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Photodynamic bonds are stable in the dark and can reversibly dissociate/form under light irradiation. Photodynamic bonds are promising building blocks for responsive or healable materials, photoactivated drugs, nanocarriers, extracellular matrices, etc. However, reactive intermediates from photodynamic bonds usually lead to side reactions, which limit the use of photodynamic bonds. Here, we report that the Ru-Se coordination bond is a new photodynamic bond that reversibly dissociates under mild visible-light-irradiation conditions. We observed that Ru-Se bonds form via the coordination of a selenoether ligand with [Ru(tpy)(biq)(H2O)]Cl2 (tpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, biq = 2,2'-biquinoline) in the dark, while the Ru-Se bond reversibly dissociates under visible-light irradiation. No side reaction is detected in the formation and dissociation of Ru-Se bonds. To demonstrate that the Ru-Se bond is applicable to different operating environments, we prepared photoresponsive amphiphiles, surfaces, and polymer gels using Ru-Se bonds. The amphiphiles with Ru-Se bonds showed reversible morphological transitions between spherical micelles and bowl-shaped assemblies for dark/light irradiation cycles. The surfaces modified with Ru-Se-bond-containing compounds showed photoswitchable wettability. Polymer gels with Ru-Se cross-links underwent photoinduced reversible sol-gel transitions, which can be used for reshaping and healing. Our work demonstrates that the Ru-Se bond is a new type of dynamic bond, which can be used for constructing responsive, reprocessable, switchable, and healable materials that work in a variety of environments.

Metallodrugs are widely used in cancer treatment. The modification of metallodrugs with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) prolongs blood circulation and improves drug accumulation in tumors; it represents a general strategy for drug delivery. However, PEGylation hinders cellular internalization and tumor penetration, which reduce therapeutic efficacy. Herein, the red-light-enhanced cellular internalization and tumor penetration of a PEGylated anticancer agent, PEGylated Ru complex (Ru-PEG), are reported upon. Ru-PEG contains a red-light-cleavable PEG ligand, anticancer Ru complex moiety, and fluorescent pyrene group for imaging and self-assembly. Ru-PEG self-assembles into vesicles that circulate in the bloodstream and accumulate in the tumors. Red-light irradiation induces dePEGylation and changes the Ru-PEG vesicles to large compound micelles with smaller diameters and higher zeta potentials, which enhance tumor penetration and cellular internalization. Red-light irradiation also generates intracellular

Hazrat Bilal,1 Tayyab Ur Rehman,2 Muhammad Asif Khan,2 Fareeha Hameed,2 Zhang Gao Jian,1 Jianxiong Han,1 Xingyuan Yang1 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Sciences and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, PakistanCorrespondence: Xingyuan YangFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, No, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail xingyuan@ahu.edu.cnPurpose: The multiple-drug resistant Escherichia coli are among the deadliest pathogens causing life-threatening infections. This study was planned to determine the molecular epidemiology of mcr-1, blaKPC-2, and blaNDM-1 harboring clinically isolated E. coli from Pakistan.Methods: In total, 545 strains of E. coli from clinical samples were collected from June 2018 to September 2019. All the isolates were screened for colistin-resistance, extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBL), and carbapenemases through the micro-dilution method, Double-Disk-Synergy-Test (DDST), and Modified-Hodge-Test (MHT). The detection, sequence-typing, conjugal transfer, S1-PFGE, plasmid-replicon-typing, and southern-blotting for mcr, ESBL, and carbapenemase-encoding genes were performed.Findings: A total of four (0.73%) colistin-resistant strains carrying alongside mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes, three of these strains also had the blaTEM-1 gene. The presence of ESBL genes was detected in 139 (25.5%) isolates harboring blaCTXM-15 (74.82%), blaTEM (34.53%), blaSHV (28.06%) and blaOXA-1 (28.78%). In 129 carbapenemase-producers, 35.83% possessed blaNDM-1, 26.67% blaKPC-2, 8.3% blaOXA-48, 25% blaVIM-1, and 20.83% blaIMP-1 genes. The sequence typing revealed that mcr-1 harboring isolates belonged to ST405, ST117, and ST156. Fifty percent of blaKPC-2 and 48.83% of blaNDM-1 were found on ST131 and ST1196, respectively. Two rare types of STs, ST7584, and ST8671 were also identified in this study. The mcr-1 gene was located on Incl2 (60-kb) plasmid. The blaKPC-2 was present on (140-kb) IncH12, (100-kb) IncN, (90-kb) Incl1, while blaNDM-1 was located on (70-kb) IncFIIK, (140-kb) IncH12, (100-kb) IncN, (60-kb) IncA/C, and (45-kb) IncFII plasmids, which were successfully trans-conjugated. Among the plasmid types, the Incl1 carrying blaKPC-2, IncH12 harboring blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1, and IncFIIK carrying blaNDM-1 were for the first time detected in Pakistan.Conclusion: The mcr-1, blaKPC-2, and blaNDM-1 genes finding in various clonal and plasmids types indicate that a substantial selection of the resistance genes had occurred in our clinical strains.Keywords: colistin-resistance, extended-spectrum-β-lactamases, carbapenemases, mcr1, blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, plasmids, E. coli

It is challenging to treat multidrug-resistant tumors because such tumors are resistant to a broad spectrum of structurally and functionally unrelated drugs. Herein, treatment of multidrug-resistant tumors using red-light-responsive metallopolymer nanocarriers that are conjugated with the anticancer drug chlorambucil (CHL) and encapsulated with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is reported. An amphiphilic metallopolymer PolyRuCHL that contains a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block and a red-light-responsive ruthenium (Ru)-containing block is synthesized. Chlorambucil is covalently conjugated to the Ru moieties of PolyRuCHL. Encapsulation of DOX into PolyRuCHL in an aqueous solution results in DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles. The DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles are efficiently taken up by the multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF-7R and which carries DOX into the cells. Free DOX, without the nanocarriers, is not taken up by MCF-7R or pumped out of MCF-7R via P-glycoproteins. Red light irradiation of DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles triggers the release of chlorambucil-conjugated Ru moieties and DOX. Both act synergistically to inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of the growth of multidrug-resistant tumors in a mouse model using DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles is demonstrated. The design of red-light-responsive metallopolymer nanocarriers with both conjugated and encapsulated drugs opens up an avenue for photoactivated chemotherapy against multidrug-resistant tumors.

Photoresponsive materials have attracted growing interest because of their potential applications in materials science, such as photoswitches, photopatterning, information storage, and so on. However, there are some challenges for photoresponsive materials for certain applications: 1) Only a few photoresponsive surfaces are transformed into multiple states after photoreactions to adapt to changing environmental conditions; 2) Photoresponsive materials may not function properly in cold environments, especially for gels. To address these problems, we have recently developed photoresponsive materials based on ruthenium (Ru) complexes. Such Ru complexes showed a photoinduced ligand substitution under visible light irradiation. Reconfigurable surfaces that can adapt to environmental changes and photoresponsive organohydrogels that function effectively at sub‐zero temperatures have been fabricated using photoresponsive Ru complexes. Herein, it is demonstrated that based on photocontrolled Ru–ligand coordination, reconfigurable surfaces can be modified for user‐defined functions via visible light irradiation and that photoresponsive gels can function even at –20 °C. As a perspective, Ru‐containing photoresponsive complexes could open up pathways for a variety of applications.

Background: Colistin is the last resort antibiotic against multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria found in clinical infections; however, the emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene annulled the efficacy of Colistin. This study was planned to determine the prevalence of mcr genes in clinical isolates collected in Pakistan. The molecular types and plasmids of mcr-1 bearing isolates were analysed. Methods: A total of 545 E. coli isolates collected from two major cities of Pakistan were screened for colistin-resistance and mcr genes from June 2018 to September 2019. All positive strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ESBL, and MBL detection via DDST and CDT. ESBL genes detection, molecular typing, conjugation experiment, plasmid replicon typing, S1 PFGE, and southern hybridization were performed. Results: Four (0.73%) strains of mcr-1 positive isolates were susceptible to meropenem, fosfomycin, and chloramphenicol, including one that showed moderate level resistance to chloramphenicol and fosfomycin. All four strains were ESBL positive and harbored the blaCTX-M-15 gene, while three of the isolates also harbored the blaTEM-1 gene. Molecular typing revealed that four isolates belonged to diverse clonal types, mostly (75%) from avian pathogenic E. coli lineage. The mcr-1 gene was present on ~ 60 kb Incl2 plasmid, which was successfully transconjugated. Conclusion: The mcr-1 gene's detection in diverse clonal types from MDR clinical isolates enforces priority basis large scale surveillance studies followed by corrective actions to prevent the spread of the mcr-1 gene in clinical, poultry, and environmental setting.

Drug resistance is a major problem in cancer treatment. Herein, the design of a dual-responsive Pt(IV)/Ru(II) bimetallic polymer (PolyPt/Ru) to treat cisplatin-resistant tumors in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is reported. PolyPt/Ru is an amphiphilic ABA-type triblock copolymer. The hydrophilic A blocks consist of biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The hydrophobic B block contains reduction-responsive Pt(IV) and red-light-responsive Ru(II) moieties. PolyPt/Ru self-assembles into nanoparticles that are efficiently taken up by cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. Irradiation of cancer cells containing PolyPt/Ru nanoparticles with red light generates 1 O2 , induces polymer degradation, and triggers the release of the Ru(II) anticancer agent. Meanwhile, the anticancer drug, cisplatin, is released in the intracellular environment via reduction of the Pt(IV) moieties. The released Ru(II) anticancer agent, cisplatin, and the generated 1 O2 have different anticancer mechanisms; their synergistic effects inhibit the growth of drug-resistant cancer cells. Furthermore, PolyPt/Ru nanoparticles inhibit tumor growth in a PDX mouse model because they circulate in the bloodstream, accumulate at tumor sites, exhibit good biocompatibility, and do not cause side effects. The results demonstrate that the development of stimuli-responsive multi-metallic polymers provides a new strategy to overcome drug resistance.

Fatty acids have a high turnover rate in cancer cells to supply energy for tumor growth and proliferation. Lipolysis is particularly important for the regulation of fatty acid homeostasis and in the maintenance of cancer cells. In the current study, we explored how 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase (DECR1), a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase associated with mitochondrial and cytoplasmic compartments, promotes cancer cell growth. We report that DECR1 overexpression significantly reduced the triglyceride (TAG) content in HeLa cells; conversely, DECR1 silencing increased intracellular TAG content. Subsequently, our experiments demonstrate that DECR1 promotes lipolysis via effects on hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The direct interaction of DECR1 with HSL increases HSL phosphorylation and activity, facilitating the translocation of HSL to lipid droplets. The ensuing enhancement of lipolysis thus increases the release of free fatty acids. Downstream effects include the promotion of cervical cancer cell migration and growth, associated with the enhanced levels of p62 protein. In summary, high levels of DECR1 serves to enhance lipolysis and the release of fatty acid energy stores to support cervical cancer cell growth.

Three metallophthalocyanine derivatives with different central metallocores (MPcXs, X = (OC8H17OPyCH3I)8), namely, ZnPcX, VOPcX, and TiOPcX, were synthesized and applied as a cathode interlayer (CIL) in the PTB7:PC71BM based polymer solar cells (PSCs). Power conversion efficiency (PCE) values reached 8.1% for the devices with Ag as the cathode, while the PCE values could reach 8.2% for the devices with Al as the cathode. Moreover the three MPcXs led to similar device performance in the PSCs with either Ag or Al as the cathode. It indicates that central metallocores in the MPcXs have a negligible effect on the device performance. Working mechanism of the MPcX as the CIL in the PSCs has been investigated by photoemission spectroscopy. Findings of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that the MPcX as the CIL not only decreased work function of the metal cathode and electron extraction barrier from PC71BM to cathode but also functioned as a buffe...

Traditional photodynamic phototherapy is not efficient for anticancer treatment because solid tumors have a hypoxic microenvironment. The development of photoactivated chemotherapy based on photoresponsive polymers that can be activated by light in the “therapeutic window” would enable new approaches for basic research and allow for anticancer phototherapy in hypoxic conditions. This work synthesizes a novel Ru‐containing block copolymer for photoactivated chemotherapy in hypoxic tumor environment. The polymer has a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) block and a hydrophobic Ru‐containing block, which contains red‐light‐cleavable (650–680 nm) drug–Ru complex conjugates. The block copolymer self‐assembles into micelles, which can be efficiently taken up by cancer cells. Red light induces release of the drug–Ru complex conjugates from the micelles and this process is oxygen independent. The released conjugates inhibit tumor cell growth even in hypoxic tumor environment. Furthermore, the Ru‐containing polymer for photoactivated chemotherapy in a tumor‐bearing mouse model is applied. Photoactivated chemotherapy of the polymer micelles demonstrates efficient tumor growth inhibition. In addition, the polymer micelles do not cause any toxic side effects to mice during the treatment, demonstrating good biocompatibility of the system to the blood and healthy tissues. The novel red‐light‐responsive Ru‐containing polymer provides a new platform for phototherapy against hypoxic tumors.

The availability and performance of data warehouse is gradually degrading with variable requirements. The set of materialized views is far from being optimal, so it is necessary to implement the dynamic adjustment to meet the demand of the users. Since the current static algorithms are not suitable for this purpose due to their larger space search and higher time consumption, this paper proposes PMVS (Preprocessor of Materialized Views Selection), which is composed of three algorithms: QSDM (Query Set Dynamic Management), CVLC (Candidate View Lattice Construction) and CVF (Candidate View Filter). Of the three algorithms, QSDM monitors the distribution of each query and determines by hypothesis testing whether the query should be added into or discarded from the query set. Based on the given query set, CVLC is in charge of producing candidate view set, which has been proven to be sufficient and necessary for selecting the best set of materialized views. As a heuristic algorithm, CVF utilizes the data sparse in multi-dimensional datasets to remove a part of candidate views, with very limited contribution to the optimal solution. The contrastive experiment indicates that PMVS can be employed by the static algorithms to reduce the amount of previous views effectively. The cost of static algorithms on space and time can be decreased to fit online demand.

Three metallophthalocyanine derivatives: 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis-[N-ethyl-(3-pyridyloxy)]vanadylphthalocyanine bromine (1 : 8) (VOPc(OPyC2H5Br)8), 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis-[N-butyl-(3-pyridyloxy)]vanadylphthalocyanine bromine (1 : 8) (VOPc(OPyC4H9Br)8) and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis-[N-hexyl-(3-pyridyloxy)]vanadylphthalocyanine bromine (1 : 8) (VOPc(OPyC6H13Br)8) were synthesized and applied in polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on PTB7:PC71BM (PTB7 = thieno[3,4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene, PC71BM = [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acidmethyl ester) as an active layer. As a result, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of the PSCs is 7.99% for the device with VOPc(OPyC2H5Br)8 as a cathode interlayer. Although increasing the alkyl side chains attached to the pyridine functional groups of phthalocyanine leads to a slight decrease of PCE, VOPc(OPyC6H13Br)8 can form a better, denser and more uniform film on the active layer as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive spectrum mapping and contact angle measurements.

Highly efficient deep-blue emitters, especially those matching the NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) blue standard CIE (Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage) coordinate of (0.14, 0.08), are crucial for full-colour displays and white lighting. However, deep-blue emitters with excellent electroluminescence performance are rare. According to the strategy of developing highly luminescent solids by constructing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) systems, two AIE-type blue emitters, mTPE-PPI and mTPE-DPI, have been synthesized by integrating a triphenylethylene (TPE) group with one or two phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (PI) groups. The adoption of the PI unit with a large optical bandgap, the meta-linkage of the PI and the TPE units on a benzene ring, and the twisted molecular conformations of present AIE systems endow these compounds with bright blue emission in the solid state. In addition, these compounds are capable of transporting both electrons and holes and possess appropriate HOMO and LUMO levels for carrier injections. These features enable them to serve as excellent blue-emitting materials in OLEDs. A non-doped OLED based on mTPE-PPI displayed deep-blue light with the CIE coordinate of (0.15, 0.09) and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 2.30%. An analogous device with mTPE-DPI as the emitting layer emitted blue light (CIE: 0.15, 0.14) with a high EQEmax of 3.69% and low efficiency roll-off. Further improvement of device performance has been achieved by the doping technique. The doped device of mTPE-DPI was able to realize deep-blue emission (CIE: 0.15, 0.10) matching well the blue standard, meanwhile reaching a EQEmax of 5.52% that represents the highest value reported for deep-blue OLEDs based on AIE compounds.

A new π-conjugated electrolyte bis(dicyanomethylene)-quinacridone with two octyl-pyridium (DCNQA-PyBr) has been synthesized and employed as a solution-processed cathode interlayer (CIL) for polymer solar cells (PSCs). The devices exhibited simultaneously increased open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF). Overall, the PSCs with PCDTBT (poly[N-9′′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)]) as a donor and PC71BM ([6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester) as an acceptor incorporating a 13 nm DCNQA-PyBr interlayer exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.96%, which is 1.3 times of that of the Al-only device. Most importantly, compared to the reference π-conjugated electrolyte QA-PyBr, DCNQA-PyBr shows much improved electron transport ability and conductivity. As a result, the DCNQA-PyBr based devices only show a slight decrease in electron transport upon increasing the thickness of the CIL, thus allowing a high PCE with a wide CIL thickness range from 5 nm to 40 nm. Furthermore, introducing DCNQA-PyBr as a CIL into the devices based on P3HT:PC61BM (P3HT = poly(3-hexylthiophene), PC61BM = [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester) and PTB7:PC71BM (PTB7 = polythieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-co-benzodithiophene) also leads to significantly enhanced device performance, showing high PCEs of 3.91% and 8.23%, respectively. These results confirm DCNQA-PyBr to be a promising CIL material for solution-processed large-area PSCs.

Three alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins, Zn-TPyPMeI: zinc(II) meso -tetra( N -methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin tetra-iodide, Zn- TPyPAdBr: zinc(II) meso -tetra[1-(1-adamantylmethyl ketone)-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide and MnCl-TPyPAdBr: man- ganese(III) meso -tetra[1-(1-adamantylmethyl ketone)-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide were employed as cathode interlayers to fabricate polymer solar cells (PSCs). The PC71BM ([6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester) and PCDTBT (poly[ N -9"- hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole- alt -5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)])-blend films were used as active layers in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The PSCs with alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins interlayer showed obviously higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than those without interlayers. The highest PCE, 6.86%, was achieved for the device with MnCl- TPyPAdBr as an interlayer. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopic (UPS), carrier mobility, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle ( θ ) characterizations demonstrated that the porphyrin molecules can result in the formation of interfacial dipole layer between active layer and cathode. The interfacial dipole layer can obviously improve the open-circuit voltage ( V oc) and charge extraction, and sequentially lead to the increase of PCE.

A new cathode interlayer (CIL) material metallophthalocyanine (MPc) derivative 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octaoctyloxy-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa-[N-methyl-(3-pyridyloxy)] zinc-ylphthalocyanine iodide (1 : 8) (ZnPc(OC8H17OPyCH3I)8) was synthesized and applied in polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on PTB7:PC71BM (PTB7 = thieno[3,4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene, PC71BM = [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acidmethyl ester), P3HT:PC61BM (P3HT = poly(3-hexylthiophene), PC61BM = [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acidmethyl ester) or PCDTBT:PC71BM (PCDTBT = poly[N-9′′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)]) as an active layer. As a result, power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of the PSCs were 8.52%, 4.02% and 6.88%, respectively, which are much higher than those of corresponding PSCs with the Al-only cathode. It indicates that ZnPc(OC8H17OPyCH3I)8 is a new promising candidate as a universal CIL for highly efficient PSCs. Compared to VOPc(OPyCH3I)8 (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis-[N-methyl-(3-pyridyloxy)] vanadylphthalocyanine iodide (1 : 8)), the PSC with ZnPc(OC8H17OPyCH3I)8 as a CIL has higher short-circuit current and fill factor because ZnPc(OC8H17OPyCH3I)8 can form a better, denser, and more uniform film on the active layer than VOPc(OPyCH3I)8 as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive spectrum mapping on scan electron microscopy (SEM-EDS mapping) and contact angle measurements.

Alcohol-soluble isoindigo derivative with thiophene groups and sulfobetaine zwitterions, IIDTh-NSB was applied as a novel modifier of ZnO in inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs). When IIDTh-NSB (0.2 mg/mL) was spin-coated on ZnO as an electron transport layer (ETL), power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PTB7:PC71BM based i-PSCs reached 8.88%, which is a 20% improvement of that of 7.40% for the device with the ZnO-only ETL. If ZnO was doped by IIDTh-NSB of 1.0 wt %, the PCE of 8.50% could be achieved in the i-PSCs. Combined measurements of capacitance-voltage characteristics, carrier mobility, and photocurrent density-effective voltage characteristics revealed that incorporating IIDTh-NSB as the modifier of ZnO by coating or doping enhanced the built-in potential, charge carrier density and mobility, exciton dissociation, and charge carrier extraction in the i-PSCs because of the improved interfacial contact between the photoactive layer and ZnO as shown in water contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy images. Finally, impedance spectroscopy investigation provided strong lines of evidence that incorporating IIDTh-NSB as the modifier of ZnO led to the great enhancement in short-circuit current density and fill factor. Furthermore, all the devices with IIDTh-NSB as a modifier of ZnO presented better stability than the device with ZnO-only. These findings suggest that IIDTh-NSB is an effective and competitive material for modification of ZnO in the i-PSCs.

A new class of organic cathode interfacial layer (CIL) materials based on isoindigo derivatives (IID) substituted with pyridinium or sulfonate zwitterion groups were designed, synthesized, and applied in polymer solar cells (PSCs) with PTB7:PC71BM (PTB7: polythieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-co-benzodithiophene and PC71BM: [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acidmethyl ester) as an active layer. Compared with the control device, PSCs with an IID-based CIL show simultaneous enhancement of open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), and fill factor (FF). Systematic optimizations of the central conjugated core and side flexible alcohol-soluble groups demonstrated that isoindigo-based CIL material with thiophene and sulfonate zwitterion substituent groups can efficiently enhance the PSC performance. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.12%, which is 1.75 times that of the control device without CIL, was achieved for the PSC having an isoindigo-based CIL. For the PSCs with an isoindigo-based CIL, the mol...