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Given the wide application of hybrid engines, how to improve hybrid engine fuel economy is being more and more studied, and using the Atkinson cycle to improve fuel economy is considered effective. In this study, the in-cylinder direct injection engine model was established with the data obtained from a benchmarking test using the GT-POWER simulation software. The working process of this engine was simulated after using Atkinson cycle. This simulation primarily focused on the research of the impact on engine fuel economy with different late intake valve closing strategies. The simulation results were calculated under the partial load conditions which are typically used in hybrid engines. The results indicated that engine fuel economy improved and fuel consumption decreased by using the Atkinson cycle. However, the Atkinson cycle would cause a decrease in power.

The varying characteristics of steel material consumption, oxygen consumption, and converter gas volume were studied when different ferrous materials and different proportions of limestone were used in 60 t converter. The results show that when liquid steel is used as raw material and mixture of slag-steel and lump ore as coolants, the steel material consumption per ton steel is the min-imum (only 1072.07 kg), and when liquid steel and scrap steel are used as raw materials and slag-iron by magnetic separation as coolant, the steel material consumption per ton steel reaches the maximum (1092.91 kg). Meanwhile, with the increase of the amount of limestone, the steel material consumption is increased, the oxygen consumption is slightly decreased, and the gas volume is im-proved. The results will provide a new method for optimizing the material structure and reducing the production cost in steelmaking process.

The influence of transition metals (Zn, Cd and Ni) on bismuth magnesium niobate (Bi3.5Mg1.8Nb2.7O13.8, BMN) pyrochlores was investigated. Considering the difference in their ionic radii, Cd was postulated to substitute Mg at the eight-fold coordinated A-site whereas Zn and Ni were to replace Mg at the six-fold coordinated B-sites of the host structure. Solubility limits in these substitutional pyrochlore solid solutions were determined to be 0.4, 0.1 and 0.3 for Zn, Ni and Cd, respectively. Upon introducing these divalent cation dopants, notable changes in the lattice parameters and grain sizes were observed with increasing dopant concentration. The high dielectric constants, ε′ of Zn, Cd and Ni doped BMN pyrochlores were discernible with their bulk values of 195-216, 173-195 and 153-195, respectively. The highest ε′ of 216 was recorded for the composition with Zn = 0.1 in contrast to the lowest value of 153 found in the composition with Ni = 0.1. Meanwhile, these highly insulating divalent cation doped BMN pyrochlores also exhibit low dielectric losses, tan _ whose values are in the order of 10−3. The excellent dielectric properties allow these novel pyrochlore phases to be potentially applied for the energy storage applications.

Objective To investigate the effect of melanoma associated antigen D1 (Mage-D1) on mouse femoral bone mass and mineralization ability of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods Female Mage-D1 gene knockout heterozygous mice and male wild-type (WT) mice were subjected as parent mice to breed Mage-D1 gene knockout homozygous (Mage-D1 KO) mice. PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to identify male Mage-D1 knockout (Mage-D1 KO) mice and littermate male wild-type (WT) mice. Micro-CT scanning was performed to observe mouse femoral bone mass, and ELISA and chemical assay were employed to detect serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone in mice. After primary cultured BMSCs were identified with flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining was utilized to detect the expression of Mage-D1 in BMSCs. BMSCs were infected by Mage-D1 silencing lentivirus, and then the cells were divided into negative control group (sh-NC) and silencing group (sh-Mage-D1). Cell scratch assay was conducted to detect the migration ability of BMSCs, and flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay were conducted to detect the cycle change and proliferation ability of BMSCs. After mineralization induction, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were performed; RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression levels of ALP, Runx2 and Col1. RT-qPCR was used to detect mineralization-related genes p75NTR and Msx1. Results Compared with the WT mice, the femoral cortical bone thickness, cortical bone mineral content, cancellous bone mineral content, trabecular number, and cancellous bone surface density were decreased, and trabecular separation was increased in the Mage-D1 knockout homozygous mice (P

Starting with the actual operational requirements of active defense, this paper analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and usage scenarios of different trajectory prediction methods, also analyzes the differences between the active defense combat scenarios of air platforms and other aircraft trajectory prediction scenarios that are currently mainly studied. A state estimation scheme based on extended Kalman filtering is proposed for the special attack intent and motion law of the trajectory prediction object in this scenario. It simulates the process of the attack missile guided with proportional guidance law attacking aircraft based on simulation software, to establish an observation model under conditions of constant proportional guidance coefficient, and performs linearization simulation using Kalman filter nonlinear model. The motion states of the attack missile at different times are observed and the short-term trajectory prediction is performed. The simulation results show that the model can significantly reduce state estimation errors in the active defense combat scenario.

BackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized primarily by erythema and scales, having a wide-ranging impact globally. Previous studies have suggested that dietary consumption habits may influence psoriasis. The objective of this study was to determine the causal relationship between dietary consumption habits and psoriasis using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.MethodsSNP data for 29 dietary consumption habits and psoriasis were obtained from the GWAS catalog database and the FinnGen database, respectively. The Mendelian Randomization analysis was performed using R software, with the 29 dietary consumption habits as the exposure factors and psoriasis as the outcome. Three MR analysis methods—Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), Weighted Median Estimator (WME), and MR-Egger regression—were employed to study the causal relationship between dietary consumption habits and psoriasis.ResultsThe IVW analysis indicated an OR (95%CI) of 0.065 (0.008–0.555), p = 0.012, demonstrating a negative correlation between the consumption of dried fruit and psoriasis.ConclusionAmong the 29 dietary consumption habits analyzed, the intake of dried fruits is a protective factor against psoriasis. Therefore, it is clinically advisable to appropriately increase the intake of dried fruits among patients with psoriasis, serving as a nutritional therapy method in conjunction with pharmacological treatment.

A theoretical model is established to study the breakup of a charged power law liquid jet, which is moving in stationary air. Furthermore, the effect of a uniform axial electric field is considered in this mathematical model. The liquid non-Newtonian behavior is explained by the power law model, which is assumed to be a Taylor–Melcher leaky dielectric material in this case. The corresponding dispersion relation is derived through a linear analysis. Besides, the effects of the axial electric field with a low and a high density of surface charge, the asymmetric disturbances, and relaxation time on the charged power law liquid jet instability are investigated. Results show that the effects of the axial electric field intensity on the charged power law liquid jet are different when the density of charge on the liquid surface is set as low and high. Besides, the asymmetric disturbances dominate the jet instability when the charge density is set as low, and the axisymmetric disturbance dominates the jet instability when the surface charge density is set as high. The flow model in this paper can be used for designing and operating the electrospraying and spinning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] By analyzing the evolution path, spatiotemporal variation characteristics, and driving mechanisms of farmland non agriculturalization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration over the past 30 years, theoretical basis is provided for the protection and precise management of farmland resources in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration. [Methods] Based on the land use data and statistical yearbook data of the Central Yunnan urban agglomeration, the paper used methods such as gravity displacement model, change trajectory model, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and principal component analysis to reveal the process and spatial distribution characteristics of farmland conversion to non-agricultural uses in the Central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 1990 to 2020, as well as the main driving factors. [Results] (1) From a temporal perspective, the non-agricultural area of cultivated land in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration showed a fluctuating downward trend, with an average annual increase of about 6.88× 103 around 2000 hectares converted to an average annual decrease of approximately 2.66× 104 hectares, with the most drastic changes due to policy, economic, and urbanization impacts. From a spatial perspective, the non-agricultural conversion of cultivated land was concentrated in the central, eastern, southeastern, and northeastern regions of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration. (2) Over the past 30 years, the non-agricultural transformation of cultivated land in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration has tended to be balanced in spatial distribution, with smaller regional differences in the non-agricultural transformation of cultivated land and a more stable spatial pattern. (3) The cultivated land in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration was mainly converted into forests and grasslands, with a small portion converted into construction land. Among the variable cultivated land, 54.60% was related to grasslands, 29.33% was related to forests, and 4.64% was related to construction land, mainly occurring in the central, northern, southeastern, and northwestern regions of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration. (4) There was a significant spatial clustering effect in the non-agricultural transformation of cultivated land in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, mainly characterized by high-high clustering and low-low clustering. High-high clustering was mainly distributed in the central, northern, and southeastern regions, while low-low clustering was mainly distributed in the northwest, western, and southwestern regions.(5) The non agriculturalization of cultivated land in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration was influenced by both socio-economic and natural conditions. The agricultural population, state-owned fixed asset investment, and urbanization rate were the main factors for the non-agricultural expansion of cultivated land in the social economy, with influencing coefficients of -0.18, 0.11, and 0.10, respectively; The annual average precipitation and annual average temperature of natural factors played a crucial role in the spatial distribution and expansion process of non-agricultural land, with impact coefficients of 0.17 and -0.15, respectively. [Conclusion] The results have revealed the spatiotemporal change characteristics, evolution path, and driving mechanisms of farmland converted to non-agricultural land in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration over the past 30 years. It plays an important role in rational utilization and protection of arable land resources and ensuring food security in Yunnan province, and to a certain extent, it can provide a decision-making reference for the protection and optimization of arable land layout in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration.

Objective: In order to improve the accuracy of machine vision technology in grading the appearance quality of red Fuji apples, a red Fuji apple appearance grading method based on improved whale optimization algorithm （WOA） and CNN is proposed. Methods: A red Fuji apple image database with different appearance quality levels was established, and the database images were preprocessed so as to improve the training effect and generalization ability of the model. The improved CNN-LSTM was designed as the weighted grey correlation method was used to compress the CNN convolution scale, in order to reduce redundant interference between features and improve the computational speed of the model. The improved whale optimization algorithm was used to optimize the hyperparameters configuration of CNN-LSTM, effectively reducing the impact of improper hyperparameter configuration on model classification results. Results: The simulation results showed that the proposed classification method had a higher accuracy, with classification accuracy and sensitivity improved by about 2.05% and 2.46%. Conclusion: The proposed method can effectively achieve the appearance grading of red Fuji apples.

Objective To explore the biological function and downstream mechanism of ETS1 in glioma. Methods Bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the differential expression characteristics of ETS1 in gliomas; qRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression level of ETS1 mRNA and lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST). CCK-8 and 5-ethyl-2′-deoxyuridine experiments were conducted to detect cell growth. Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bak, Bcl-2). PROMO database was utilized to predict the binding sites between ETS1 and XIST promoter. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to verify the binding relationship between ETS1 and the XIST promoter region. cBioPortal database was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of ETS1 mRNA and XIST in glioma tissues. Results The expression levels of ETS1 mRNA and protein were significantly upregulated in glioma (P

[Objective] The Silk Road Economic Belt facilitated rapid economic development in cities along its route, resulting in significant changes in land use. Investigating the carbon stock variations caused by land use in this region was crucial for optimizing land use patterns and achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. [Methods] The PLUS-InVEST model was employed to assess and predict the carbon stock situation in five provinces and cities along China’s Maritime Silk Road between 1980 and 2030. The model simulated the spatiotemporal characteristics of carbon stock changes under multiple scenarios of land use, aiming to explore the impact of land use on carbon storage. [Results] The research findings indicate that over a span of 50 years, there has been a significant reduction in arable land and a substantial increase in construction land in the region. Forest land has managed to maintain a basic dynamic equilibrium during this period. However, there has been a considerable loss of carbon storage with an accelerating rate, primarily in the southern Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, northern Shanghai, Hangzhou, and along the coastal areas. [Conclusion] Through current status and multi-scenario analysis, it is projected that future carbon storage reduction will be primarily influenced by the loss of arable land and the rapid expansion of construction land. In scenarios focused on ecological preservation, there is some increase in carbon storage, while scenarios that maintain the current level of construction land result in a substantial decrease in carbon storage. It is evident that the region is currently experiencing accelerated economic development, with the exacerbation of carbon storage loss attributed to the loss of arable land and the acceleration of urbanization. The key factor in mitigating carbon storage loss lies in maintaining a dynamic balance in the total forest land area. Considering the current economic development status and regional position, it is advisable to rigorously safeguard the quantity of arable and forest land while intensively utilizing existing construction land. Furthermore, enhancing the quality of ecological land, such as grasslands, is recommended to preserve the regional ecological carbon storage level. This research provides valuable insights for achieving a harmonious balance between economic and ecological development in the context of the Maritime Silk Road initiative.

Biodegradable plastics need to be appropriately modified in practical applications to improve their performance and reduce costs. Inorganic fillers have the advantages of heat resistance, degradability and wide sources, and can be used to modify biodegradable plastics. The polarity of inorganic fillers and plastic matrix is quite different, and there is a problem of compatibility. Different kinds of inorganic fillers have different modification effects on biodegradable plastics. The research progress of commonly used inorganic fillers such as talcum powder, calcium carbonate, glass fiber and other modified biodegradable plastics is summarized, and the modification methods and mechanism are summarized. The application of biodegradable plastics in agriculture, food packaging, biomedicine and other fields is introduced. The problems in modification of inorganic fillers are analyzed. The research show that inorganic fillers have a certain nucleation effect on biodegradable plastics, which can significantly improve the mechanical strength of biodegradable plastics. Attention should be paid to the dispersion effect of inorganic fillers when using them. In addition, attention should be paid to the food safety of inorganic fillers in biodegradable plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]