1. Photocleavable Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes: Fast Release with Spatiotemporal Control in Inner Leaflets of Plasma Membrane, Nuclear Envelope, and Secretory Pathway
- Author
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Javier López-Andarias, Quentin T. L. Pasquer, Naomi Sakai, Sascha Hoogendoorn, Stefan Matile, Lea Assies, and Krikor Eblighatian
- Subjects
Membrane asymmetry ,Nuclear Envelope ,Mechanosensitivity ,Catalysis ,Membrane tension ,Fast release ,Humans ,Secretory pathway ,Envelope (waves) ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Photocleavage ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,Cell Membrane ,Optical Imaging ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Photochemical Processes ,Fluorescence ,Membrane ,ddc:540 ,Fluorescent probes ,Biophysics ,Mechanosensitive channels ,Linker ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
Mechanosensitive flipper probes are attracting interest as fluorescent reporters of membrane order and tension in biological systems. We introduce PhotoFlippers, which contain a photocleavable linker and an ultralong tether between mechanophore and various targeting motifs. Upon irradiation, the original probe is released and labels the most ordered membrane that is accessible by intermembrane transfer. Spatiotemporal control from photocleavable flippers is essential to access open, dynamic or elusive membrane motifs without chemical or physical interference. For instance, fast release with light is shown to place the original small-molecule probes into the innermost leaflet of the nuclear envelope to image changes in membrane tension, at specific points in time of membrane trafficking along the secretory pathway, or in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to explore membrane asymmetry. These results identify PhotoFlippers as useful chemistry tools to enable research in biology.
- Published
- 2021
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