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The background of this research is to want to know the technological developments that exist in the intelligent transportation system, by knowing the developments it will be able to add to the repertoire of research and deepen similar research. The method used in this research is to conduct a literature review, by reading many journals that can be the basis for this research, reading will be able to develop the problems that have been researched. The problem raised in this research is wanting to know technological developments in the smart transportation system and making one example of a system that will be developed in smart transportation. This research will produce technological technologies that can be developed in smart transportation systems, and provide examples of research that can be developed on smart transportation systems.

Smart cities—being equipped with connected infrastructure—receive significant real-time traffic data. In this paper, a data-driven connected corridor traffic simulation model, i.e., a digit...

Intelligent transport system cyber security deals and focusses on the problems related to cyber-security of transport system. As the transport system starts to get intelligent, more the vulnerable for cyber-attacks. Here we have basically dealt with cyber security for both intelligent vehicles and the infrastructure of intelligent transportation system. The overview of automotive requirement specification, Elicitation and validation with verification is highlighted in this review report. And more elaboration towards security requirement definition and method to improve the security requirement in advanced automotive technology.

Autonomous vehicles have the potential to revolutionize the automotive industry and are gaining immense attention from academia as well as industry. However, facets of autonomous vehicle systems related to the interconnection of independent components pose vulnerabilities to the system. These vulnerabilities aren’t guaranteed to be solved by traditional security methods. Blockchain technology is a powerful tool that can aid in improving trust and reliability in such systems. This paper provides a survey on how blockchain can help improve not only security but also other aspects of the AV systems, focussing on the two major blockchain ecosystems as of this writing - Ethereum and Bitcoin. Our survey found that blockchain technology can assist in different use cases related to AVs, such as providing shared storage, enhancing security, optimizing vehicular functionalities, and enhancing related industries. This paper suggests directions for improvement in the sectors of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), which can be achieved with the incorporation of blockchain into Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) or individual vehicular units.

Finite capacity of network resources and enormous data generated by vehicles using safety and comfort applications, have made network congestion a challenge to manage in Heterogeneous Vehicular Network (HetVNET). In this paper, we propose a reliable network congestion model based on a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), which is a supervised machine learning algorithm to predict network congestion in HetVNET. We have evaluated the performance of our proposed network congestion prediction model using a Cross-Validation test approach. Numerical results show that the proposed linear congestion prediction model is reliable, which can explain and support variability of the response as well. Moreover, we have weighted effectiveness of each considered HetVNET parameters, in association with congestion situation in HetVNET.

The paper reviews the vehicle detection methods using the intrusive and non-intrusive sensors. The objective of literature review is to summarize the sensors and technologies used in vehicle detection and traffic estimation. Integrating these sensors will give vital information by communicating with the monitoring station related to the presence of the vehicle on the road. Sensors and communicating technologies have a widespread application in intelligent transportation systems. The modern devices and technologies are discussed that determine the vehicle count, classification, location, speed, traffic volume, density, traffic estimation. Sensors fusion can further integrate information from different sources and provides more accuracy.

Vehicle detection is one of the fundamental tasks in the ITS (intelligent transportation system). Although automatic vehicle sensors have already been deployed to retrieve real-time traffic data, these sensors suffer from high deployment costs, resulting in limited deployment at high traffic roads. This paper presents a new approach of vehicle sensing using sidewalk microphones. We install stereo microphones at one side of a road and draw a sound map, i.e., a time-difference map of vehicle sound on the two microphones. A state-machine based algorithm analyzes vehicle passing drawn a sound map to detect vehicles. A simple image processing technique is applied to a sound map prior to analysis to reduce false negative detections. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that our vehicle sensing system successfully detected vehicles with an F-measure of 0.92. This paper also presents big challenges we are facing to extend our system to multi-lane high traffic roads.

There have been proposals and even some successful deployments (by official bodies) of various road safety and traffic control systems. Emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Image Processing have found effective uses for developing the same. Although road security hasn’t been considered a very pushing topic. Particular motorways hold severe significance when it comes to a nation; security concerns. And hence it is very crucial for these motorways to have security systems in place and sometimes even have officials deployed for checking all passing vehicles which seem vulnerable to them using barriers and other equipment. Two peculiar problems that come into the picture when considering road security are first, lack of availability of automated, intelligent and feasible systems on motorways that can detect vulnerabilities in passing automobiles and second, knowability and visibility of any security mechanism used for checking the vehicles is an easy task for anyone traveling by the road under surveillance. The prior makes it easy for malevolent individuals (one’s carrying any illegal weapons, equipment, etc.) to escape and the latter makes them well aware about which security-checks they will have to tackle to surpass the checking zones without being caught red-handed. Hence need for a system which eliminates these two problems becomes vital to increase the security of motorways. This chapter introduces an intelligent cop assisting system TIE (The Invisible Eye). The system senses parameters that aren’t direct knowable by anyone at their first glance on the vehicle like weight, etc. and make them available to the security personnel(s) deployed to check those vehicles. Also, the system would provide a vulnerability index and it can be deployed in an unnoticeable way.

Collectively, process simulation is an intricate element within an intelligent transport system (ITS); arrange of modeling techniques and subsequent transition operations also form components of such a system. Although the ITS incorporates asset of process automations such as systematic prototypes and simulation, it also integrates computational modeling, and therefore, efficient operational transitions. Processes such as automation, modeling, and operational transitions are at the core of a fastidious ITS. Accordingly, these system elements need to be holistically integrated and amalgamated through effective computationbased methods. Fittingly, the main objective of this study is to examine the utilization of process automation- and computation-based methods as the basis for ITS integration perspectives. In doing so, Sydney Metro will be included as a case study to further elucidate such integration processes.

The reason behind all the physical objects linked to the internet in the interactive word is only the internet of things. It allows easy access of all the physical things thus reducing the human effort or with no effect. It outspreads the connectivity beyond the commonly used devices such as desktop, personal computer to the various and different range of device such as sensor which is one of the embedded technologies and thereby allow them to communicate and interact with the external environment through internet. Internet of Things is established in numerous field such as medicine, power, gene therapies, smart cities, smart homes. This paper contains architecture of Internet of Things and its various applications.

Short-term traffic speed prediction is one of the most critical components of an intelligent transportation system ITS. The accurate and real-time prediction of traffic speeds can support travellers' route choices and traffic guidance/control. In this article, a support vector machine model single-step prediction model composed of spatial and temporal parameters is proposed. Furthermore, a short-term traffic speed prediction model is developed based on the single-step prediction model. To test the accuracy of the proposed short-term traffic speed prediction model, its application is illustrated using GPS data from taxis in Foshan city, China. The results indicate that the error of the short-term traffic speed prediction varies from 3.31% to 15.35%. The support vector machine model with spatial-temporal parameters exhibits good performance compared with an artificial neural network, a k-nearest neighbor model, a historical data-based model, and a moving average data-based model.

In addition to the sufficient studies and researches those have been conducted regarding the vehicular network communications field, this paper introduces a hybrid vehicular network communications scenario, which involves the three existed vehicular network scenarios, which are Vehicle-to-Vehicle, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, and Vehicle-to-Roadside communications systems. With taking into the consideration the sustainability of the transmission power, distance, and the effective transmission range, which all determine the total time available for the effective data exchanging process. Therefore, the expected successfully delivered messages could be estimated. Using two different technologies, Wi-Fi and ZigBee, considering the worst-case scenario, the system recorded as high as 5600 and 550 packages, respectively, which would clearly judge the system efficiency. With respect to the system’s main goal, which is to deliver at least one package per one travelling vehicle, the transmission power could be minimized in favor of insuring a longer propagation time.

In this paper, the attention is focused on the design of a decentralized ITS architecture for distributing management tasks in a vehicular environment. Each decentralized node is able to acquire data from vehicular environment. Taking advantages of fog computing will be possible to faster respond to network dynamics by locally analyze data for checking anomalies on vehicular traffic trends. If something is going wrong, local system will be able to face off the anomaly by taking a decision on traffic flows. In this paper, we investigate if local policies help to tackle traffic issues identified by low severity degree. If the severity of the recognized problem raises up, we propose a cooperative strategy among decentralized ITS nodes. This will help to achieve a connected and distributed networks able to address complex vehicular traffic problems such as collisions, traffic jams, and so on.

This paper proposes driver assistant system architecture based on image processing techniques. A camera is mounted on the vehicle front window to detect the road lane markings and determine the vehicle's position with respect to the lane lines. A modified approach is proposed to accelerate the HT process in a computationally efficient manner, thereby making it suitable for real-time lane detection. The acquired image sequences are analyzed and processed by the proposed system, which automatically detects the lane lines. The experimental results show that the system works successfully for lane line detection and lane departure prediction.

Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology is one of the main candidate solutions for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This paper presents a comprehensive study on VLC based anti-rear-end collision scheme on the highway. A detailed VLC based rear-end collision avoidance model is proposed with theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.

International audience; The ability to evaluate wheel-rail adhesion of trains on rail tracks is important in various fields of Intelligent Transportation System ITS: Environment Perception, Safety and Driver Support, Automatic Driving, Transport Management. Adhesion is degraded when rails are polluted. Each pollution material has its proper impact on adhesion. Moreover, each material (due to its composition) reflects the light in its own way, allowing it to differentiate itself from others. In this paper we will characterise recurrent rail pollutant using a custom light and spectrometer system and associate each spectrum with an adhesion or friction coefficient.

This is the accepted manuscript version of the following article: Xiaofeng He, et al., “A 14-mW PLL-less receiver in 0.18-μm CMOS for Chinese electronic toll collection standard”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 61(10): 763-767, August 2014. The final published version is available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6871304/ © 2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

With the continuous application and development of ITS, the nodes in VANET have more decision-making ability based on the enhancement of the computing power . It is known that TSF cares about the accurate Infrastructure-to-vehicle delivery. However, it requires all the intersections in the VANET have their stationary nodes, taking a lot of resources and thus making it difficult to be applied directly. This paper presents Data Forwarding based on Distributed-region for Multi-hop Infrastructure-to-vehicle data delivery ,which could guarantee the data delivery delay with the demanding probability, maximizing the effective use of the frequency resources and decreasing the delivery delay jitter in Infrastructure-to-vehicle delivery. The simulation result is consistent with the effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm.

Taking use of industry configuration technology in intelligent transportation system (ITS) can solve the problem of close attention to various components and high requirements on technical ability. In this paper, a configuration control is applied to establish remote monitoring on intersection traffic lights. This application can remedy the limitation in graphics when programming in software development. Practice shows that this method has the characteristics, simple to use, visual in effect and has considerable practical value.

This paper conducts research on the algorithm to improve the location of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The localization algorithm introduced an improved RSSI vehicle localization algorithm based on multi-path effect and Gaussian white noise. The localization results under different values of Gaussian white noise and different density of beacon nodes are analyzes, and Kalman filtering algorithm is introduced to reduce the influence of signal noise. Finally, a simulation model of ITS is developed to test the algorithm based on mixed noise and Kalman filtering algorithm, which is used to simulate the localization of real vehicles. The simulation shows the algorithm has effect to improve location accuracy and to application

With the rapid development of economy, the role of transportation is getting more and more highlighted. It has a great increase of various transport and private vehicles which will be followed by the problems such as congestions, accidents and the pollution; however, it is infeasible to ease the traffic pressure by improving the road infrastructure only. How to use modern science and technology and schedule transportation sufficiently and reasonably to avoid the above problems is the main purpose for this research. This paper took advantage of the background-difference method [1-to get the vehicle count in accordance with MATLAB image processing technology.

Developed a lane changing assistance system that advises drivers of safe gaps for making lane changes. Minimum Bayes risk decision and the minimum error Bayes decision used by the lane changes model and the decision making based on Bayesian networks is proposed. The U.S. Highway 101 vehicle trajectory data set from the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) were used for model training and testing. Aim to predicted driver decisions on whether to change or not. By using this method, the minimum Bayes risk decision prediction accuracy was 66.00% for non-change events and 79.92% for change events, and the minimum error Bayes decision prediction accuracy was 73.35% for non-change events and 84.10% for change events.

The advanced transportation management and information systems (ATMIS) are strengthening the capability of collecting multi-source traffic data constantly from the road networks. Considering the fundamental role of dynamic Origin-Destination data for many advanced traffic management systems, it is promising to apply the multi-source traffic data to improve the dynamic OD estimation. Targeting dynamic OD data estimation, the classical OD data estimation approaches are discussed, and a framework of dynamic OD estimation based on multi-source traffic data is proposed and analyzed. Future researches are recommended in the end.

Incorporating the ITS in traffic flow, two lattice hydrodynamic models considering the following lattice are proposed to study the influence of the following lattice on traffic flow stability. The results from the linear stability theory show that considering the following lattice could lead to the improvement of the traffic flow stability. The modified Korteweg-de Vries equations (the mKdV equation, for short) near the critical point are derived by using the nonlinear perturbation method to show that the traffic jam could be described by the kink-antikink soliton solutions for the mKdV equations.

The dissertation discusses the significance of this thesis of current Intelligent Transportation System forward from the present research as a starting point; secondly, by analyzing the existing problem, we describe the necessity of leading the IOT technology into ITS; finally, we can prove that the new architecture of ITS in IOT can surpass the existing Intelligent Transportation System.

According to the problem of traffic congestion, intelligent vehicle and intelligent transportation system came into being. This paper mainly introduces the development of intelligent vehicle (IV) and intelligent transportation system(ITS), summarizes the active safety system, expounds the research content of ITS, and makes outlook for the development direction of ITS and IV.

Traffic congestion is a problem that often occurs in the big cities in Indonesia. It is caused by very rapid increase of vehicle. The offered solution is to monitor the traffic situation automatically. We implemented the method of detecting vehicle during night in four single board computers (SBC) that are: Raspberry Pi B+, Beagleboard Xm, Raspberry Pi 2 and Odroid XU4. Perfomance of Odroid XU4 exceed other single board computers in which the maximum fps obtained 30 frame per second(fps) and the maximum accuracy of vehicle detection reached 98 percent.

The construction of Intelligent Transportation Systems has been increasingly valued by countries worldwide. A proper mechanism for promoting the construction of Intelligent Transportation Systems is very important for the smooth development of these Systems. Based on the construction of Intelligent Transportation Systems in foreign countries, this article intends to analyze the development modes, organizational settings, as well as the formulation of appropriate policies and standards. It then sums up the valuable experience for the construction of China’s Intelligent Transportation Systems.

Researching the development environment (DE) of urban intelligent transportation systems (UITS) can help achieve their healthy and orderly development. This article is based on the development demands of the UITS and gives a summary of the development opportunities and challenges. The analysis shows that the UITS possesses a favorable DE. National and local governments establish a range of policies to promote its development. The existing information facilities and information technology provide powerful support. However, UITS also faces a series of challenges, including management mechanisms, industrial development, availability of capital, and standards.

Three general types of applications, safety applications, traffic applications and non-safety applications, are developed over vehicular networks. Different usage frequency may occur for different applications in vehicular networks. Most of current researches only focus on the safety applications, traffic applications or non-safety applications. Actually, these applications are used by one vehicular according to his dynamic requirements. So, this paper takes these applications together into account, and corresponding access policy is proposed.

A genetic algorithm (GA) and a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) were used for optimal scheduling of public vehicles based on their actual operational environments. The performance for three kinds of vehicular levels were compared using one-point and two-point crossover operations. The vehicle scheduling times are improved by the intelligent characteristics of the GA. The HGA, which integrates the genetic algorithm with a tabu search, further improves the convergence performance and the optimization by avoiding the premature convergence of the GA. The results show that intelligent scheduling of public vehicles based on the HGA overcomes the shortcomings of traditional scheduling methods. The vehicle operation management efficiency is improved by this essential technology for intelligent scheduling of public vehicles.

To help transportation planners, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has recently sponsored the development of a sketch planning analysis tool for estimating the benefits and costs of intelligence transportation system (ITS) deployment. Called the ITS Deployment Analysis System (IDAS), the tool was developed by Cambridge Systematics for FHWA and operates as a postprocessor to traditional planning models that are based on the four-step planning process. IDAS was used to predict the likely benefits of deploying ITS in Chittenden County, Vermont, a medium-sized region in northwestern Vermont, to gain insight into IDAS’ applicability in evaluating ITS benefits. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to assess the sensitivity of IDAS’ results to the choice of values of some of the model’s parameters. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that some of the model’s parameters tend to have a more significant impact on the results than others. Finally, the results indicate that, for medium-sized areas similar to Chittenden County, coordination of signals along major arterials and transit projects for automatic vehicle location and scheduling appear to be more cost-effective than freeway and incident management systems.

Aiming to achieve 3-dB coupling, operating in fifth generation (5G) technologies, this paper introduces a new design of tight coupling coupler that will be operated in 5G technologies. Two stubs and two slots have been implemented into the 3-dB coupler design in order to achieve impedance matching between the ports and to give better coupling performances, respectively. Moreover, a study on the stubs’ and slots’ effects towards the S31 of the 3-dB coupler has also been presented in this paper. The proposed coupler is designed on Rogers RO4003C substrate. The simulation results and the analytical study on the stubs and slots implementation show that both stubs and slots affect the performance of the coupling coefficient.

Traffic congestion in Makassar has occurred over the last 3 years due to the increase of vehicle amount with the lack of adequate road space. To solve the problem, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is needed. One of the research topics in ITS is determining the turnover time of traffic lights based on the number of vehicles in the road. Viola-Jones method can be used to count the number of vehicles by detecting objects. Therefore, this study shows a simulation of the number of vehicles using the Viola-Jones method as an initial step to implement the ITS in Makassar. The data used is a front view car pictures. Simulation results show that the average accuracy rate of the detection is determined by the number of samples. For example, the average of the highest detection accuracy is 92% by using 150 positive samples and 300 negative samples were applied to 30 test samples.