748 results on '"King, Jordan"'
Search Results
2. National’s social policy legacy in social housing
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King, Jordan
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- 2019
3. A mixed-method study evaluating an innovative care model for rural patients undergoing outpatient breast surgery
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Chiu, Sharon, Fowler, Samantha, Bridges, Sarah, Hanson, Natasha, King, Jordan, Street, Sarah, Tait, Heather, Irving, Karen, Mclean, Peggy, Mclaughlin, Lauren, and Gulliver, Adrienne
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Medical research -- Methods ,Medicine, Experimental -- Methods ,Nurses -- Methods ,Stress (Psychology) -- Care and treatment ,Health ,Health care industry - Abstract
Background: The Delta Oasis program was launched in New Brunswick in 2006 to offer patients from rural areas who were undergoing breast cancer surgery and their families 1 night of free accommodations and a postoperative consultation with an extramural nurse. We sought to investigate patient experiences with this program. Methods: This mixed-method retrospective study took place from 2020 to 2022 and compared the preoperative anxiety and quality of recovery of program participants and control patients who were discharged home over 100 km from hospital. We conducted 2x2 analysis of variance to evaluate the effects of intervention group and surgery type. We conducted semistructured interviews with intervention participants, which we then thematically analyzed. Two patient partners were engaged during data synthesis to support the interpretation of results. Results: We included 34 patients who participated in the program and 18 control patients. No statistically significant differences were found between treatment groups in preoperative anxiety and quality of recovery, regardless of surgery type. Thematic analysis of interviews with 17 intervention participants revealed that they were highly satisfied with the program and that the experience helped reduce stress and discomfort related to their surgery. Interpretation: The Delta Oasis program is a cost-effective alternative to inpatient care after breast cancer surgery and is highly regarded by rural patients; expansion to other regions with the inclusion of additional low-risk surgeries could help address hospital capacity issues. This study contributes to our understanding of the patient experience with the Delta Oasis program and informs the development of similar programs elsewhere. Contexte : Le programme Delta Oasis a t lanc au Nouveau-Brunswick en 2006 pour offrir aux personnes des r gions rurales devant subir une intervention chirurgicale pour un cancer du sein et leur famille 1 nuit d'h bergement gratuite et une consultation postop ratoire avec une infirmi re ou un infirmier hors murs. Nous avons voulu interroger la patient le sur son exp rience du programme. M thodes : Il s'agit d'une tude r trospective m thodes mixtes men e de 2020 2022 pour comparer l'anxi t pr op ratoire et la qualit du r tablissement de personnes participant au programme avec celles des membres d'un groupe t moin retourn s leur domicile, plus de 100 km de l'h pital. Nous avons men une analyse de la variance 2 facteurs pour valuer les effets selon le groupe et le type de chirurgie. Nous avons r alis aupr s des membres du groupe sous intervention des entrevues semi-structur es que nous avons ensuite analys es th matiquement. Deux patients partenaires ont t consult s pendant la synth se des donn es pour confirmer l'interpr tation des r sultats. R sultats : Nous avons interrog 34 personnes ayant particip au programme et 18 du groupe t moin. Aucune diff rence statistiquement significative n'a t constat e entre les groupes quant l'anxi t pr op ratoire et la qualit du r tablissement, quel que soit le type de chirurgie. L'analyse th matique des entrevues men es aupr s de 17 membres du groupe sous intervention a r v l qu'ils taient extr mement satisfaits du programme et que l'exp rience avait att nu le stress et l'inconfort li s l'intervention chirurgicale. Conclusion : Le programme Delta Oasis est une fa on rentable de remplacer les soins hospitaliers apr s une chirurgie pour un cancer du sein; il est tr s appr ci des personnes qui vivent en r gion rurale. En l' tendant d'autres r gions et d'autres interventions chirurgicales faible risque, on pourrait contribuer r soudre les probl mes de capacit hospitali re. Cette tude nous aide comprendre l'exp rience de la patient le dans le programme Delta Oasis et claire l'instauration de programmes semblables ailleurs., In recent decades, developed countries have seen a major increase in outpatient surgeries, which allow stable patients to be discharged home on the same day of surgery after a period [...]
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- 2024
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4. Needs and opportunities for sustainability programs in higher education: insights from the Global Council for Science and the Environment’s Pathways toward Accreditation initiative
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King, Jordan, primary, Brundiers, Katja, additional, and Hiser, Krista, additional
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- 2024
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5. On the future of sociology in Aotearoa/New Zealand
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Leask, Marita, King, Jordan, and Pennell, Stella
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- 2017
6. Morgan Godfery (ed.) (2016) 'The interregnum - rethinking NewZealand'
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Jansen, Alix and King, Jordan Carnaby
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- 2016
7. The role of admixture in the rare variant contribution to inflammatory bowel disease
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Courtney Astore, Shivam Sharma, Sini Nagpal, NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium, David J. Cutler, John D. Rioux, Judy H. Cho, Dermot P. B. McGovern, Steven R. Brant, Subra Kugathasan, I. King Jordan, and Greg Gibson
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Trans-ancestry ,Crohn’s disease ,NOD2 ,Genetic risk assessment ,Whole genome sequencing ,Medicine ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Identification of rare variants involved in complex, polygenic diseases like Crohn’s disease (CD) has accelerated with the introduction of whole exome/genome sequencing association studies. Rare variants can be used in both diagnostic and therapeutic assessments; however, since they are likely to be restricted to specific ancestry groups, their contributions to risk assessment need to be evaluated outside the discovery population. Prior studies implied that the three known rare variants in NOD2 are absent in West African and Asian populations and only contribute in African Americans via admixture. Methods Whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from 3418 African American individuals, 1774 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases, and 1644 controls were used to assess odds ratios and allele frequencies (AF), as well as haplotype-specific ancestral origins of European-derived CD variants discovered in a large exome-wide association study. Local and global ancestry was performed to assess the contribution of admixture to IBD contrasting European and African American cohorts. Results Twenty-five rare variants associated with CD in European discovery cohorts are typically five-fold lower frequency in African Americans. Correspondingly, where comparisons could be made, the rare variants were found to have a predicted four-fold reduced burden for IBD in African Americans, when compared to European individuals. Almost all of the rare CD European variants were found on European haplotypes in the African American cohort, implying that they contribute to disease risk in African Americans primarily due to recent admixture. In addition, proportion of European ancestry correlates the number of rare CD European variants each African American individual carry, as well as their polygenic risk of disease. Similar findings were observed for 23 mutations affecting 10 other common complex diseases for which the rare variants were discovered in European cohorts. Conclusions European-derived Crohn’s disease rare variants are even more rare in African Americans and contribute to disease risk mainly due to admixture, which needs to be accounted for when performing cross-ancestry genetic assessments.
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- 2023
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8. Landscape of racial and ethnic health disparities in the All of Us Research Program.
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Vincent Lam, Shivam Sharma, John L. Spouge, I. King Jordan, and Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
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- 2024
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9. A scoping review of direct oral anticoagulant ambulatory management practices
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Mangrum, Jasmine S., Saunders, John A., Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn, Witt, Daniel M., and King, Jordan B.
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- 2023
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10. Ancestral origins of TYR and OCA2 gene mutations in oculocutaneous albinism from two admixed populations in Colombia.
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Wilmer A Cárdenas, Andrew B Conley, Shashwat Deepali Nagar, Diana L Núñez-Ríos, I King Jordan, and María Claudia Lattig
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Autosomal recessive conditions are often associated with homozygous mutations showing common ancestral origins and are frequently linked to consanguinity. However, an increasing number of compound heterozygotes are found in diverse, admixed populations. Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a recessive condition caused mainly by mutations in the TYR and OCA2 genes involved in skin pigmentation. We previously screened the TYR and OCA2 genes in Colombian OCA families, identifying both known and novel mutations. Affected family members were found to be either homozygous or compound heterozygous for these gene mutations. Compound heterozygosity, where two different recessive alleles inherited from each parent lead to the expression of an autosomal recessive trait, poses a challenge in genetic diagnosis. Estimating the ancestry of these disease-associated variants, in conjunction with understanding the colonization history of admixed populations, can enhance the precision of association mapping in genetic studies. The aim of this study was to determine the ancestral origins of TYR and OCA2 mutations for OCA patients from two populations located in the Andes region of Colombia-Altiplano Cundiboyacense and Marinilla-Santuario. Comparison of OCA patients, and their unaffected relatives, with global reference populations showed a pattern of European and Native American admixture, with little African ancestry, for these two populations. Mutation-bearing TYR and OCA2 haplotypes from Colombian OCA patients were compared against haplotypes from Spanish, Native American, and Sephardic Jewish reference populations to infer their ancestral origins. For 12 OCA1 patients from the Altiplano Cundiboyacense region, 21 out of 24 mutated TYR haplotypes show Spanish origins, two show Native American origins, and one shows a Sephardic Jewish origin. The two Native American TYR haplotypes, and the single Sephardic Jewish haplotype, are all found in compound heterozygote patients, paired with the predominant Spanish TYR haplotype G47D. OCA in these three patients is a result of genetic admixture that brought together disease-causing mutations with distinct ancestral origins. Both OCA2 patients from the Marinilla-Santuario region show homozygous OCA2 mutations with a Spanish origin. These findings underscore the complexity of the genetic architecture of Mendelian disease in admixed American populations, with both consanguinity and admixture contributing to the risk of autosomal recessive OCA in Colombia.
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- 2024
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11. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Tumor Immune Microenvironment Signaling Networks Supporting Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
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Lawrence P. McKinney, Rajesh Singh, I. King Jordan, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Eric B. Dammer, and James W. Lillard
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transcriptomics ,metastasis ,tumor microenvironment ,prostate cancer ,signaling ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer death in American men. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is the most lethal form of PCa and preferentially metastasizes to the bones through incompletely understood molecular mechanisms. Herein, we processed RNA sequencing data from patients with mCRPC (n = 60) and identified 14 gene clusters (modules) highly correlated with mCRPC bone metastasis. We used a novel combination of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and upstream regulator and gene ontology analyses of clinically annotated transcriptomes to identify the genes. The cyan module (M14) had the strongest positive correlation (0.81, p = 4 × 10−15) with mCRPC bone metastasis. It was associated with two significant biological pathways through KEGG enrichment analysis (parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, and action and protein digestion and absorption). In particular, we identified 10 hub genes (ALPL, PHEX, RUNX2, ENPP1, PHOSPHO1, PTH1R, COL11A1, COL24A1, COL22A1, and COL13A1) using cytoHubba of Cytoscape. We also found high gene expression for collagen formation, degradation, absorption, cell-signaling peptides, and bone regulation processes through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis.
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- 2023
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12. Teacher Education for Sustainable Development: A Review of an Emerging Research Field
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Fischer, Daniel, King, Jordan, Rieckmann, Marco, Barth, Matthias, Büssing, Alexander, Hemmer, Ingrid, and Lindau-Bank, Detlev
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Teacher Education for Sustainable Development (TESD) is a niche innovation in teacher education that empowers teachers to prepare learners to address global socio-environmental challenges. To advance the diffusion of this niche innovation into general teacher education, this article offers a systematic literature review based on a qualitative analysis of 158 peer-reviewed publications on TESD research. Our results show that TESD research is a growing field characterized by five types of inquiry: designing learning environments, understanding learner attributes, measuring learning outcomes, promoting systems change, and advancing visions for the field. Major innovation potentials of TESD for more general teacher education are its emphasis on the grand socio-environmental challenges of our times, methodologies to engage with knowledge diversity (e.g., inter/transdisciplinarity), and sustainability science learning approaches (e.g., backcasting). We suggest that future work builds from this review to strengthen links between teacher education and TESD in enhancing quality education.
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- 2022
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13. Sick individuals, sick populations revisited: a test of the Rose hypothesis for type 2 diabetes disparities
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I King Jordan and Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Introduction The Rose hypothesis predicts that since genetic variation is greater within than between populations, genetic risk factors will be associated with individuals’ risk of disease but not population disparities, and since socioenvironmental variation is greater between than within populations, socioenvironmental risk factors will be associated with population disparities but not individuals’ disease risk.Methods We used the UK Biobank to test the Rose hypothesis for type 2 diabetes (T2D) ethnic disparities in the UK. Our cohort consists of 26 912 participants from Asian, black and white ethnic groups. Participants were characterised as T2D cases or controls based on the presence or absence of T2D diagnosis codes in electronic health records. T2D genetic risk was measured using a polygenic risk score (PRS), and socioeconomic deprivation was measured with the Townsend Index (TI). The variation of genetic (PRS) and socioeconomic (TI) risk factors within and between ethnic groups was calculated using analysis of variance. Multivariable logistic regression was used to associate PRS and TI with T2D cases, and mediation analysis was used to analyse the effect of PRS and TI on T2D ethnic group disparities.Results T2D prevalence differs for Asian 23.34% (OR=5.14, CI=4.68 to 5.65), black 16.64% (OR=3.81, CI=3.44 to 4.22) and white 7.35% (reference) ethnic groups in the UK. Both genetic and socioenvironmental T2D risk factors show greater within (w) than between (b) ethnic group variation: PRS w=64.60%, b=35.40%; TI w=71.18%, b=28.19%. Nevertheless, both genetic risk (PRS OR=1.96, CI=1.87 to 2.07) and socioeconomic deprivation (TI OR=1.09, CI=1.08 to 1.10) are associated with T2D individual risk and mediate T2D ethnic disparities (Asian PRS=22.5%, TI=9.8%; black PRS=32.0%, TI=25.3%).Conclusion A relative excess of within-group versus between-group variation does not preclude T2D risk factors from contributing to T2D ethnic disparities. Our results support an integrative approach to health disparities research that includes both genetic and socioenvironmental risk factors.
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- 2023
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14. Impact of Self‐Monitoring of Blood Pressure on Processes of Hypertension Care and Long‐Term Blood Pressure Control
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Bryant, Kelsey B, Sheppard, James P, Ruiz‐Negrón, Natalia, Kronish, Ian M, Fontil, Valy, King, Jordan B, Pletcher, Mark J, Bibbins‐Domingo, Kirsten, Moran, Andrew E, McManus, Richard J, and Bellows, Brandon K
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Health Services ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Cardiovascular ,Hypertension ,Comparative Effectiveness Research ,Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,Antihypertensive Agents ,Blood Pressure ,Blood Pressure Determination ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Models ,Statistical ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Self-Testing ,Treatment Outcome ,blood pressure ,hypertension ,self-monitoring of blood pressure ,simulation modeling ,self‐monitoring of blood pressure ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology - Abstract
Background Self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) improves blood pressure (BP) outcomes at 12-months, but information is lacking on how SMBP affects hypertension care processes and longer-term BP outcomes. Methods and Results We pooled individual participant data from 4 randomized clinical trials of SMBP in the United Kingdom (combined n=2590) with varying intensities of support. Multivariable random effects regression was used to estimate the probability of antihypertensive intensification at 12 months for usual care versus SMBP. Using these data, we simulated 5-year BP control rates using a validated mathematical model. Trial participants were mostly older adults (mean age 66.6 years, SD 9.5), male (53.9%), and predominantly white (95.6%); mean baseline BP was 151.8/85.0 mm Hg. Compared with usual care, the likelihood of antihypertensive intensification increased with both SMBP with feedback to patient or provider alone (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.6) and with telemonitoring or self-management (3.3, 2.5-4.2). Over 5 years, we estimated 33.4% BP control (
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- 2020
15. A change is gonna come
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King, Jordan, primary, Fischer, Daniel, additional, and Brundiers, Katja, additional
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- 2023
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16. Teaching and Learning Sustainable Consumption
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Dyer, Jen, primary, Fischer, Daniel, additional, Sahakian, Marlyne, additional, Seyfang, Gill, additional, and King, Jordan, additional
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- 2023
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17. Assessing learning in teaching sustainable consumption
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King, Jordan, primary, Fischer, Daniel, additional, Sahakian, Marlyne, additional, Dyer, Jen, additional, and Seyfang, Gill, additional
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- 2023
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18. Learning theories and pedagogies in teaching sustainable consumption
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Fischer, Daniel, primary, King, Jordan, additional, Sahakian, Marlyne, additional, Dyer, Jen, additional, and Seyfang, Gill, additional
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- 2023
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19. Sustainable consumption, a tricky topic to teach
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Sahakian, Marlyne, primary, King, Jordan, additional, Dyer, Jen, additional, Fischer, Daniel, additional, and Seyfang, Gill, additional
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- 2023
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20. Learning objectives for teaching sustainable consumption
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King, Jordan, primary, Fischer, Daniel, additional, Sahakian, Marlyne, additional, Dyer, Jen, additional, and Seyfang, Gill, additional
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- 2023
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21. I can't get no satisfaction
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Fischer, Daniel, primary, King, Jordan, additional, and Casanova, Carlos R., additional
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- 2023
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22. International Trends in Research on Environmental and Sustainability Education in Teacher Education
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King, Jordan, Rieckmann, Marco, Fischer, Daniel, Barth, Matthias, Büssing, Alexander Georg, Hemmer, Ingrid, Lindau-Bank, Detlev, McKenzie, Marcia, Section editor, Karrow, Doug, Section editor, and Peters, Michael A., editor
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- 2022
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23. Abstract 13622: Association Between Self-Reported Medication Adherence and Therapeutic Inertia in Hypertension: A Secondary Analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)
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Jacobs, Joshua A, Derington, Catherine G, Zheutlin, Alexander R, King, Jordan B, Cohen, Jordana B, Bucheit, John, Kronish, Ian M, Addo, Daniel K, Morisky, Donald E, Greene, Tom H, and Bress, Adam P
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- 2023
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24. Investigation of hypertension and type 2 diabetes as risk factors for dementia in the All of Us cohort
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Shashwat Deepali Nagar, Priscilla Pemu, Jun Qian, Eric Boerwinkle, Mine Cicek, Cheryl R. Clark, Elizabeth Cohn, Kelly Gebo, Roxana Loperena, Kelsey Mayo, Stephen Mockrin, Lucila Ohno-Machado, Andrea H. Ramirez, Sheri Schully, Ashley Able, Ashley Green, Stephan Zuchner, SEEC Consortium, I. King Jordan, and Robert Meller
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The World Health Organization recently defined hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as modifiable comorbidities leading to dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. In the United States (US), hypertension and T2D are health disparities, with higher prevalence seen for Black and Hispanic minority groups compared to the majority White population. We hypothesized that elevated prevalence of hypertension and T2D risk factors in Black and Hispanic groups may be associated with dementia disparities. We interrogated this hypothesis using a cross-sectional analysis of participant data from the All of Us (AoU) Research Program, a large observational cohort study of US residents. The specific objectives of our study were: (1) to compare the prevalence of dementia, hypertension, and T2D in the AoU cohort to previously reported prevalence values for the US population, (2) to investigate the association of hypertension, T2D, and race/ethnicity with dementia, and (3) to investigate whether race/ethnicity modify the association of hypertension and T2D with dementia. AoU participants were recruited from 2018 to 2019 as part of the initial project cohort (R2019Q4R3). Participants aged 40–80 with electronic health records and demographic data (age, sex, race, and ethnicity) were included for analysis, yielding a final cohort of 125,637 individuals. AoU participants show similar prevalence of hypertension (32.1%) and T2D (13.9%) compared to the US population (32.0% and 10.5%, respectively); however, the prevalence of dementia for AoU participants (0.44%) is an order of magnitude lower than seen for the US population (5%). AoU participants with dementia show a higher prevalence of hypertension (81.6% vs. 31.9%) and T2D (45.9% vs. 11.4%) compared to non-dementia participants. Dominance analysis of a multivariable logistic regression model with dementia as the outcome shows that hypertension, age, and T2D have the strongest associations with dementia. Hispanic was the only race/ethnicity group that showed a significant association with dementia, and the association of sex with dementia was non-significant. The association of T2D with dementia is likely explained by concurrent hypertension, since > 90% of participants with T2D also had hypertension. Black race and Hispanic ethnicity interact with hypertension, but not T2D, to increase the odds of dementia. This study underscores the utility of the AoU participant cohort to study disease prevalence and risk factors. We do notice a lower participation of aged minorities and participants with dementia, revealing an opportunity for targeted engagement. Our results indicate that targeting hypertension should be a priority for risk factor modifications to reduce dementia incidence.
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- 2022
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25. Factors affecting assessment, uptake and adherence to physical activities in people with dementia : an inclusive approach
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Elliott-King, Jordan
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616.8 ,Dementia ,Physical Acitvity ,Diagnosis ,Adherence ,Exercise ,Alzheimer's diseases - Abstract
Dementia is a growing problem worldwide. There is no available long term effective treatment and many cases of dementia remain undiagnosed. Within this context, appropriate, accurate and reliable cognitive assessments are important in informing the process of diagnosing dementia, and monitoring the effects of subsequent interventions. Previous research has often researched the journey of dementia in stages. This thesis, however, was guided by inclusivity, a concept applied to encapsulate the need for the inclusion of all individuals across the whole journey of dementia. Assessments utilised during diagnostics should be cross-culturally applicable, easy and quick to administer, inexpensive, non-invasive and able to identify changes in cognitive functioning. Little research has explored cognitive assessments for people with intellectual disabilities, a growing group at high risk for experiencing dementia at a younger age. Moreover, physical activity could be a key intervention for people with dementia, with the potential to slow cognitive symptoms and promote independence. However, meta-analyses show mixed outcomes for the success of physical activity interventions. This may partly be due to low levels of engagement and adherence. Therefore, both cognitive assessments and physical activity, including factors influencing adherence, are important aspects of the journey of dementia, which require more research with an inclusive approach. This thesis was divided into 2 parts to reflect the underpinning paradigms that informed the investigations in each part. Hence, a mixed methods approach is used to investigate more inclusive practices in dementia diagnostics, intervention assessment and delivery of physical activity. Applied quantitative methods were used in part 1 to assess the accuracy of a battery of cognitive assessments (Mini Mental State Examination or MMSE, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test or HVLT, Verbal Fluency or VF, and the novel: Cognitive Computerized Test Battery for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities or CCIID) in informing dementia diagnostics for individuals with (n=30) and without (n=25) intellectual disabilities (chapters 4 and 5). The same cognitive tests were then utilised to assess the acute effects of a physical activity intervention compared to a psychosocial control activity using a cross-over design involving people with dementia (chapter 6). The second part of the thesis informed by critical realism, but continuing the inclusive approach began by exploring the barriers and facilitators to physical activity for people with dementia (chapter 7). Novel mobile methods of interviewing were applied to explore the perspectives of people with dementia towards physical activity (chapter 8). These walking interviews were also discussed in comparison to more traditional seated interviews for their application in understanding the perspectives of people with demenita. This was only the second study to conduct walking interviews with people who have dementia, but the first to discuss physical activity within this context. Chapter 9 then sought to investigate the perspectives of professionals who work to provide physical activity for and with people who have dementia. This study investigated how professionals navigate barriers and facilitate adherence to physical activity for people with dementia within the community, and hence offers a discussion of practical solutions to barriers identified in the literature and from interviews with people with dementia. The findings from the initial investigations in this thesis showed that participants with and without a pre-existing cognitive impairment who had dementia scored significantly lower on all included cognitive assessments (MMSE, VF, HVLT, Series and Jigsaw subtests and total CCIID) than their age-matched counterparts. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis revealed that all included assessments significantly classified those who had dementia, with a high accuracy of above 0.80 for all assessments with all populations. Assessments were well tolerated by all participants, including those with an intellectual disability. Acute cognitive benefits of physical activity were demonstrated over and above a psychosocial control using an order balanced cross-over design. An increase in cognitive scores was visible on the MMSE, VF, HVLT, Series and Jigsaw subtests and total CCIID after engaging in a short bout of resistance band physical activity versus a bingo (psychosocial) activity. This study confirms earlier research with resistance band physical activities in promoting memory in older people with and without dementia, but adds another new sensitive planning and logical reasoning test (CCIID) which could be important for early stages- or different types- of dementia. This study shows that the same well tolerated cognitive tests can be used for the initial screening and subsequent assessment of interventions. Systematic literature review (chapter 7) revealed that people with dementia have problems adhering to regular physical activity. The following thematic analysis of walking interview data with people who have dementia in chapter 8 revealed four key themes as to why this might be. The themes were: i) competition, ii) physical activity across the lifespan, iii) injury and decline; and iv) barriers to physical activity. The themes indicated that competitive aspects of physical activities can be encouraging or discouraging depending upon the individual participating, by giving the activity purpose, whether this is through competition or an activity goal, more people with dementia are interested in repeatedly engaging. Furthermore, injuries and decline in physical functioning frequently impacted participants' ability to enjoy physical activity. This often led to adapted physical activities rather than traditional sports that participants described enjoying earlier on in their lives. Each participant also discussed different logistical barriers outside of physical capabilities that limited their consistent participation in physical activity. The final study of the thesis, in chapter 9, analysed interviews with professionals, and offered methods of navigating the barriers highlighted by people with dementia; and discussed the potential for professional engagement with dementia care to increase physical activity participation and inclusively deliver interventions. This often meant providing a personalised activity that includes social interaction for the participants to further engage with, and benefit from. The professionals discussed the structure of the context in which physical activity is provided for people with dementia. Overall, this thesis argues for inclusive practices for people with dementia regardless of pre-existing cognitive ability, from diagnosis through to strategies for sustaining interventions that could offer substantial benefits. The empirical chapters are potentially limited by the small numbers of participants per study (n=9-25). However, this also allowed for in-depth analyses. The findings demonstrate the need for increased communication between healthcare professionals and people with dementia to offer more inclusive practices that can give greater insight into our understanding of dementia, as well as offer better care throughout the journey of dementia for all individuals.
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- 2019
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26. Clinic-Based Strategies to Reach United States Million Hearts 2022 Blood Pressure Control Goals
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Bellows, Brandon K, Ruiz-Negrón, Natalia, Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, King, Jordan B, Pletcher, Mark J, Moran, Andrew E, and Fontil, Valy
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Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Hypertension ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Cardiovascular ,Health Services ,Good Health and Well Being ,Antihypertensive Agents ,Benchmarking ,Blood Pressure ,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ,U.S. ,Computer Simulation ,Drug Resistance ,Drug Therapy ,Combination ,Humans ,Medication Adherence ,Office Visits ,Quality Improvement ,Quality Indicators ,Health Care ,Reproducibility of Results ,Time Factors ,Treatment Outcome ,United States ,adults ,blood pressure ,cardiovascular disease ,hypertension ,medication adherence ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Million Hearts initiative includes an ambitious ≥80% blood pressure control goal in US adults with hypertension by 2022. We used the validated Blood Pressure Control Model to quantify changes in clinic-based hypertension management processes needed to attain ≥80% blood pressure control.Methods and resultsThe Blood Pressure Control Model simulates patient blood pressures weekly using 3 key modifiable hypertension management processes: office visit frequency, clinician treatment intensification given uncontrolled blood pressure, and continued antihypertensive medication use (medication adherence rate). We compared blood pressure control rates (using the Seventh Joint National Committee on hypertension targets) achieved over 4 years between usual care and the best-observed values for management processes identified from the literature (1-week return visit interval, 20%-44% intensification rate, and 76% adherence rate). We determined the management process values needed to achieve ≥80% blood pressure control in US adults. In adults with uncontrolled blood pressure, usual care achieved 45.6% control (95% uncertainty interval, 39.6%-52.5%) and literature-based best-observed values achieved 79.7% control (95% uncertainty interval, 79.3%-80.1%) over 4 years. Increasing treatment intensification rates to 62% of office visits with an uncontrolled blood pressure resulted in ≥80% blood pressure control, even when the return visit interval and adherence remained at usual care values. Improving to best-observed values for all 3 management processes would achieve 78.1% blood pressure control in the overall US population with hypertension, approaching the ≥80% Million Hearts 2022 goal.ConclusionsAchieving the Million Hearts blood pressure control goal by 2022 will require simultaneously increasing visit frequency, overcoming therapeutic inertia, and improving patient medication adherence. As the relative importance of each of these 3 processes will depend on local characteristics, simulation models like the Blood Pressure Control Model can help local healthcare systems tailor strategies to reach local and national benchmarks.
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- 2019
27. The landscape of health disparities in the UK Biobank.
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Shashwat Deepali Nagar, I. King Jordan, and Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
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- 2023
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28. Factors associated with antihypertensive monotherapy among US adults with treated hypertension and uncontrolled blood pressure overall and by race/ethnicity, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018
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Zheutlin, Alexander R., Derington, Catherine G., King, Jordan B., Berchie, Ransmond O., Herrick, Jennifer S., Dixon, Dave L., Cohen, Jordana B., Shimbo, Daichi, Kronish, Ian M., Saseen, Joseph J., Muntner, Paul, Moran, Andrew E., and Bress, Adam P.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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29. Ethnic disparities in mortality and group-specific risk factors in the UK Biobank.
- Author
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Kara Keun Lee, Emily T Norris, Lavanya Rishishwar, Andrew B Conley, Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez, John F McDonald, and I King Jordan
- Subjects
Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Despite a substantial overall decrease in mortality, disparities among ethnic minorities in developed countries persist. This study investigated mortality disparities and their associated risk factors for the three largest ethnic groups in the United Kingdom: Asian, Black, and White. Study participants were sampled from the UK Biobank (UKB), a prospective cohort enrolled between 2006 and 2010. Genetics, biological samples, and health information and outcomes data of UKB participants were downloaded and data-fields were prioritized based on participants with death registry records. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate survival differences among ethnic groups; survival random forest feature selection followed by Cox proportional-hazard modeling was used to identify and estimate the effects of shared and ethnic group-specific mortality risk factors. The White ethnic group showed significantly worse survival probability than the Asian and Black groups. In all three ethnic groups, endoscopy and colonoscopy procedures showed significant protective effects on overall mortality. Asian and Black women show lower relative risk of mortality than men, whereas no significant effect of sex was seen for the White group. The strongest ethnic group-specific mortality associations were ischemic heart disease for Asians, COVID-19 for Blacks, and cancers of respiratory/intrathoracic organs for Whites. Mental health-related diagnoses, including substance abuse, anxiety, and depression, were a major risk factor for overall mortality in the Asian group. The effect of mental health on Asian mortality, particularly for digestive cancers, was exacerbated by an observed hesitance to answer mental health questions, possibly related to cultural stigma. C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels were associated with both overall and cause-specific mortality due to COVID-19 and digestive cancers in the Black group, where elevated CRP has previously been linked to psychosocial stress due to discrimination. Our results point to mortality risk factors that are group-specific and modifiable, supporting targeted interventions towards greater health equity.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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30. Nine-year Trends in Payments for Disease Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurological Related Disorders in Medicare Part D (S31.001)
- Author
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Wong, Ka-Ho, primary, Marini, Erica, additional, Francis, Trieste, additional, Kadish, Robert, additional, Galli, Jonathan, additional, Soldan, M. Paz, additional, Klein, Julia, additional, Sorenson, Abigail, additional, King, Jordan, additional, Rose, John, additional, Smith, Tammy, additional, and Clardy, Stacey, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Comorbidities and Ethnic Health Disparities in the UK Biobank.
- Author
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Whitney L. Teagle, Emily T. Norris, Lavanya Rishishwar, Shashwat Deepali Negar, I. King Jordan, and Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- Published
- 2022
32. Race/ethnic and sex differences in the initiation of non-statin lipid-lowering medication following myocardial infarction
- Author
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Colvin, Calvin L., Poudel, Bharat, Bress, Adam P., Derington, Catherine G., King, Jordan B., Wen, Ying, Chen, Ligong, Bittner, Vera, Brown, Todd M., Monda, Keri L., Mues, Katherine E., Rosenson, Robert S., Jackson, Elizabeth A., Muntner, Paul, and Colantonio, Lisandro D.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Race, Ethnicity, and Pharmacogenomic Variation in the United States and the United Kingdom
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Shivam Sharma, Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez, and I. King Jordan
- Subjects
pharmacogenetics ,human genome ,health disparities ,genetic ancestry ,race ,ethnicity ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
The relevance of race and ethnicity to genetics and medicine has long been a matter of debate. An emerging consensus holds that race and ethnicity are social constructs and thus poor proxies for genetic diversity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between race, ethnicity, and clinically relevant pharmacogenomic variation in cosmopolitan populations. We studied racially and ethnically diverse cohorts of 65,120 participants from the United States All of Us Research Program (All of Us) and 31,396 participants from the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB). Genome-wide patterns of pharmacogenomic variation—6311 drug response-associated variants for All of Us and 5966 variants for UKB—were analyzed with machine learning classifiers to predict participants’ self-identified race and ethnicity. Pharmacogenomic variation predicts race/ethnicity with averages of 92.1% accuracy for All of Us and 94.3% accuracy for UKB. Group-specific prediction accuracies range from 99.0% for the White group in UKB to 92.9% for the Hispanic group in All of Us. Prediction accuracies are substantially lower for individuals who identified with more than one group in All of Us (16.7%) or as Mixed in UKB (70.7%). There are numerous individual pharmacogenomic variants with large allele frequency differences between race/ethnicity groups in both cohorts. Frequency differences for toxicity-associated variants predict hundreds of adverse drug reactions per 1000 treated participants for minority groups in All of Us. Our results indicate that race and ethnicity can be used to stratify pharmacogenomic risk in the US and UK populations and should not be discounted when making treatment decisions. We resolve the contradiction between the results reported here and the orthodoxy of race and ethnicity as non-genetic, social constructs by emphasizing the distinction between global and local patterns of human genetic diversity, and we stress the current and future limitations of race and ethnicity as proxies for pharmacogenomic variation.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Abstract 11668: Trends in Statin Use for Primary Prevention by Race/Ethnicity and ASCVD Risk in the US: 2013-2020
- Author
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Jacobs, Joshua A, Addo, Daniel K, Zheutlin, Alexander R, Derington, Catherine G, Essien, Utibe R, Navar, Ann M, Hernandez, Inmaculada, Lloyd-Jones, Donald M, King, Jordan B, Rao, Shreya, Herrick, Jennifer S, Bress, Adam P, and Pandey, Ambarish
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Genomic characterization and computational phenotyping of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from Colombian sugarcane fields
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Luz K. Medina-Cordoba, Aroon T. Chande, Lavanya Rishishwar, Leonard W. Mayer, Lina C. Valderrama-Aguirre, Augusto Valderrama-Aguirre, John Christian Gaby, Joel E. Kostka, and I. King Jordan
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Previous studies have shown the sugarcane microbiome harbors diverse plant growth promoting microorganisms, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria (diazotrophs), which can serve as biofertilizers. The genomes of 22 diazotrophs from Colombian sugarcane fields were sequenced to investigate potential biofertilizers. A genome-enabled computational phenotyping approach was developed to prioritize sugarcane associated diazotrophs according to their potential as biofertilizers. This method selects isolates that have potential for nitrogen fixation and other plant growth promoting (PGP) phenotypes while showing low risk for virulence and antibiotic resistance. Intact nitrogenase (nif) genes and operons were found in 18 of the isolates. Isolates also encode phosphate solubilization and siderophore production operons, and other PGP genes. The majority of sugarcane isolates showed uniformly low predicted virulence and antibiotic resistance compared to clinical isolates. Six strains with the highest overall genotype scores were experimentally evaluated for nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and the production of siderophores, gibberellic acid, and indole acetic acid. Results from the biochemical assays were consistent and validated computational phenotype predictions. A genotypic and phenotypic threshold was observed that separated strains by their potential for PGP versus predicted pathogenicity. Our results indicate that computational phenotyping is a promising tool for the assessment of bacteria detected in agricultural ecosystems.
- Published
- 2021
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36. Psychological formulation in residential teams working with people with dementia : an exploration of multidisciplinary views using Q-methodology
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King, Jordan Matthew
- Subjects
616.8 - Abstract
Psychologists are encouraged to integrate their practice more closely within multidisciplinary mental health teams, whilst maintaining their professional identity (Onyett, 2007). The Team Formulation approach is one solution; this aims to provide a protected thinking space for a group staff to construct a shared understanding of a service user’s difficulties which guides intervention planning (Johnstone, 2014). However, it requires some initial investment from services. Chapter one investigated the evidence relating to the use and effects of team formulation in secondary mental healthcare. Eleven papers were systematically critiqued. A synthesis of findings revealed that whilst team formulations had no direct impact on clinical outcomes, they helped promote psychological thinking and facilitated better working alliances with service users. Several quantitative studies minimised bias through control groups and randomised designs, although practicebased evidence may have overstated effects due to a lack of methodological rigour. To address the identified gaps and limitations of the literature, chapter two describes a Q methodology study exploring multidisciplinary views on formulating with teams in dementia care settings. Participants ranked the relative importance of various aspects of sessions, and elaborated on their views through a semistructured interview. Results indicated three shared viewpoints regarding what was most valued about a team formulation approach, namely: Working together to identify residents’ unmet needs; Prioritising the needs of the resident versus those of the team; and Being heard – Valuing the relationship between the facilitating clinician and team. Viewpoints were explored in terms of their implications for clinical practice, including supporting residential teams to process the emotional impact of their work in addition to maintaining a focus on residents’ individual needs. Finally, chapter three provides a first person reflective account of the process of completing this thesis, and it’s impact on the personal and professional development of the author.
- Published
- 2016
37. Explaining Housing Policy Change through Discursive Institutionalism.
- Author
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King, Jordan Carnaby
- Subjects
- *
HOUSING , *HOUSING policy , *HISTORICAL institutionalism (Sociology) , *POLITICAL science , *POLITICAL sociology - Abstract
Explaining how and why housing policies change is an ongoing theoretical challenge for housing scholars. A key approach is the 'housing regimes' framework (Kemeny 2006), drawing from Esping-Andersen's work on the role of labour/capital struggles in shaping welfare states. However, this framework has been criticised (Stephens 2020; Clapham 2020) for inadequately explaining housing system changes, including neoliberal shifts and financialization. In response, scholars have turned to political science and sociology theories on policy change, such as historical institutionalism (Ruonavaara 2020) and discursive theories focusing on interactions between policy actors (Clapham 2018). This article builds on Clapham's discursive turn in housing studies by incorporating concepts from 'discursive institutionalism' (DI) (Schmidt 2008). DI explains policy change by examining the interplay of ideas, interactions, and power dynamics in a given policy field. DI provides a methodological framework for understanding how policy actors develop and use ideas to shape policies, while considering the influence of the institutional context and power relations. The aim of the article is to highlight the utility of DI as a framework for examining housing policy change. As a vehicle for doing so, an analysis of social housing policy change in New Zealand employing DI is provided for empirical reference. The article builds on Clapham's (2018) focus on discourse in housing studies, adding DI to the repertoire of conceptual frameworks available to researchers interested in the causal role of ideas and discourse in policy change processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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38. Student agency in a sustainability-oriented assessment process: exploring expansive learning in student-led rubric co-design.
- Author
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King, Jordan, Brundiers, Katja, and Fischer, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABILITY , *INTERACTIVE learning , *EDUCATIONAL evaluation , *EDUCATIONAL intervention ,UNDERGRADUATE education - Abstract
Evolving conceptions of the purposes of higher education suggest the need for assessment practices that contribute to preparing students to navigate complex social-ecological challenges. Though shifts in assessment discourse have begun to respond to this need, further examination of the role of students in assessment processes is required. One strategy that has been highlighted is rubric co-design, in which students and instructors interactively deliberate assessment criteria. However, the literature shows that student voices are typically limited in these processes. To address this gap, this study advances a student-led rubric co-design process to promote student agency and learning. Principles from sustainability are applied to orient the activities of students in this approach by emphasizing the participative, normative and integrative features of the process. A formative intervention was conducted in an undergraduate course focused on professional skill development. Data were collected through individual and group reflections, with reflexive thematic analysis applied to develop themes that represented the ways that students navigated their experiences in the assessment process. Findings demonstrate the promise of the approach in enhancing student agency and promoting self-formation as emerging professionals, while articulating the phases and strategies that shape students' leading role in rubric co-design processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Diagnostic Accuracy and Time-Saving Effects of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in Patients With Small Bowel Obstruction: A Prospective Study
- Author
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Boniface, Keith S., King, Jordan B., LeSaux, Maxine A., Haciski, Stanislaw C., and Shokoohi, Hamid
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Association Between Self‐Reported Medication Adherence and Therapeutic Inertia in Hypertension: A Secondary Analysis of SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial)
- Author
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Jacobs, Joshua A., primary, Derington, Catherine G., additional, Zheutlin, Alexander R., additional, King, Jordan B., additional, Cohen, Jordana B., additional, Bucheit, John, additional, Kronish, Ian M., additional, Addo, Daniel K., additional, Morisky, Donald E., additional, Greene, Tom H., additional, and Bress, Adam P., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Population structure and pharmacogenomic risk stratification in the United States
- Author
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Shashwat Deepali Nagar, Andrew B. Conley, and I. King Jordan
- Subjects
Population genomics ,Pharmacogenomics ,Precision public health ,Genetic ancestry ,Race ,Ethnicity ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background Pharmacogenomic (PGx) variants mediate how individuals respond to medication, and response differences among racial/ethnic groups have been attributed to patterns of PGx diversity. We hypothesized that genetic ancestry (GA) would provide higher resolution for stratifying PGx risk, since it serves as a more reliable surrogate for genetic diversity than self-identified race/ethnicity (SIRE), which includes a substantial social component. We analyzed a cohort of 8628 individuals from the United States (US), for whom we had both SIRE information and whole genome genotypes, with a focus on the three largest SIRE groups in the US: White, Black (African-American), and Hispanic (Latino). Our approach to the question of PGx risk stratification entailed the integration of two distinct methodologies: population genetics and evidence-based medicine. This integrated approach allowed us to consider the clinical implications for the observed patterns of PGx variation found within and between population groups. Results Whole genome genotypes were used to characterize individuals’ continental ancestry fractions—European, African, and Native American—and individuals were grouped according to their GA profiles. SIRE and GA groups were found to be highly concordant. Continental ancestry predicts individuals’ SIRE with > 96% accuracy, and accordingly, GA provides only a marginal increase in resolution for PGx risk stratification. In light of the concordance between SIRE and GA, taken together with the fact that information on SIRE is readily available to clinicians, we evaluated PGx variation between SIRE groups to explore the potential clinical utility of race and ethnicity. PGx variants are highly diverged compared to the genomic background; 82 variants show significant frequency differences among SIRE groups, and genome-wide patterns of PGx variation are almost entirely concordant with SIRE. The vast majority of PGx variation is found within rather than between groups, a well-established fact for almost all genetic variants, which is often taken to argue against the clinical utility of population stratification. Nevertheless, analysis of highly differentiated PGx variants illustrates how SIRE partitions PGx variation based on groups’ characteristic ancestry patterns. These cases underscore the extent to which SIRE carries clinically valuable information for stratifying PGx risk among populations, albeit with less utility for predicting individual-level PGx alleles (genotypes), supporting the concept of population pharmacogenomics. Conclusions Perhaps most interestingly, we show that individuals who identify as Black or Hispanic stand to gain far more from the consideration of race/ethnicity in treatment decisions than individuals from the majority White population.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Ancestry effects on type 2 diabetes genetic risk inference in Hispanic/Latino populations
- Author
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Aroon T. Chande, Lavanya Rishishwar, Andrew B. Conley, Augusto Valderrama-Aguirre, Miguel A. Medina-Rivas, and I. King Jordan
- Subjects
Polygenic risk score (PRS) ,Genetic risk ,Type 2 diabetes (T2D) ,Genetic ancestry ,Population genetics ,Hispanic/Latino (HL) ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Hispanic/Latino (HL) populations bear a disproportionately high burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The ability to predict T2D genetic risk using polygenic risk scores (PRS) offers great promise for improved screening and prevention. However, there are a number of complications related to the accurate inference of genetic risk across HL populations with distinct ancestry profiles. We investigated how ancestry affects the inference of T2D genetic risk using PRS in diverse HL populations from Colombia and the United States (US). In Colombia, we compared T2D genetic risk for the Mestizo population of Antioquia to the Afro-Colombian population of Chocó, and in the US, we compared European-American versus Mexican-American populations. Methods Whole genome sequences and genotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project and the ChocoGen Research Project were used for genetic ancestry inference and for T2D polygenic risk score (PRS) calculation. Continental ancestry fractions for HL genomes were inferred via comparison with African, European, and Native American reference genomes, and PRS were calculated using T2D risk variants taken from multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on cohorts with diverse ancestries. A correction for ancestry bias in T2D risk inference based on the frequencies of ancestral versus derived alleles was developed and applied to PRS calculations in the HL populations studied here. Results T2D genetic risk in Colombian and US HL populations is positively correlated with African and Native American ancestry and negatively correlated with European ancestry. The Afro-Colombian population of Chocó has higher predicted T2D risk than Antioquia, and the Mexican-American population has higher predicted risk than the European-American population. The inferred relative risk of T2D is robust to differences in the ancestry of the GWAS cohorts used for variant discovery. For trans-ethnic GWAS, population-specific variants and variants with same direction effects across populations yield consistent results. Nevertheless, the control for bias in T2D risk prediction confirms that explicit consideration of genetic ancestry can yield more reliable cross-population genetic risk inferences. Conclusions T2D associations that replicate across populations provide for more reliable risk inference, and modeling population-specific frequencies of ancestral and derived risk alleles can help control for biases in PRS estimation.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Admixture-enabled selection for rapid adaptive evolution in the Americas
- Author
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Emily T. Norris, Lavanya Rishishwar, Aroon T. Chande, Andrew B. Conley, Kaixiong Ye, Augusto Valderrama-Aguirre, and I. King Jordan
- Subjects
Rapid adaptive evolution ,Positive selection ,Genetic ancestry ,Admixture ,Population genomics ,Polygenic traits ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Admixture occurs when previously isolated populations come together and exchange genetic material. We hypothesize that admixture can enable rapid adaptive evolution in human populations by introducing novel genetic variants (haplotypes) at intermediate frequencies, and we test this hypothesis through the analysis of whole genome sequences sampled from admixed Latin American populations in Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Puerto Rico. Results Our screen for admixture-enabled selection relies on the identification of loci that contain more or less ancestry from a given source population than would be expected given the genome-wide ancestry frequencies. We employ a combined evidence approach to evaluate levels of ancestry enrichment at single loci across multiple populations and multiple loci that function together to encode polygenic traits. We find cross-population signals of African ancestry enrichment at the major histocompatibility locus on chromosome 6, consistent with admixture-enabled selection for enhanced adaptive immune response. Several of the human leukocyte antigen genes at this locus, such as HLA-A, HLA-DRB51, and HLA-DRB5, show independent evidence of positive selection prior to admixture, based on extended haplotype homozygosity in African populations. A number of traits related to inflammation, blood metabolites, and both the innate and adaptive immune system show evidence of admixture-enabled polygenic selection in Latin American populations. Conclusions The results reported here, considered together with the ubiquity of admixture in human evolution, suggest that admixture serves as a fundamental mechanism that drives rapid adaptive evolution in human populations.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Mutations in SORL1 and MTHFDL1 possibly contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease in a multigenerational Colombian Family.
- Author
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Johanna Alexandra Tejada Moreno, Andrés Villegas Lanau, Lucia Madrigal Zapata, Ana Yulied Baena Pineda, Juan Velez Hernandez, Omer Campo Nieto, Alejandro Soto Ospina, Pedronel Araque Marín, Lavanya Rishishwar, Emily T Norris, Aroon T Chande, I King Jordan, and Gabriel Bedoya Berrio
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, affecting over 50 million people worldwide in 2020 and this number will triple to 152 million by 2050. Much of the increase will be in developing countries like Colombia. In familial forms, highly penetrant mutations have been identified in three genes, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, supporting a role for amyloid-β peptide. In sporadic forms, more than 30 risk genes involved in the lipid metabolism, the immune system, and synaptic functioning mechanisms. We used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to evaluate a family of 97 members, spanning three generations, with a familiar AD, and without mutations in APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2. We sequenced two affected and one unaffected member with the aim of identifying genetic variants that could explain the presence of the disease in the family and the candidate variants were validated in eleven members. We also built a structural model to try to determine the effect on protein function. WES analysis identified two rare variants in SORL1 and MTHFD1L genes segregating in the family with other potential risk variants in APOE, ABCA7, and CHAT, suggesting an oligogenic inheritance. Additionally, the structural 3D models of SORL1 and MTHFD1L variants shows that these variants produce polarity changes that favor hydrophobic interactions, resulting in local structural changes that could affect the protein function and may contribute to the development of the disease in this family.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The role of clinical pharmacy anticoagulation services in direct oral anticoagulant monitoring
- Author
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Jones, Aubrey E., King, Jordan B., Kim, Kibum, and Witt, Daniel M.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Genome-Enabled Molecular Subtyping and Serotyping for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli
- Author
-
Sung B. Im, Sonali Gupta, Mani Jain, Aroon T. Chande, Heather A. Carleton, I. King Jordan, and Lavanya Rishishwar
- Subjects
foodborne surveillance ,PulseNet ,machine learning ,random forest ,pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are a major public health burden in the United States, leading to 9.4 million illnesses annually. Since 1996, a national laboratory-based surveillance program, PulseNet, has used molecular subtyping and serotyping methods with the aim to reduce the burden of foodborne illness through early detection of emerging outbreaks. PulseNet affiliated laboratories have used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and immunoassays to subtype and serotype bacterial isolates. Widespread use of serotyping and PFGE for foodborne illness surveillance over the years has resulted in the accumulation of a wealth of routine surveillance and outbreak epidemiological data. This valuable source of data has been used to understand seasonal frequency, geographic distribution, demographic information, exposure information, disease severity, and source of foodborne isolates. In 2019, PulseNet adopted whole genome sequencing (WGS) at a national scale to replace PFGE with higher-resolution methods such as the core genome multilocus sequence typing. Consequently, PulseNet's recent shift to genome-based subtyping methods has rendered the vast collection of historic surveillance data associated with serogroups and PFGE patterns potentially unusable. The goal of this study was to develop a bioinformatics method to associate the WGS data that are currently used by PulseNet for bacterial pathogen subtyping to previously characterized serogroup and PFGE patterns. Previous efforts to associate WGS to PFGE patterns relied on predicting DNA molecular weight based on restriction site analysis. However, these approaches failed owing to the non-uniform usage of genomic restriction sites by PFGE restriction enzymes. We developed a machine learning approach to classify isolates to their most probable serogroup and PFGE pattern, based on comparisons of genomic k-mer signatures. We applied our WGS classification method to 5,970 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates collected as part of PulseNet's routine foodborne surveillance activities between 2003 and 2018. Our machine learning classifier is able to associate STEC WGS to higher-level serogroups with very high accuracy and lower-level PFGE patterns with somewhat lower accuracy. Taken together, these classifications support the ability of public health investigators to associate currently generated WGS data with historical epidemiological knowledge linked to serogroups and PFGE patterns in support of outbreak surveillance for food safety and public health.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Genetic ancestry and ethnic identity in Ecuador
- Author
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Shashwat Deepali Nagar, Andrew B. Conley, Aroon T. Chande, Lavanya Rishishwar, Shivam Sharma, Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez, Gabriela Aguinaga-Romero, Fabricio González-Andrade, and I. King Jordan
- Subjects
genetic ancestry ,ethnicity ,Ecuador ,Latin America ,population genetics ,genomics ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Summary: We investigated the ancestral origins of four Ecuadorian ethnic groups—Afro-Ecuadorian, Mestizo, Montubio, and the Indigenous Tsáchila—in an effort to gain insight on the relationship between ancestry, culture, and the formation of ethnic identities in Latin America. The observed patterns of genetic ancestry are largely concordant with ethnic identities and historical records of conquest and colonization in Ecuador. Nevertheless, a number of exceptional findings highlight the complex relationship between genetic ancestry and ethnicity in Ecuador. Afro-Ecuadorians show far less African ancestry, and the highest levels of Native American ancestry, seen for any Afro-descendant population in the Americas. Mestizos in Ecuador show high levels of Native American ancestry, with substantially less European ancestry, despite the relatively low Indigenous population in the country. The recently recognized Montubio ethnic group is highly admixed, with substantial contributions from all three continental ancestries. The Tsáchila show two distinct ancestry subgroups, with most individuals showing almost exclusively Native American ancestry and a smaller group showing a Mestizo characteristic pattern. Considered together with historical data and sociological studies, our results indicate the extent to which ancestry and culture interact, often in unexpected ways, to shape ethnic identity in Ecuador.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Comparing Genetic and Socioenvironmental Contributions to Ethnic Differences in C-Reactive Protein
- Author
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Shashwat Deepali Nagar, Andrew B. Conley, Shivam Sharma, Lavanya Rishishwar, I. King Jordan, and Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- Subjects
C-reacitve protein ,inflammation ,race and ethnicity (minority issues) ,health disparities ,genetic ancestry ,socioeconomic stages ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a routinely measured blood biomarker for inflammation. Elevated levels of circulating CRP are associated with response to infection, risk for a number of complex common diseases, and psychosocial stress. The objective of this study was to compare the contributions of genetic ancestry, socioenvironmental factors, and inflammation-related health conditions to ethnic differences in C-reactive protein levels. We used multivariable regression to compare CRP blood serum levels between Black and White ethnic groups from the United Kingdom Biobank (UKBB) prospective cohort study. CRP serum levels are significantly associated with ethnicity in an age and sex adjusted model. Study participants who identify as Black have higher average CRP than those who identify as White, CRP increases with age, and females have higher average CRP than males. Ethnicity and sex show a significant interaction effect on CRP. Black females have higher average CRP levels than White females, whereas White males have higher average CRP than Black males. Significant associations between CRP, ethnicity, and genetic ancestry are almost completely attenuated in a fully adjusted model that includes socioenvironmental factors and inflammation-related health conditions. BMI, smoking, and socioeconomic deprivation all have high relative effects on CRP. These results indicate that socioenvironmental factors contribute more to CRP ethnic differences than genetics. Differences in CRP are associated with ethnic disparities for a number of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, essential hypertension, sarcoidosis, and lupus erythematosus. Our results indicate that ethnic differences in CRP are linked to both socioenvironmental factors and numerous ethnic health disparities.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Healthy Lifestyles to Reduce Risk of Dementia
- Author
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Elliott-King, Jordan, Magistro, Daniele, Hogervorst, Eef, Peel, Elizabeth, editor, Holland, Carol, editor, and Murray, Michael, editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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50. Multiple Social Vulnerabilities to Health Disparities and Hypertension and Death in the REGARDS Study
- Author
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King, Jordan B., Pinheiro, Laura C., Bryan Ringel, Joanna, Bress, Adam P., Shimbo, Daichi, Muntner, Paul, Reynolds, Kristi, Cushman, Mary, Howard, George, Manly, Jennifer J., and Safford, Monika M.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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