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Estamos ante un cambio de paradigma en el que la necesidad de tener en cuenta la sostenibilidaden todos y cada uno de los ámbitos de la sociedad se hace cada vez más patente. En este contexto,los clusters industriales deben ser capaces de afrontar este reto con solvencia y, para ello, lapredisposición que muestren los futuros líderes y dirigentes empresariales se antoja imprescindible.Este trabajo ha pretendido arrojar luz sobre la percepción que los estudiantesuniversitarios, como futuros integrantes de las áreas de dirección y gestión de las empresas delos clusters industriales, tienen acerca de la sostenibilidad y de la incorporación de estrategiasmás sostenibles en las mismas. A partir de la información recogida en una muestra de 300estudiantes universitarios del Campus de Alcoy de la Universitat Politècnica de València enEspaña, el cual se encuentra ubicado en el área de influencia del cluster textil valenciano,los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación revelan un importante interés general por losaspectos vinculados a la sostenibilidad, aunque con intensidades diferenciadas según el génerode los estudiantes y la tipología, curso y nivel de los estudios cursados. Adicionalmente, losestudiantes universitarios muestran una mayor preferencia por estrategias encaminadas haciael desarrollo de infraestructuras más eficientes energéticamente y sostenibles, a la mayorincorporación de energías renovables y a procesos de innovación sostenible, entre otras. Losresultados también revelan la influencia que en estos procesos puede tener la inclusión deformación en sostenibilidad y ética medioambiental en los planes de estudio universitarios.Todas estas conclusiones pueden tener implicaciones relevantes para la investigación educativa,así como para las políticas y estrategias empresariales del cluster.

[EN] Students' academic performance has traditionally been linked to aspects centred on their personal abilities, such as cognitive skills, hours spent studying or personal motivation. However, in recent years, some research in the literature have begun to highlight the role that students' social interactions play in their performance (Johnson and Johnson 1993; Baldwin et al. 1997). These interactions create informal trust-based networks that facilitate knowledge exchange between students and enhance their learning (Gaševi¿ et al. 2013). A number a of contributions have recently found a direct relationship between students' position in these knowledge networks and their academic performance (Cho et al. 2007; Smith and Peterson 2007; Hommes et al. 2012). On the other hand, this position has also been linked to opportunities to obtain new knowledge from external sources and to creative skills. (Tomás-Miquel et al., 2016). However, in this paper, far from this static vision, we delve deeper into the dynamic view of knowledge networks among students in order to understand the academic influence exerted in university environments by students on their peers. Specifically, this paper aims to answer the following research question: do the peers of higher-achieving students improve their performance over time? To answer this question, this paper applies a stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM) to a sample of 50 students of the Business Administration and Management bachelor¿s degree at the Campus of Alcoy of the Universitat Politècnica de València in Spain. The results obtained confirm the positive influence of higher-achieving students on their lower-graded peers. Thus, lower-achieving students perform better over time as they increase their academic relationships with higher-achieving students. These results highlight the importance for universities of attracting higher-ability students, as well as mixing students into heterogeneous work groups in terms of academic performance. This would make it easier to improve the performance of less proficient students, thus preventing them from dropping out of the university. Therefore, these findings may have relevant implications for both university policy and classroom learning management.

[ES] La adaptación de la universidad al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior está llevando a la realización de cambios sustanciales en muchos aspectos vinculados a su modelo pedagógico, por ejemplo, la incorporación de metodologías activas orientadas al aprendizaje e integradas en las dinámicas de las clases. En este sentido, en el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados de incorporar una metodología de trabajo (SCRUM) en la que se aplican un conjunto de buenas prácticas para trabajar colaborativamente, en equipo, y obtener el mejor resultado posible de un proyecto, en diversas asignaturas del Master Universitario en Dirección de Empresas (MBA), del Campus d’Alcoi de la Universitat Politècnica de València. El desarrollo de este Proyecto de Innovación y Mejora Educativa (PIME) ha implicado la formación de alumnos y profesores en esta metodología, mediante su aplicación práctica e integrada en las clases a lo largo de todo el curso. Esto se ha traducido en una mejora del rendimiento académico y en la adquisición y mejora de competencias transversales, principalmente las de análisis y resolución de problemas, trabajo en equipo y liderazgo, y planificación y gestión del tiempo.Palabras clave: competencias transversales, SCRUM, trabajo colaborativo., [EN] The adaptation of the university to the European Higher Education Area is leading to the achievement of substantial changes in many aspects related to his pedagogical model, for example incorporation of active methodologies oriented to learning and integrated in the dynamics of the classes. In this sense, in this work are presented the results of incorporating a methodology of work (SCRUM) in which are applied a set of best practices to collaboratively work, in teamwork, and obtain the best possible result of a project, in diverse subjects of the Master’s Degree in Business Administration (MBA) of the Universitat Politècnica de València. The development of this Project of Innovation and Educational Improvement (PIME) has involved the formation of students and professors in this methodology, by means of his practical application and integrated in the classes along all the course. This has been translated in an improvement of the academic performance and the better acquisition of transversal competencies, mainly analysis and resolution of problems, teamwork and leadership and time management and planning, El presente trabajo es fruto del PIME “Aplicación de una metodología de trabajo ágil y colaborativo (SCRUM) en el Master Universitario en Dirección de Empresas (MBA) para mejorar competencias transversales”, de la convocatoria de Proyectos de Innovación y Mejora Educativa del Vicerrectorado de Estudios, Calidad y Acreditación de la Universitat Politècnica de València.

[EN] Adapting the university to the European Higher Education Area is leading to skills being developed as learning results from training, methodological renovation and using evaluations as a strategy that must positively influence students¿ learning. The Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) has set up the UPV Transversal Competences Project, whose main objective is to accredit the UPV transversal skills to graduate students of any official degree taught at the UPV (UPV, 2017). In the specific case of the Master Degree in Business Management (MBM), an Advisory Council for the MBM was created in April 2017, made up of some of the most important companies in the area of influence. The objective was to incorporate, into the master¿s undergraduate profile, the real requirements of its business context. During the Advisory Council¿s first meeting, the need for the MBM students to acquire transversal skills was detected, along with the technological knowledge taught in it. Stress was placed on the need to acquire problem-solving and teamwork skills. Thus the Academic Master Committee considered the option of cross-sectionally using a problem-solving and teamwork methodology in several MBM subjects so that students and teachers could reinforce these specific competences. Having analysed several available options, a decision was made to use the SCRUM, methodology, which is a framework within which students can tackle complex adaptive problems, while productively and creatively delivering products of the highest possible value (Schwaber & Sutherland, 2016). SCRUM allows partial and normal deliveries of end products to be made, which are priorised for the benefit they offer the party that receives the project (Proyectos Ágiles, 2017). The purpose of the present work is to present the results of applying this methodology to the subject entitled ¿Strategic Management in Global Environments¿ of the MBM at the Alcoy Campus of the UPV. To this end, work was done as part of the subject to propose new innovative business models for four companies that belong to the MBM¿s Advisory Council. Students were divided into four self-managed teams, where students were sure of the role they played in them by periodically delivering works and always complying with the requirements agreed on by students, the teachers and the involved companies. There could be a reaction if deviations occurred in companies¿ requirements and/or needs, and it could be necessary to adjust to these new requirements. The intention was for students to be capable of working in teams, solving companies¿ genuine problems in real time and adapting to companies¿ requirements and/or needs at all times. The ultimate objective was to improve academic performance, and acquiring and improving transversal skills, mainly analysing and problem solving, teamwork and leadership, and planning and managing time by practically and completely applying SCRUM to the work done in the subject., This work has been done as part of an educational innovation project funded by the Universitat Politècnica de València (PIME/2017/B/008) "Application of an agile and collaborative work methodology (SCRUM) in the Master in Business Administration (MBA) to improve transversal skills"

[EN] The objective of this article is to present a process of applying the SCRUM methodology to practical lab classes in the Operations and Technology Strategy subject of the University Master Degree in Business Administration (MBA) at the Higher Polytechnic School of Alcoy, which belongs to the Universitat Politécnica de València (UPV). To do so, the MBA Degree was globally analysed. Next the teaching programme was proposed for the corresponding subject. This contextualised the subject in the syllabus underway by focusing on skills, and on coordinating and organising the subject and teaching-learning methodologies. Next the syllabus, the teaching programme of theoretical/practical classes, the material resources and the evaluation system were proposed. The SCRUM methodology was applied to encourage the relative efficiency of practical lab classes, whose ultimate objective was to develop a collaborative project to create the operations strategy of a new business idea., This work has been done as part of an educational innovation project funded by the Universitat Politècnica de València (PIME/2017/B/008) ¿Application of an agile and collaborative work methodology (SCRUM) in the Master in Business Administration (MBA) to improve transversal skills

En aquest treball es presenten els resultats d’un projecte de gamificació realitzat en l’àmbit del Màster Oficial en Direcció d’Empreses (MBA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Campus d’Alcoi). En l’experiència es pretenen identificar els punts forts i dèbils d’una empresa real. Per això s’utilitza com a eina de joc Lego Serious Play (LSP). Els subjectes de la gamificació són els alumnes del MBA i els treballadors de l’empresa analitzada, treballant barrejats en equips diversos. Els resultats van ser molt positius tant pel que fa als objectius aconseguits com a la col·laboració entre alumnes i treballadors de l’empresa., This work presents the results of a gamification project developed in the scope of the Business Administration Master (BAM, Universitat Politècnica de València, Campus d’Alcoi). The main goal of the project was to identify a set of strengths and weaknesses in a real company. The tool used for the game was Lego Serious Play (LSP). The people involved in the project were the BAM students mixed together with the company workers. The results were positive in both levels, the achieved goals and the students/workers cooperation., En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un proyecto de gamificación realizado en el ámbito del Máster Oficial en Dirección de Empresas (MBA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Campus d’Alcoi). En la experiencia se pretenden identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de una empresa real. Para ello se utiliza como herramienta de juego Lego Serious Play (LSP). Los sujetos de la gamificación son los alumnos del MBA y trabajadores de la empresa analizada, trabajando mezclados en distintos equipos. Los resultados fueron altamente positivos tanto a nivel de objetivos conseguidos como de la colaboración entre alumnos y trabajadores de la empresa.

This is the accepted version of the following article: Molina-Morales, F.X.; Capo-Vicedo, J.; Ma Teresa Martinez Fernandez; Exposito Langa, M. (2013). Social capital in industrial districts: Influence of the strength of ties and density of the network on the sense of belonging to the district. Papers in Regional Science. 92(4):773-789. doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2012.00463.x, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2012.00463.x/pdf.

In recent years, companies in industrialized countries have experimented significant changes in the competitive context where they move. This has resulted in reinforcing certain factors in order to retain and win new customers such as trust, accepted as a key element in economic exchanges. In this work, and following a review of the literature, a scale measuring confidence, both with both suppliers and customers, is proposed and validate to serve as support for future models. For this has been chosen as a study sample the Valencian textile industry.

En el presente trabajo se analizan las tipologías de relaciones interorganizacionales a nivel estructural más habituales entre PYMES. Se estudia también el concepto complementario de «netchain», correspondiente a una forma estructural utilizada habitualmente por las PYMES, y que supone una combinación de las relaciones verticales y horizontales. En concreto se propone el concepto de netchain o «red de redes» virtual.La parte teórica del trabajo se complementa con un caso de estudio correspondiente a una red de empresas del cluster textil valenciano (España) correspondiente a una pyme textil que mantiene relaciones ver ticales con otros miembros de su cadena de suministro, al mismo tiempo que establece una red con otras empresas de su área, formando una red de redes.

Drawing on a social network approach this paper proposes a methodology that helps with the empowerment and development of interorganisational networks in clusters. Paper emphasises the necessity of establishing relationships with other firms and external agents in order to empower the creation and diffusion of knowledge, through factors such as innovation. The aim of the proposed methodology is to know how required knowledge should be located and diffused to identify the opportunities motivating the creation of particular interorganisational networks. Similarly, it is also important to know how to determine which agents might to take advantage of these opportunities creating networks.

En este trabajo se analiza la importancia de los clusters para las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYME), en su camino hacia economías cada vez más globalizadas y basadas en el conocimiento. Para ello se estudia la influencia que tiene la globalización sobre las economías locales, así como la importancia de la concentración geográfica de las empresas para aumentar su competitividad. Entre las conclusiones obtenidas destaca el hecho de que en estas concentraciones se pueden establecer verdaderas comunidades de conocimiento, en las que éste se genere e intercambie, al mismo tiempo que se potencia la innovación, con lo que se consigue aumentar su ventaja competitiva. Finalmente, se estudia brevemente el caso del Cluster Textil Valenciano (España), validando lo visto en la parte teórica del artículoIn this work the importance of clusters for the particular case of SMEs is analyzed, in its road toward knowledge-based and globalize economies. In short the influence that globalization has about the local economies is studied, as well as the importance of the geographical concentration of the companies in order to increase their competitiveness. Among the obtained conclusions it highlights the fact that in these concentrations true communities of knowledge can settle down, where new knowledge is generated and exchanged, at the same time that innovation is empowered, and their competitive advantage is increased. Finally, the particular case of the Valencia Textile Cluster (Spain) is studied, in order to validate the theoretical part of the article

Through this research we aim to contribute to the debate on the role of universities in industrial districts in the context of the new competitive panorama that they are facing. With this objective in mind, we have carried out a study based on a university located within a Spanish textile district, using Social Network Analysis techniques. Of particular relevance are the relationships between companies, of which there is a dense concentration, and the university, which has an important role as mediator within the network.

[EN] The aim of this work is to help gain a better understanding of the research conducted on territorial agglomerations of firms at a multidisciplinary level. To this end, an analysis was performed of the contents of the most significant scientific literature on economics, management, planning and development, urban studies and geography published over the period 1997-2006. From the results, a database of 142 papers from 43 journals was then elaborated. An analysis of these works reveals the level of development of the main lines of research in this field and, consequently, makes it possible to detect the topics that require greater attention and that can be the object of future research for researchers and academics. The main conclusions include the growing number of studies conducted on the subject in recent years, as well as a greater predominance of empirical research over conceptual work, and the existence of a significant change in the topics or lines of research throughout the period under study. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC., This research was financed by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, National R&D & Innovation Plan 2007–2010, under the project entitled “El Distrito Industrial: el impacto del Capital Social sobre la Gestio´n de la Cadena de Suministro” (The Industrial District: the impact of Social Capital on the management of the Supply Chain) (SEJ2007- 62876/ECON).

This chapter highlights the necessity of establishing relationships with other companies and external agents in order to empower the creation and diffusion of knowledge, through factors such as innovation. Likewise, the influence of geographical and territorial factors will be studied in the context of this economy. SMES normally work and are immersed in particular geographical regions so this chapter will analyze the particular case of knowledge generation and sharing in SMES clusters as an essential source of competitive advantage. A new organizational form will be suggested in order to make possible the creation, transfer and sharing of knowledge in supply chain of SMES clusters. In this sense, a network functioning model is finally proposed.

In recent decades, regional production patterns are the subject of scientific debate and study by researchers worldwide. However, despite its growing importance, there is a lack of previous literature review work. This gap advises us to perform a content analysis of the academic research done so far. To proceed, and choosing a sufficiently large temporal area, 1998 to 2008, we have selected the main Spanish scientific journals of Economics and Geography. We obtained a database composed by 152 contributions, in which we have studied the evolution of its scientific nature, research groups and/or universities, the research agenda, methodology and possible differences between the two analyzed areas. This will allow us to know the level of development of these areas and propose future research lines.

[EN] This research studies to what extent the absorptive capacity of a firm influences its capacity to exploit new opportunities through new products, particularly in a specific context of industrial districts. A multidimensional approach to the absorptive capacity concept is used to distinguish between identification, assimilation, and exploitation of external knowledge. The population of companies belonging to a Spanish textile district is studied. Findings suggest that information and knowledge that a company receives from external sources provide the company with the necessary abilities to innovate. In the present case, the greater the absorptive capacity, the greater the innovation capacity for the company. © 2011 Regional Studies Association., [FR] La mise au point des produits nouveaux et la capacité d¿absorption dans les districts industriels: une façon multi-dimensionnelle, Regional Studies. Cette recherche étudie jusqu¿à quel point la capacité d¿absorption d¿une entreprise influe sur sa capacité d¿exploiter de nouvelles possibilités par moyen des produits nouveaux, notamment dans le contexte des districts industriels. On applique une façon multidimensionnelle à la notion de capacité d¿absorption afin de distinguer entre l¿identification, l¿assimilation et l¿exploitation de la connaissance externe. On étudie le parc d¿entreprises implanté sur un district du textile en Espagne. Les résultats laissent supposer que l¿information et la connaissance que reçoit une entreprise des sources externes fournissent ce dont elles ont besoin pour innover. Il s¿avère de la présente étude que la plus grande est la capacitéd¿absorption, la plus grande est la capacité d¿innovation., [DE] In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir, in welchem Ausmaß sich insbesondere im spezifischen Kontext der Industriebezirke die absorptive Kapazität einer Firma auf ihre Kapazität auswirkt, neue Gelegenheiten durch neue Produkte zu nutzen. Zur Unterscheidung zwischen der Identifizierung, der Assimilation und der Nutzung von externem Wissen wird ein multidimensionaler Ansatz für die absorptive Kapazität herangezogen. Untersucht wurden die Firmen eines Textilbezirks in Spanien. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass die Informationen und das Wissen, die eine Firma von externen Quellen bezieht, der Firma die nötigen Fähigkeiten zur Innovation verleihen. Im vorliegenden Fall gilt, dass die innovative Kapazität einer Firma um so größer ausfällt, je größer ihre absorptive Kapazität ist., [ES] El presente trabajo estudia el efecto de la capacidad de absorción en la empresa sobre el desarrollo de nuevos productos, dentro de un contexto de distrito industrial. Utilizamos una aproximación multidimensional para el concepto de la capacidad de absorción con el objeto de distinguir entre la identificación, asimilación y explotación de conocimiento. Hemos trabajado con empresas pertenecientes al distrito industrial textil español. Los resultados sugieren que las externalidades que la empresa recibe en forma de información y conocimiento de su entorno, junto a las habilidades internas necesarias, benefician su proceso de innovación. De forma particular, el desarrollo de la capacidad de absorción en la empresa favorece su capacidad innovadora.

This chapter highlights the necessity of establishing relationships with other companies and external agents in order to empower the creation and diffusion of knowledge, through factors such as innovation. Likewise, the influence of geographical and territorial factors will be studied in the context of this economy. SMES normally work and are immersed in particular geographical regions so this chapter will analyze the particular case of knowledge generation and sharing in SMES clusters as an essential source of competitive advantage. A new organizational form will be suggested in order to make possible the creation, transfer and sharing of knowledge in supply chain of SMES clusters. In this sense, a network functioning model is finally proposed.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es proponer una metodologia para la creacion de redes interorganizativas, en el caso concreto de PYMEs localizadas en clusters territoriales. Para ello se realizara una breve revision de alguna de las aportaciones mas significativas en la literatura existente sobre las agrupaciones territoriales de empresas o clusters , asi como sobre las redes sociales y las empresas virtuales. Del analisis realizado se concluye que la metodologia propuesta debe centrarse en el analisis de las relaciones con otras empresas y agentes externos e internos al territorio en el que se ubican para la obtencion de ventajas competitivas. Esta metodologia se plantea como complementaria a las ya “tradicionales” de analisis estructural de un sector. Palabras clave: clusters territorial, PYME, redes interorganizativas, estrategia, competitividad Proposal for a Methodology for Creating Interorganizational Networks in Territorial Clusters Abstract The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology for creating interorganizational networks is proposed for the case of SMEs located in territorial clusters. To achieve this objective, a brief revision of the existing literature related to territorial concentrations of firms (clusters), social networks and virtual organizations is done. From this analysis, it is concluded that the proposed methodology must be centred on the analysis of relationships with other companies and external and internal agents of the territory in which they are located, with regards to trying to obtain competitive advantages. We consider this kind of analysis to be complementary to traditional structural analyses of a sector.

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar que estructura o modelo organizativo es el más apropiado para que se dé una verdadera gestión del conocimiento en una cadena de suministro. Para ello se realiza una breve revisión de alguna de las aportaciones más significativas en la literatura existente sobre la relación entre la gestión del conocimiento y el contexto organizativo, así como sobre los requerimientos necesarios para gestionar el conocimiento en un contexto interorganizativo, como es el existente en una cadena de suministro. Del análisis realizado se concluye que la estructura organizativa conocida como Empresa Virtual es la más apropiada para gestionar el conocimiento en una cadena de suministro, por sus características intrínsecas de confianza mutua entre sus miembros, así como por el dinamismo en su creación y operación