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The unprecedented economic growth in recent decades has cultivated the exploitation of natural resources and over-consumption, leading to ecological deterioration and sustainability. The ever-increasing consumption in developing countries is creating a significant environmental strain. Thus, the industry and consumers' environmental issues and their harmful effects on human health have led to concerns among researchers, scientists, academic communities, and policymakers. The present work examines the impact of different consumption value factors on sustainable consumption behavior concerning consumer choice in Pakistan and China. A cross-sectional study is conducted, and data are collected through a primary source questionnaire. A sample of 431 respondents is chosen from different cities in Pakistan, and a sample of 342 respondents is selected from China. Estimation techniques like descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, multicollinearity, R square, independent sample t-test, the coefficient of correlation, and regression analysis are used for the data analysis. The comparative results show that knowledge values (KVs) and emotional values (EMVs) significantly influence the choice behavior of respondents toward environmentally friendly products both in Pakistan and China. In contrast, social values (SVs) and conditional values (CVs) show insignificant influence. Furthermore, functional values (FVs) are significant in Pakistan while insignificant in the context of China, and environmental values (EVs) are significant in China although insignificant in Pakistan with regard to sustainable consumption behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication as part of emerging 5G wireless networks presents a new paradigm for enhancing the performance of traditional cellular networks. The number of devices connected over the internet is dramatically increasing, and cellular operators are struggling to harness the overwhelming data traffic on their networks. D2D communication in a cellular network allows two cellular devices in close proximity to communicate directly with each other without going through the base station. D2D communication faces various challenges that include device discovery, resource allocation, interference and security; however, the security aspects of D2D are not sufficiently addressed. Due to limited computing capability and energy-constrained D2D devices, effective and lightweight security solutions are required for enabling successful D2D capability. To secure D2D communication, session key establishment is the most vital task. Public Key Cryptography (PKC) is the most widely used cryptosystem and have numerous security applications such as encryption, digital signature, and key exchange. This work analyses the performance of three PKC protocols that are commonly used for session key establishment and exchange, namely, Diffie-Hellman (DH), Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH), with a focus on D2D communication. We performed extensive simulations for DH, RSA and ECDH, in D2D communication scenarios using OMNET++ simulator and explored the effect of various network factors on key establishment delays such as network size, the impact of interference between D2D pairs and the effect of interference from cellular users upon D2D users as well. The results reported in this paper can provide significant insight in assessing the suitability of DH, RSA and ECDH for the key establishment for D2D in 5G networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]