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Rhinolophus beddomei sobrinus Rhinolophus beddomei sobrinus Andersen 1918 Kala Oya, North Central Province, Ceylon (= Sri Lanka). Sri Lankan Woolly Horseshoe Bat. Diagnosis: A medium-sized Rhinolophid belonging to trifoliatus group, with an average forearm length of 57.36 ± 1.11 mm. Horseshoe is broad, does not cover the whole of the muzzle, and possesses well-developed basal lappets. One mental groove is seen on the lower lip. Sella long (50–60% of the lancet) and distinctly shaped; superior connecting process rounded off to an anteriorly-projected inferior extremity; inferior connecting process slightly wavy. Lancet high, with a broad concave lower part (about 60% from the base) and a distinctly narrower tapering upper part. Skull robust with a CCL of 22.41 ± 0.26 mm; the maxillary tooth row (CM 3) is 9.58 ± 0.28 mm. Supraorbital depression deep and the supraorbital ridges are well-defined. First upper premolar (PM 2) small with a distinct cusp, and is in the tooth row. The second lower premolar (PM 3) is minute and is slightly extruded from the tooth row, leaving a small gap between PM 2 and PM 4. Body covered with dense and woolly fur, which is light brown to dark greyish brown. Baculum measures 4.94 mm long with a long shaft and a two-pronged broad base. External characters: This is a medium-sized Rhinolophid (FA 57.36 ± 1.11 mm; Table 3). Ears large (EL 29.50 ± 2.56 mm) and broad, with a pointed tip; antitragus well-developed and broadly triangular in shape, tragus absent; ridges 9 in number; the basal half of the ear covered with hair while the apical half scantly haired and the tip is totally devoid of hair (Fig. 9a); a concavity is observed on the outer border just below the tip. The lower lip has one mental groove (Fig. 9b). Horseshoe broad and flat, does not cover the muzzle entirely, with a well-developed, deep, and broad anterior median emargination (Fig. 9d). Internarial cup of the horseshoe broad, attached to the horseshoe by a narrow and short stalk, and flanked by two distinct lateral basal lappets when viewed frontally; nares teardrop-shaped and relatively large, located on either side of the base of the internarial cup. Nares large in size causing the lateral borders of the internarial cup to be upturned. Sella long (50–60% of the height of the lancet) and projects outwards (Fig. 9e), distinctly complex when viewed laterally, typical to species of the Rhinolophus trifoliatus group. Superior connecting process of the sella rounded off to an anteriorly-projected inferior extremity; inferior connecting process slightly wavy, connecting basally on both sides to the lateral lappets. Base of the sella broad, concave in the middle; it narrows halfway up its length towards the upper part, and the sides are parallel continuing towards a rounded-off tip (Fig. 9c). Lancet high, with a broad concave lower part (about 60% from the base) and a distinctly narrower tapering upper part. In the wing, the third metacarpal is much shorter than the fourth and fifth metacarpals (40.01 ± 1.5 mm vs. 45.57 ± 0.38 mm and 47.47 ± 1.62 mm respectively). The first and second phalanges of the third metacarpal are 52.26% and 83.41% of the third metacarpal respectively. The wing membrane is attached to the base of the first toe, and the interfemoral membrane is attached to the tibia (Fig. 9h). Body covered with dense fur. Face is hairy, but hair around eyes and the horseshoe less dense. On the ventral surface the fur extends along the forearm and a little below the anal region. The other parts of the membranes are devoid of hairs. On the dorsal surface the fur does not extend beyond the body. The penis is slender, parallel-sided, tapering to a narrowly rounded tip (Fig. 9f, g). Colouration (live): Fur woolly with fur colour in live condition being greyish brown. Individual hairs have grey bases followed by dark brown to fawn middle portion and pale to white hair tips (Fig. 6b). Craniodental characters: The GTL and CCL of the skull are 26.64 ± 0.87 mm and 22.41 ± 0.26 mm respectively and the skull is narrow and robust (Fig. 10a) (Table 3). Sagittal crest well-developed, connects to the supraorbital ridges (Fig. 10a), and extends up to the parietal region of the cranium (Fig. 10b). Rostrum robust, bulged, and relatively tall. The nasal inflations are well-developed and are located median on the rostrum, anterior to a deep supraorbital depression, which is flanked by well-defined supraorbital ridges. The sagittal crest is higher than the height of the rostrum. The skull is broadest at the widest point of the zygomatic arches. Zygomatic arches wide and strong (ZB 13.12 ± 0.40 mm), with a blunt triangular dorsal arch immediately anterior to the widest point (Fig. 10c). The second upper premolar (PM 2) is small with a distinct cusp, situated in the tooth row in contact with the canine and PM 4. The fourth upper premolar (PM 4) is roughly 58% the height of the upper canine (C 1; Fig. 10b). The upper tooth row (CM 3 9.58 ± 0.28 mm) is anteriorly convergent; C 1 –C 1 is about 67.86% of M 3 –M 3. The first and the second upper molars (M 1 & M 2) are equal in size. The third upper molar (M 3) is two-third the size of the first and the second molars; the metacone of M 3 is reduced and the metastyle is lacking (Fig. 10d). Two pairs of tricuspidate mandibular incisors (I 1 –I 3) are present (Fig. 10 e & g); the second lower premolar (PM 2) is small and half the height of the fourth lower premolar (PM 4); The third lower premolar (PM 3) is minute and slightly extruded from the tooth row, leaving a gap between PM 2 and PM 4 (Fig. 10e). The fourth lower premolar (PM 4) is about 65% the height of the lower canine, and roughly the same height as the first lower molar (M 1; Fig. 10f). The first and second lower molars M 1 and M 2 are of the same size while the third molar M 3 is slightly smaller than the other two. The talonoid of M 3 is broader than the trigonid, and the entoconid is lacking. Baculum: The baculum of R. b. sobrinus measures 4.94 mm long and is comprised of a thick shaft which expands into a two-pronged broad and robust base (1.76 mm) (Fig. 11 a,b). The base shows the presence of a deep groove on the ventral surface. The shaft is slender, ends with a broadly rounded tip and shows a concavity just below the tip which is visible in the lateral profile (Fig. 11c). Ecology: The Sri Lankan Woolly Horseshoe Bat is mostly found in caves, overhanging rock ledges, tree hollows, wells, old buildings, old abandoned plumbago mines, and tunnels, in or near dense dry and tropical moist forests, typically hanging by one foot, with the wings wrapped around the body. They live solitary, in pairs or in small parties of up to four individuals. They produce one to two pups per brood in Sri Lanka (Phillips 1980; Edirisinghe et al. 2016; Kusuminda et al. 2018). It has been recorded at elevations ranging from 43 m asl to 462 m asl (one specimen from Medamahanuwera, Central Province was found at 1077 m asl; Bates & Harrison 1997). Distribution: The Sri Lankan Woolly Horseshoe Bat is endemic to Sri Lanka. It has been recorded from many parts of the island except the northern and the eastern Provinces. The northernmost and southernmost records of the species are from Kala Oya (North Central Province) and Thalgasmankada (Southern Province) respectively., Published as part of Srinivasulu, Aditya, Srinivasulu, Bhargavi, Kusuminda, Tharaka, Amarasinghe, Chamara, Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B., Karunarathna, Mathisha, Mannakkara, Amani, Yapa, Wipula B. & Srinivasulu, Chelmala, 2023, Taxonomic status of the Lesser Woolly Horseshoe bats (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus beddomei) in peninsular India and Sri Lanka, pp. 199-218 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on pages 211-215, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8030308, {"references":["Andersen, K. (1918) Diagnoses of new bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 374 - 384.","Phillips, W. W. A. (1980) Manual of the mammals of Sri Lanka. Part 1. 2 nd Revised Edition. Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 116 pp.","Edirisinghe, W. G. M., de Silva, I. M. C., Kusuminda, T. G. T., Thilina, M. H. D. K. & Gunawardana, K. D. S. D. (2016) New breeding data on Rhinolophus beddomei in Sri Lanka: First record of juveniles. Barbastella, 9 (1), 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.14709 / BarbJ. 9.1.2016.03","Kusuminda, T., Mannakkara, A., Patterson, B. D. & Yapa, W. B. (2018) Bats in tea plantations in Sri Lanka: species richness and distribution. Journal of Bat Research & Conservation, 11 (1), 96 - 105.","Bates, P. J. J. & Harrison, D. L. (1997) The Bats of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum Publications, Sevenoaks, 258 pp."]}

Rhinolophus beddomei beddomei Rhinolophus beddomei Andersen 1905, Wynaad, Madras (= Kerala), India. Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat. External characters: A large-sized Rhinolophid belonging to trifoliatus group, with an average forearm length of 63.19 ± 2.63 mm. Fur dense and woolly, dark grey in colour with pale hair tips. The hair is very densely arranged on the body both dorsally and ventrally. The extent of fur is little beyond the body and extends sparsely on to the interfemoral on the dorsal surface. Hair is seen on either side of the legs just above the knee area to upper half of the tibia. Ears tall (28.98 ± 2.04 mm) and broad with a pointed tip. Antitragus broad and tall and is half the height of the pinna. Ear has 12 ridges. Long dense hair covers half the pinna, the distal half has scattered hair and the extreme tip is devoid of any hair. A concavity is observed on the outer border just below the tip (Fig. 5a). Only one mental groove on the lower lip is seen (Fig. 5b). The horseshoe is about 4 mm broad and covers the whole of the muzzle completely. The median emargination is about 3 mm deep but does not divide the horseshoe into two. The outer borders of the horseshoe are wavy. Nostrils are large and teardrop shaped and placed very close to each other. The posterior borders of the internarial cup are upturned due to large size and placement of the nostrils (Fig. 5d). The base of the sella extends on either side and forms the basal lappets which are large and circular and hang over the internarial cup and the distal half of the narial openings. The sella forms a complex structure when viewed laterally and overhangs the internarial cup (Fig. 5e). The inferior extremity of the sella is concave and slightly wavy. The sella is small about 40% the height of the lancet, has a broad base and is narrow distally (Fig. 5c). The superior connecting process of the sella broadly rounded off. The lancet is about 4 mm tall and ends with a narrowly rounded tip. In the wing the third metacarpal is shorter than the fourth metacarpal and the fifth metacarpals (42.71 ± 0.78 mm vs 50.38 ± 2.11 mm and 49.87 ± 1.99 mm). The first and the second phalanges are 57.57% and 76.75% of the third metacarpal respectively. Penis is thick, short and has a groove just below its tip, which is broadly rounded off (Fig. 5f). The wing membranes essentially naked with sparse and scattered hair. On the ventral surface the membranes have scattered sparse hair. Face and noseleaf very hairy. Feet hairy and large. Wings attached to the base of the first toe and the interfemoral membrane is attached to the ankle (Fig. 5g). Colouration (live): In the live condition the fur is woolly, long and the colour is dark grey to black with paler hair tips (Fig. 6a). Craniodental characters: Skull is long, narrow and robust (GTL: 28.12 ± 0.43 mm; CCL: 24.01 ± 0.47 mm) (Fig. 7a). Rostrum is elevated and has nasal swellings located medially on the rostrum. The sagittal crest is well developed and joins the supraorbital processes just behind the rostrum to form a deep supraorbital depression. The sagittal crest extends up to the parietal region of the skull. The lambdoid crests are not well developed. The sagittal crest and the rostrum are of the same height (Fig. 7b). Zygoma are robust, well developed and flared (ZB: 14.06 ± 0.56 mm); a triangle shaped dorsal arch seen on each zygoma (Fig. 7c). The upper tooth row (CM 3) averages 10.50 ± 0.38 mm. The second upper premolar (PM 2) is small, present in the tooth row, and located between the canine and the fourth upper premolar (PM 4). In comparison to PM 4, PM 2 seems minute and is situated between the canine and the PM 4. The PM 2 is in contact with the canine and is almost touching PM 4 (Fig. 7d). The fourth premolar is about three quarters the height of the robust canine. M 1 and M 2 are of the same size. M 3 is three quarters the size of M 2 but lacks the metastyle portion of the molar. Two pairs of tricuspidate mandibular incisors are present. The lower canines are slender than the upper. The canine shows a slight concavity on the posterior border (Fig. 7e, f). The second lower premolar (PM 2) is about 66% the height of the fourth premolar (PM 4). The third lower premolar (PM 3) is minute and is in the tooth row in some specimens resulting in a gap between PM 2 and PM 4 and in some slightly extruded from the tooth row resulting in PM 2 and PM 4 almost touching. M 1 and M 2 equal in size, M 3 slightly smaller than M 2. The talonoid of M 3 is broader than the trigonid, and the entoconid less developed (Fig. 7f). Baculum: The baculum of R. b. beddomei is long, measuring 5.8 mm, comprise a narrow distal shaft and a thick triangular base (2.2 mm wide) with a deep median groove (Fig. 8a). The shaft ends with a narrowly rounded tip. The base has a clear sulcus just above the median groove (Fig. 8b). The distal end of the shaft possesses a ridge-like protuberance towards the tip of the shaft on the ventral surface (Fig. 8c). Ecology: The Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat has been observed to roost solitary or in pairs, often mothers with pups have been observed to roost together. Roosting sites include old dilapidated buildings, temples, abandoned wells, tree hollows, old forts near the proximity of forested areas and caves. It has been observed with one pup and has been also observed to become inactive, tightly wrapping itself with its wings during winter season and sharing its roost with other Rhinolophid species. Distribution: The Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat is endemic to India, and is distributed in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh., Published as part of Srinivasulu, Aditya, Srinivasulu, Bhargavi, Kusuminda, Tharaka, Amarasinghe, Chamara, Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B., Karunarathna, Mathisha, Mannakkara, Amani, Yapa, Wipula B. & Srinivasulu, Chelmala, 2023, Taxonomic status of the Lesser Woolly Horseshoe bats (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus beddomei) in peninsular India and Sri Lanka, pp. 199-218 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on pages 207-211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8030308, {"references":["Andersen, K. (1905) On the Rhinolophus philippinensis group and five new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 16 (7), 243 - 257."]}

Srinivasulu, Aditya, Srinivasulu, Bhargavi, Kusuminda, Tharaka, Amarasinghe, Chamara, Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B., Karunarathna, Mathisha, Mannakkara, Amani, Yapa, Wipula B., Srinivasulu, Chelmala (2023): Taxonomic status of the Lesser Woolly Horseshoe bats (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus beddomei) in peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Zootaxa 5301 (2): 199-218, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3

Miniopterus phillipsi sp. nov. Phillips’s Long fingered Bat Synonymy Miniopterus schreibersii Blanford, 1891 (in part): not Vespertilio schreibersii Kuhl, 1817. Miniopterus fuliginosus Tian et al., 2004 (in part): not Vespertilio fuliginosus Hodgson, 1835. Holotype NMSL 2021.03.01.NH (field no. TK0122), collected by Tharaka Kusuminda and Mathisha Karunarathne on 29 January 2019. An adult female preserved in 70% alcohol and deposited at National Museum of Sri Lanka, the skull has been extracted and cleaned. There is a scar on left shoulder of the specimen made while collecting the tissue sample. Its partial COI sequence is available from GenBank as accession OL688878. Type locality Idulgashinna cave, near Idulgashinna railway station (6.779131 N, 80.896704 E; 1590 m a.s.l. — Fig. 3 and Supplementary Fig. S 2), at an edge of Dunkanda division of Bio Tea Garden tea plantation in the Badulla District, Uva Province, Sri Lanka. The holotype was collected in a harp trap set in front of the cave entrance. Paratypes Two adult male specimens NMSL 2021.03.02.NH and NMSL 2021.03.03.NH, collected at the same locality as the holotype on 29 January 2019 (Fig. 4). These two specimens are currently preserved in 70% alcohol at National Museum of Sri Lanka. Tongue muscle of NMSL 2021.03.02.NH was preserved in 99% ethanol. The skulls were extracted and cleaned. The paratypes were not sequenced. Referred specimens Two specimens (NMSL 177C and NWRTC TK156) were collected from mid-elevations in Kegalle District of Central Sri Lanka (a cave in Sandaraja forest, Doteloya, Aranayaka, Sri Lanka on 02 January 2019). These two specimens have not been sequenced for COI gene, but one (NMSL 177C) has been sequenced for the mitochondrial 16S gene and was determined to be the same species (T. Kusuminda, A. Mannakkara, K. D. B. Ukuwela, M. Karunarathna, B. D. Patterson, and W. B. Yapa, In litt.). Moreover, these two specimens are morphologically identifiable as M. phillipsi sp. nov. by LDA. A biopsy punch was obtained from a Miniopterus captured and released (field no. TK0064) near the Tea Research Institute in Nuwara Eliya District (Talawakele, Sri Lanka on 02 October 2018). This individual’s COI sequence (GenBank no. OL688877) was 98% similar to the holotype’s sequence, hence it was identified as M. phillipsi sp. nov. Another three specimens (NMSL 177D, NWRTC TK117 and HZM 263.29194) were collected from Wavulgalge cave, Nikapitiya, Wellwaya (Moneragala District of Sri Lanka) and four specimens (NMSL 177E, HZM 260.27644, HZM 261.27645 and HZM 262.29137) were collected from Wavulpane cave, Pallebedda (Ratnapura District of Sri Lanka). These seven specimens have not been sequenced but morphological similarities and LDA assignments provisionally assign them to M. phillipsi sp. nov. Likewise, 18 specimens collected from Western India (HZM 258.25669, HZM 254.25009, HNHM 92.156.1– HNHM 92.124.16) have not been sequenced but were identified morphologically as M. phillipsi sp. nov. using LDA; they were obtained from the same colony where a genotyped individual for COI gene (GenBank no. MG 821206 — C. Srinivasulu, B. Srinivasulu, T. A. Shah, and G. Devender, unpublished data) was collected, i.e. Robbers’ Cave, near Mahabaleswar, Maharashtra, India (Fig. 3). Etymology This species is named after W. W. A. Phillips (William Watt Addison Phillips, 1892–1981) in recognition of his immense contributions to studies on the mammals of Sri Lanka and South Asia. Phillips was born and grew up in England and he was a nature lover since his childhood. He was a tea planter by profession and came to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1911. Diagnosis Miniopterus phillipsi sp. nov. is distinguished by its intermediate size from both smaller and larger congeners in India and Sri Lanka. M. pusillus is much smaller than M. phillipsi sp. nov. in the external measurements TIB (M. phillipsi sp. nov. is distinguished from M. magnater by the latter’s larger external measurements (HB> 56 mm and d 3m> 46 mm) and skull size (GLSK> 16.4 mm — Tables 3 and 4). The new species is generally smaller than M. fuliginosus in both external and cranial dimensions, although there is slight overlap (Figs. 5–7). There are significant differences between M. phillipsi sp. nov. and M. fuliginosus in GSKL (P P = 0.026), MAW (P P = 0.046), LW (P = 0.001), ML (P = 0.001), M3–M3 (P = 0.002), C–M3 (P = 0.002), I1–M3 (P = 0.001) and i1–m3 (P M. fuliginosus is larger than M. phillipsi sp. nov. (Tables 4 and 5). Miniopterus phillipsi sp. nov. also differs significantly from M. fuliginosus in the ratio of tibia to forearm length (TIB/FA; P = 0.002) and the ratio of second phalanx of third digit to third metacarpal (d3mp2/d 3m; P = 0.023). In M. phillipsi sp. nov., TIB/FA ratio is usually higher (median: 42.16%, range: 41.1–43.9%) than in M. fuliginosus (40.78%, 39.6–42.1%), whereas d3mp2/d 3m ratio is lower (83.27%, 79.3–90.4% versus 88.55%, 81.6– 90.9%, respectively). The tragus of M. phillipsi sp. nov. is medium-sized in both length and width. The tragus of M. magnater is longer, broader, and more pointed towards the tip than the other three species in India and Sri Lanka. The middle of the tragus is much broader than its base and tip in M. magnater (slightly broader in M. phillipsi sp. nov.). The tragus of M. fuliginosus has parallel margins along most of its length, as does that of M. pusillus. However, the tragus of M. pusillus is shorter in length and barely curved forward compared to the other three species (Fig. 8). Description Miniopterus phillipsi sp. nov. is a medium-sized bat (FA 44–49 mm) exhibiting the typical features of the genus i.e. an elongated second phalanx of the third digit, short and rounded ears, high forehead, short and broad muzzle, and slender and slightly curved tragus with rounded tip (Supplementary Fig. S3). Tail length approximately equals head-andbody length (Table 3). The ear is relatively short and rounded (ca. 12 mm in length) and not readily distinguishable from that of M. fuliginosus (Table 3). The tragus is medium sized (5 mm) and slightly curved forward with a rounded tip (Fig. 8). The external measurements of the holotype, paratypes and other specimens of M. phillipsi sp. nov. are given in Table 3. Fur is dense and soft, fairly long above and short below. Fur slightly extending onto the membranes ventrally, but dorsally confined to the body. The pelage is chocolate-brown above and slightly paler on the under parts (Supplementary Fig. S4). Individual hairs are the same color throughout. The skull of M. phillipsi sp. nov. has a wide rostrum and round braincase typical of the genus (Figs. 5–7). Cranial measurements for the holotype and paratypes of M. phillipsi sp. nov. are shown in Table 4. The dentition of M. phillipsi sp. nov. is I 2/3, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3, which is typical of the genus Miniopterus. Dental measurements of the holotype and paratypes of M. phillipsi sp. nov. are shown in Table 5. Natural History This species is distributed from lower to higher elevations (263–1590 m) of wet and intermediate climatic zones of Sri Lanka. The type locality is the highest elevation it was captured (1590 m); specimens captured at Talawakele (1411 m) document its range in the central highlands of Sri Lanka. Specimens captured at Doteloya were roosting in a granite cave at the edge of a tropical wet lowland rainforest (Survey Department of Sri Lanka, 2012). Wellawaya and Pallebedda records lie at lower elevations of intermediate climatic zone of Sri Lanka. In western India, it was recorded from Robbers’ Cave, located in the evergreen forest of Mahabaleshwar region of northern Western Ghats at an elevation of 1217 m. Like other members of this genus, this species apparently prefers to roost in caves and tunnels. Colony sizes of this species are estimated at 1,300 – 1,500 bats in Idulgashinna Cave, 700–1000 bats in Wavulgalge Cave, Wellawaya (Yapa et al., 2005), 50–100 bats in Sandaraja Cave, Doteloya (Kusuminda et al., 2020), 200,000 bats in Wavulpane Cave, Pallebedda (Digana, 2004), and 4,200 bats in Robbers’ Cave, Mahabaleshwar (Korad et al., 2006). Pregnant and lactating females of this species were reported in July and August in Sri Lanka (Digana, 2004; Kusuminda et al., 2018). DISCUSSION, Published as part of Kusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B., Kruskop, Sergei V., Amarasinghe, Chamara J., Saikia, Uttam, Venugopal, Parvathy, Karunarathna, Mathisha, Gamage, Rajika, Ruedi, Manuel, Csorba, Gábor, Yapa, Wipula B. & Patterson, Bruce D., 2022, DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka, pp. 1-17 in Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1) on pages 4-13, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/7734781, {"references":["BLANFORD, W. T. 1891. The fauna of British India, Mammalia. Taylor and Francis, London, 617 pp.","KUHL, H. 1817. Die deutschen Fledermause. Wetterauische Gesellschaft fur die Gesammte Naturkunde zu Hanau, 4: 11 - 49.","TIAN, L., B. LIANG, K. MAEDA, W. METZNER, and S. ZHANG. 2004. Molecular studies on the classification of Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Folia Zoologica, 53: 303 - 311.","HODGSON, B. H. 1835. Synopsis of the Vespertilionidae of Nepal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 4: 699 - 701.","DINERSTEIN, E., D. OLSON, A. JOSHI, C. VYNNE, N. D. BURGESS, E. WIKRAMANAYAKE, N. HAHN, S. PALMINTERI, P. HEDAO, R. NOSS, et al. 2017. An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. BioScience, 67: 534 - 545.","SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF SRI LANKA. 2012. National atlas of Sri Lanka, 2 nd edition. Survey Department of Sri Lanka, Colombo.","YAPA, W. B., W. D. RATNASOORIYA, H. H. COSTA, and R. RUB- SAMEN. 2005. Inflight and outflight activity patterns of five species of cave dwelling bats in Sri Lanka. Journal of Science University of Kelaniya, 2: 41 - 62.","KUSUMINDA, T., A. MANNAKKARA, M. KARUNARATHNA, C. AMARASINGHE, B. D. PATTERSON, and W. B. YAPA. 2020. Review of the distribution of Sri Lankan bats: family Miniopteridae. WILDLANKA, 8: 152 - 162.","DIGANA, P. M. C. B. 2004. Some aspects on ecology and biology of Sri Lankan bats. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Colombo, Colombo, 273 pp.","KORAD, V. S., M. C. 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