Korea University. College of Medicine. Department of Microbiology. Seoul. Republic of Korea. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology. Viral Special Pathogens Branch. Atlanta, GA, USA. Colorado State University. Immunology and Pathology. Department of Microbiology. Fort Collins, USA. University of Texas Medical Branch. Galveston, TX, USA. CNR. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection. Torino, Italy. Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University. Institute of Plant Virology. Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology. Fuzhou, China. North Carolina State University. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology. Raleigh, USA. National Chung Hsing University. Department of Plant Pathology. Taichung, Taiwan. Universidade Federal de Vi?osa. Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO. Vi?osa, MG, Brazil. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention. Beijing, China / Fudan University. Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences. Shanghai, China. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Institute of Plant Protection. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests. Beijing, China. National Institutes of Health (NIH). National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Division of Clinical Research (DCR). Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick). Frederick, USA. In October 2018, the order Bunyavirales was amended by inclusion of the family Arenaviridae, abolishment of three families, creation of three new families, 19 new genera, and 14 new species, and renaming of three genera and 22 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

Published
2019
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6. Model of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in multilayered cells derived from bovine dorsal soft palate

Author

Hagglund, Sara, Laloy, Eve, Naslund, Katarina, Pfaff, Florian, Eschbaumer, Michael, Romey, Aurore, RELMY, Anthony, Rikberg, Annika, Svensson, Anna, Huet, Hélène, Gorna, Kamila, Zuehlke, Daniela, Riedel, Katharina, Beer, Martin, Zientara, Stephan, Bakkali, Labib, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, VALARCHER, Jean François, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Svenska Forskningsradet FormasSwedish Research Council Formas, Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE, Germany), and Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANIHWA ERA NET Transcriptovac FPFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [26]

Subjects
Male, Swine, bovine dorsal soft palate, animal diseases, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cattle Diseases, Genome, Viral, Cell Line, Animals, foot‐and‐mouth disease virus, Antigens, Viral, Cells, Cultured, foot-and-mouth disease virus, Original Articles, persistence, Immunohistochemistry, epithelial cells, air‐liquid interface models, air-liquid interface models, cattle, Foot-and-Mouth Disease, RNA, Viral, Female, Original Article, Palate, Soft
Abstract

International audience; Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious vesicular disease in livestock, with serious consequences for international trade. The virus persists in the nasopharynx of cattle and this slows down the process to obtain an FMDV-free status after an outbreak. To study biological mechanisms, or to identify molecules that can be targeted to diagnose or interfere with persistence, we developed a model of persistent FMDV infection in bovine dorsal soft palate (DSP). Primary DSP cells were isolated after commercial slaughter and were cultured in multilayers at the air-liquid interface. After 5 weeks of culture without further passage, the cells were infected with FMDV strain O/FRA/1/2001. Approximately, 20% of cells still had a polygonal morphology and displayed tight junctions as in stratified squamous epithelia. Subsets of cells expressed cytokeratin and most or all cells expressed vimentin. In contrast to monolayers in medium, multilayers in air demonstrated only a limited cytopathic effect. Integrin alpha(V)beta(6) expression was observed in mono- but not in multilayers. FMDV antigen, FMDV RNA and live virus were detected from day 1 to 28, with peaks at day 1 and 2. The proportion of infected cells was highest at 24 hr (3% and 36% of cells at an MOI of 0.01 and 1, respectively). At day 28 after infection, at a time when animals that still harbour FMDV are considered carriers, FMDV antigen was detected in 0.2%-2.1% of cells, in all layers, and live virus was isolated from supernatants of 6/8 cultures. On the consensus level, the viral genome did not change within the first 24 hr after infection. Only a few minor single nucleotide variants were detected, giving no indication of the presence of a viral quasispecies. The air-liquid interface model of DSP brings new possibilities to investigate FMDV persistence in a controlled manner.

Published
2019
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7. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales : update 2017

Author

Andrew J. Easton, Gael Kurath, Jonathan S. Towner, Qi Fang, Calogero Terregino, Noël Tordo, Jean L. Patterson, John H. Werren, John M. Dye, Andrea Maisner, Qisheng Song, Peter J. Walker, Benhur Lee, Pierre Formenty, Richard E. Randall, Ralf Dürrwald, Kim R. Blasdell, Alisa Bochnowski, Bertus K. Rima, Robert A. Lamb, Paul A. Rota, Kartik Chandran, Ralf G. Dietzgen, David M. Stone, Norbert Nowotny, Hideki Kondo, Roger Hewson, Anna E. Whitfield, Janusz T. Paweska, Masayuki Horie, Peter L. Collins, Keizo Tomonaga, Martin Schwemmle, Anthony P. James, Olga Dolnik, Gary P. Kobinger, Beibei Wang, Michael N. Pearson, Nicolás Bejerman, Susan Payne, Ming Li, Jian Hong, Fei Wang, Christopher F. Basler, Robert M. Harding, Jens H. Kuhn, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Charles H. Calisher, Eric M. Leroy, Viktor E. Volchkov, Hideki Ebihara, Lin-Fa Wang, Dàohóng Jiāng, Sina Bavari, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Ayato Takada, Sergey V. Netesov, Elke Mühlberger, Sophie J. Smither, David Wang, Gongyin Ye, Peter Revill, Martin Beer, Colleen M. Higgins, Yīmíng Bào, Robert B. Tesh, Victoria Wahl-Jensen, Thomas Briese, Zhichao Yan, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Elodie Ghedin, Alexander Bukreyev, Nikos Vasilakis, Virology, Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), University of Washington [Seattle], National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Georgia State University, University System of Georgia (USG), Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases [USA] (USAMRIID), Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Albert Einstein College of Medicine [New York], National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Philipps University of Marburg, IDT Biologika, School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rochester [USA], State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Department of Viroscience [Rotterdam, The Netherlands], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Public Health England [Salisbury] (PHE), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Infections Virales et Pathologie Comparée - UMR 754 (IVPC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Kagoshima University, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Research Centre in Infectious Diseases, CHUL Research Centre and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, US Geological Survey [Seattle], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Northwestern University [Evanston], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand (AENZ), Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Novosibirsk State University (NSU), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, TX], Texas A&M University System, National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), University of Auckland [Auckland], Biomedical Sciences Research Complex [St Andrews, Scotland] (BSRC), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Ministry of Defence (UK) (MOD), University of Missouri School of Medicine, University of Missouri System, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Stratégies antivirales, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale – Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity (BMPV), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center [Frederick], U.S. Social Security Administration, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecoscience Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], Department of Biology, Kansas State University, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland (UQ), Public Health England [Porton Down, Salisbury], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Faculty of Medicine-Laval University [Québec], Okayama University [Okayama], Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, Texas], A&M University, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), The University of Auckland, Centre for Experimental Medicine [Queen’s University of Belfast], Hokkaido University, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale – Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Duke NUS Medical School, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Columbia University [New York], Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, University of Warwick [Coventry], Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Huazhong Agricultural University [Wuhan] (HZAU), Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory [Melbourne, Australia] (VIDRL), Kyoto University, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030106 microbiology, Genome, Viral, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Genus, Phylogenetics, Virology, Gene Order, Viral, Mononegavirales, Phylogeny, Order Mononegavirales, Genome, biology, General Medicine, Pneumovirus, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Taxonomy (biology)
Abstract

International audience; In 2017, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by the inclusion of a total of 69 novel species. Five new rhabdovirus genera and one new nyamivirus genus were established to harbor 41 of these species, whereas the remaining new species were assigned to already established genera. Furthermore, non-Latinized binomial species names replaced all paramyxovirus and pneumovirus species names, thereby accomplishing application of binomial species names throughout the entire order. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

Published
2017
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8. Inter-laboratory evaluation of the performance parameters of a Lateral Flow Test device for the detection of Bluetongue virus-specific antibodies

Author

Matthias Deruelle, Frank Koenen, Bernd Hoffmann, Kris De Clercq, Valerie Vandenberge, Lihong Liu, Emmanuel Bréard, Jean-Baptiste Hanon, Carrie Batten, Ilse De Leeuw, Stéphan Zientara, Steven Van Borm, Yves Van der Stede, Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), BBSRC Pirbright Institute, Partenaires INRAE, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and European Commission 7th framework programme (EU FP 7) collaborative scientific project [2012-01-30]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Serotype, Laboratory Proficiency Testing, Veterinary medicine, Serial dilution, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cattle Diseases, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic, Cross Reactions, Antibodies, Viral, Sensitivity and Specificity, Bluetongue, Chromatography, Affinity, Virus, Serology, 0403 veterinary science, Lateral flow test, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Animals, Medicine, Serologic Tests, Cooperative Behavior, Seroconversion, Sheep, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Ruminants, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Repeatability, Proficiency test, 3. Good health, Pen-side test, 030104 developmental biology, Lateral Flow Test, Cattle, Immuno-chromatographic strip, business, Bluetongue virus, Kappa
Abstract

International audience; Bluetongue (BT) is a viral vector-borne disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. In this study, a commercial rapid immuno-chromatographic method or Lateral Flow Test (LFT) device, for the detection of BT virus-specific antibodies in animal serum, was evaluated in an international inter laboratory proficiency test. The evaluation was done with sera samples of variable background (ruminant species, serotype, field samples, experimental infections, vaccinated animals). The diagnostic sensitivity was 100% (95% C.I. [90.5-100]) and the diagnostic specificity was 95.2% (95% C.I. [76.2-99.9]). The repeatability (accordance) and reproducibility (concordance) were 100% for seropositive samples but were lower for two of the seronegative samples (45% and 89% respectively). The analytical sensitivity, evaluated by testing positive sera at increasing dilutions was better for the BT LFT compared to some commercial ELISAs. Seroconversion of an infected sheep was detected at 4 days post infection. Analytical specificity was impaired by cross-reactions observed with some of the samples seropositive for Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV). The agreement (Cohen's kappa) between the LFT and a commercial BT competitive ELISA was 0.79 (95% CI [0.62-0.95]). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the BT LFT device is a rapid and sensitive first-line serological test that can be used in the field, especially in areas endemic for the disease where there is a lack of diagnostic facilities.

Published
2016
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9. Full-genome sequencing of four bluetongue virus serotype 11 viruses

Author

Corinne Sailleau, Bernd Hoffmann, K. De Clercq, F. Vandenbussche, Jennifer Richardson, Stéphan Zientara, Emmanuel Bréard, Michael Eschbaumer, Toon Rosseel, Cyril Viarouge, Alexandra Desprat, Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Belgian Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain 2009/13, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), European Project: 245266,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,ORBIVAC(2010), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)

Subjects
Serotype, full-genome sequencing, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Virulence, Genome, Viral, Biology, Serogroup, Bluetongue, Genome, Virus, bluetongue virus, Animals, Phylogeny, Whole genome sequencing, Sheep, Base Sequence, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Strain (biology), Vaccination, Viral Vaccines, General Medicine, BTV-11, Virology, 3. Good health, Europe, Martinique
Abstract

International audience; Recently, a contamination incident was described in which the challenge inoculum used in a bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) vaccination trial was contaminated with a BTV-11 virus that was closely related to the Belgian BTV-11 virus from 2008. This study reports the first complete genome sequences of four BTV-11 viruses: the BTV-11 contaminant, BTV-11 reference strain, BTV-11 vaccine strain and a recently isolated BTV-11 field strain from Martinique. Full-genome analysis showed that these viruses belong to serotype 11/nucleotype A and cluster together with other western topotype bluetongue viruses. Detailed comparisons of the genomes further indicated that the contaminant was derived from the BTV-11 reference strain, as they were distinguished by a single synonymous nucleotide substitution. The previously reported partial sequence of genome segment 2 of the Belgian BTV-11 was found to be identical to that of the BTV-11 vaccine strain, indicating that it most likely was the BTV-11 vaccine strain. These findings also suggest that the BTV-11 contaminant and the Belgian BTV-11 are not the same viruses. Finally, comparison of the reference and vaccine strain did not allow determining the amino acid substitutions that contribute to the attenuated phenotype.

Published
2015
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10. Schmallenberg virus experimental infection of sheep

Author

Celine Leroux-Barc, Nathalie Pozzi, Eve Laloy, Pierre Sarradin, Anette Bøtner, Mickaël Riou, Stéphan Zientara, Louise Lohse, Claire Ponsart, Martin Beer, Bernd Hoffmann, Angele Breithaupt, Emmanuel Bréard, Cyril Viarouge, Kerstin Wernike, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Laboratoire National de Contrôle des Reproducteurs (LNCR), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Germany Federal Ministry of Food Agriculture and consumer protection - European Union

Subjects
Male, Orthobunyavirus, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sheep Diseases, Spleen, Bunyaviridae Infections, Microbiology, Virus, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Experimental infection, 030304 developmental biology, Subclinical infection, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Sheep, General Veterinary, biology, Schmallenberg virus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Europe, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein, RNA, Viral, Female, Lymph, Antibody, Viral load
Abstract

International audience; Since late 2011, a novel orthobunyavirus, named Schmallenberg virus (SBV), has been implicated in many cases of severely malformed bovine and ovine offspring in Europe. In adult cattle, SBV is known to cause a mild transient disease; clinical signs include short febrile episodes, decreased milk production and diarrhoea for a few days. However, the knowledge about clinical signs and pathogenesis in adult sheep is limited. In the present study, adult sheep of European domestic breeds were inoculated with SBV either as cell culture grown virus or as virus with no history of passage in cell cultures. Various experimental set-ups were used. Sampling included blood collection at different time points during the experimental period and selected organ material at autopsy. Data from this study showed, that the RNAemic period in sheep was as short as reported for cattle; viral genome was detectable for about 3-5 days by real-time RT-PCR. In total, 13 out of 30 inoculated sheep became RNAemic, with the highest viral load in animals inoculated with virus from low cell culture passaged or the animal passaged material. Contact animals remained negative throughout the study. One RNAemic sheep showed diarrhoea for several days, but fever was not recorded in any of the animals. Antibodies were first detectable 10-14 days post inoculation. Viral RNA was detectable in spleen and lymph nodes up to day 44 post inoculation. In conclusion, as described for cattle, SBV-infection in adult sheep predominantly results in subclinical infection, transient RNAemia and a specific antibody response. Maintenance of viral RNA in the lymphoreticular system is observed for an extended period.

Published
2013
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11. Contamination in bluetongue virus challenge experiments

Author

Bernd Hoffmann, Emmanuel Bréard, Michael Eschbaumer, Regula Wäckerlin, Giovanni Savini, Corinne Sailleau, Stéphan Zientara, Martin Beer, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Instuto G.Caporale, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Virologie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)

Subjects
Serotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Cattle Diseases, Sheep Diseases, Biology, Antibodies, Viral, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Bluetongue, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Contamination, Chlorocebus aethiops, Animals, Challenge, Serotyping, Vero Cells, DNA Primers, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Sheep, Orbivirus, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, 030306 microbiology, Inoculation, Vaccination, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Viral Vaccines, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Serotype-specific RT-PCR, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Infectious Diseases, Equipment Contamination, Molecular Medicine, Capsid Proteins, Cattle, Bluetongue virus
Abstract

Five cattle and five sheep that had never been exposed to bluetongue virus (BTV), as well as ten animals that had been experimentally infected with BTV-8, were inoculated with BTV-1. Previous exposure to BTV-8 did not prevent a second infection with another serotype. After the experiment, the BTV-1 preparation was found to be contaminated with BTV-15. The inoculum and blood samples taken during the experiment were analysed by serotype-specific real-time RT-PCR. There was 100-fold less BTV-15 than BTV-1 in the inoculum. Unexpectedly, BTV-15 dominated the infection in cattle that had previously been exposed to BTV-8. In sheep of both groups, on the other hand, BTV-1 prevailed over the contaminant. Regardless of the outcome, the incident demonstrates the need for a thorough contamination screening of virus preparations. For this purpose, two type-specific RT-PCR primer sets for each of the 24 established BTV serotypes as well as Toggenburg Orbivirus were designed.

Published
2011
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12. The UL49 gene product of BoHV-1: a major factor in efficient cell-to-cell spread

Author

Harald Granzow, Sascha Trapp, Martin Beer, Donata Kalthoff, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Infectology, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health - Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, and Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich

Subjects
Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial, Genes, Viral, Mutant, Clone (cell biology), Biology, Virus Replication, Virus, Cell Line, Gene product, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral Proteins, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Virology, Animals, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine, Viral Structural Proteins, 0303 health sciences, Bacterial artificial chromosome, Virulence, 030306 microbiology, Herpesviridae Infections, 3. Good health, Open reading frame, Viral replication, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Cattle, Gene Deletion
Abstract

International audience; The role of the UL49 gene product, VP22, of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in virus replication was characterized with respect to a putative functional interaction of VP22 with the viral glycoprotein E (gE) during BoHV-1 cell-to-cell spread. Deletion of the open reading frames of UL49 and/or gE from an infectious BoHV-1 bacterial artificial chromosome clone did not severely impair the production of viral progeny in single-step growth experiments. However, plaque sizes induced by a VP22-negative BoHV-1 were reduced by 52%, whilst for the gE/VP22-negative double-deletion mutant a reduction of 83% could be observed in comparison with parental and revertant viruses, which was consistent with a marked reduction in multi-step growth experiments at early time points. These results suggest that gE and VP22 are important for BoHV-1 cell-to-cell spread, and that both are likely to act independently of each other in a critical pathway for virus cell-to-cell spread.

Published
2008
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13. Genetic characterisation of attenuated SAD rabies virus strains used for oral vaccination of wildlife

Author

Noël Tordo, Nicholas Johnson, Aline Beckert, Franz Josef Conraths, Reto Zanoni, Anthony R. Fooks, Denise A. Marston, Susann Schares, Thomas Müller, Lorraine M. McElhinney, Bernd Hoffmann, Jeannette Kliemt, Lutz Geue, Christina Schnick, Conrad M. Freuling, Institute of Epidemiology (IfE), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Stratégies Antivirales, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Foxes, Sequence Homology, MESH: Base Sequence, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: INDEL Mutation, chemistry.chemical_compound, INDEL Mutation, MESH: Animals, MESH: Sequence Homology, Mononegavirales, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Recombination, Genetic, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: Rabies Vaccines, 3. Good health, MESH: Rabies virus, Vaccination, Europe, Infectious Diseases, MESH: RNA, Viral, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Molecular Medicine, RNA, Viral, MESH: Recombination, Genetic, MESH: Genome, Viral, psychological phenomena and processes, Rabies, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Sequence Alignment, Genome, Viral, Vaccines, Attenuated, behavioral disciplines and activities, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Rabies, mental disorders, MESH: Vaccines, Attenuated, medicine, Animals, Lyssavirus, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Foxes, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, Rabies virus, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Rhabdoviridae, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, chemistry, Rabies Vaccines, MESH: Europe, Vaccinia, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, Sequence Alignment
Abstract

International audience; The elimination of rabies from the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Western Europe has been achieved by the oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of wildlife with a range of attenuated rabies virus strains. With the exception of the vaccinia rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine (VRG), all strains were originally derived from a common ancestor; the Street Alabama Dufferin (SAD) field strain. However, after more than 30 years of ORV it is still not possible to distinguish these vaccine strains and there is little information on the genetic basis for their attenuation. We therefore sequenced and compared the full-length genome of five commercially available SAD vaccine viruses (SAD B19, SAD P5/88, SAG2, SAD VA1 and SAD Bern) and four other SAD strains (the original SAD Bern, SAD VA1, ERA and SAD 1-3670 Wistar). Nucleotide sequencing allowed identifying each vaccine strain unambiguously. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of the currently used commercial attenuated rabies virus vaccines appear to be derived from SAD B19 rather than from SAD Bern. One commercially available vaccine virus did not contain the SAD strain mentioned in the product information of the producer. Two SAD vaccine strains appeared to consist of mixed genomic sequences. Furthermore, in-del events targeting A-rich sequences (in positive strand) within the 3' non-coding regions of M and G genes were observed in SAD-derivates developed in Europe. Our data also supports the idea of a possible recombination that had occurred during the derivation of the European branch of SAD viruses. If confirmed, this recombination event would be the first one reported among RABV vaccine strains.

Published
2007
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14. Point Mutations in the Glycoprotein Ectodomain of Field Rabies Viruses Mediate Cell Culture Adaptation through Improved Virus Release in a Host Cell Dependent and Independent Manner.

Author

Nitschel S, Zaeck LM, Potratz M, Nolden T, Te Kamp V, Franzke K, Höper D, Pfaff F, and Finke S

Subjects
Animals, Antibodies, Viral blood, Antigens, Viral metabolism, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Line, Dogs, Glycoproteins genetics, Glycosylation, Point Mutation genetics, Rabies virology, Viral Envelope Proteins metabolism, Viral Proteins genetics, Virion metabolism, Virulence genetics, Virus Replication genetics, Antigens, Viral genetics, Rabies virus genetics, Viral Envelope Proteins genetics, Virus Release genetics
Abstract

Molecular details of field rabies virus (RABV) adaptation to cell culture replication are insufficiently understood. A better understanding of adaptation may not only reveal requirements for efficient RABV replication in cell lines, but may also provide novel insights into RABV biology and adaptation-related loss of virulence and pathogenicity. Using two recombinant field rabies virus clones (rRABV Dog and rRABV Fox), we performed virus passages in three different cell lines to identify cell culture adaptive mutations. Ten passages were sufficient for the acquisition of adaptive mutations in the glycoprotein G and in the C-terminus of phosphoprotein P. Apart from the insertion of a glycosylation sequon via the mutation D247N in either virus, both acquired additional and cell line-specific mutations after passages on BHK (K425N) and MDCK-II (R346S or R350G) cells. As determined by virus replication kinetics, complementation, and immunofluorescence analysis, the major bottleneck in cell culture replication was the intracellular accumulation of field virus G protein, which was overcome after the acquisition of the adaptive mutations. Our data indicate that limited release of extracellular infectious virus at the plasma membrane is a defined characteristic of highly virulent field rabies viruses and we hypothesize that the observed suboptimal release of infectious virions is due to the inverse correlation of virus release and virulence in vivo.

Published
2021
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