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Abstract Language models (LMs) such as BERT and GPT have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP). However, the medical field faces challenges in training LMs due to limited data access and privacy constraints imposed by regulations like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Federated learning (FL) offers a decentralized solution that enables collaborative learning while ensuring data privacy. In this study, we evaluated FL on 2 biomedical NLP tasks encompassing 8 corpora using 6 LMs. Our results show that: (1) FL models consistently outperformed models trained on individual clients’ data and sometimes performed comparably with models trained with polled data; (2) with the fixed number of total data, FL models training with more clients produced inferior performance but pre-trained transformer-based models exhibited great resilience. (3) FL models significantly outperformed pre-trained LLMs with few-shot prompting.

Summary: Background: While many patients seem to recover from SARS-CoV-2 infections, many patients report experiencing SARS-CoV-2 symptoms for weeks or months after their acute COVID-19 ends, even developing new symptoms weeks after infection. These long-term effects are called post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or, more commonly, Long COVID. The overall prevalence of Long COVID is currently unknown, and tools are needed to help identify patients at risk for developing long COVID. Methods: A working group of the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-radical (RADx-rad) program, comprised of individuals from various NIH institutes and centers, in collaboration with REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) developed and organized the Long COVID Computational Challenge (L3C), a community challenge aimed at incentivizing the broader scientific community to develop interpretable and accurate methods for identifying patients at risk of developing Long COVID. From August 2022 to December 2022, participants developed Long COVID risk prediction algorithms using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data enclave, a harmonized data repository from over 75 healthcare institutions from across the United States (U.S.). Findings: Over the course of the challenge, 74 teams designed and built 35 Long COVID prediction models using the N3C data enclave. The top 10 teams all scored above a 0.80 Area Under the Receiver Operator Curve (AUROC) with the highest scoring model achieving a mean AUROC of 0.895. Included in the top submission was a visualization dashboard that built timelines for each patient, updating the risk of a patient developing Long COVID in response to clinical events. Interpretation: As a result of L3C, federal reviewers identified multiple machine learning models that can be used to identify patients at risk for developing Long COVID. Many of the teams used approaches in their submissions which can be applied to future clinical prediction questions. Funding: Research reported in this RADx® Rad publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health. Timothy Bergquist, Johanna Loomba, and Emily Pfaff were supported by Axle Subcontract: NCATS-STSS-P00438.

Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to investigating planar single-conductor circuits, it remains challenging to provide tight confinement of electromagnetic field and compatibility with active semi-conductor components such as amplifier, harmonic generator and mixers. Single-conductor spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structure, which is one of the most promising planar single-conductor transmission media due to the outstanding field confinement, still suffers from the difficulty in integrating with the active semi-conductor components. In this paper, a new kind of odd-mode-metachannel (OMM) that can support odd-mode SSPPs is proposed to perform as the fundamental transmission channel of the single-conductor systems. By introducing zigzag decoration, the OMM can strengthen the field confinement and broaden the bandwidth of odd-mode SSPPs simultaneously. More importantly, the active semi-conductor amplifier chip integration is achieved by utilizing the intrinsic potential difference on OMM, which breaks the major obstacle in implementing the single-conductor systems. As an instance, an amplifier is successfully integrated on the single-conductor OMM, which can realize both loss compensation and signal amplification. Meanwhile, the merits of OMM including crosstalk suppression, low radar cross section (RCS), and flexibility are comprehensively demonstrated. Hence, the proposed OMM and its capability to integrate with the active semi-conductor components may provide a new avenue to future single-conductor conformal systems and smart skins.

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be associated with osteoarthritis (OA) progression. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-520c-3p in OA progression. Methods Expression levels of miR-520c-3p and Growth arrest-specific 2 (GAS2) were detected using quantitative real-time PCR. The proliferation and apoptosis of cells were measured using cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the protein levels of apoptosis-related markers, extracellular degradation markers, inflammatory response markers, and GAS2 were tested using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB) analysis. In addition, the interaction between miR-520c-3p and GAS2 was examined using dual luciferase reporter assay. Results GAS2 was highly expressed, and miR-520c-3p was lowly expressed in OA cartilage tissues. miR-520c-3p could promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis and inflammation of OA chondrocytes. miR-520c-3p could be sponged by GAS2, and its inhibitor could reverse the regulation of GAS2 on the biological functions of OA chondrocytes. GAS2 was a target of miR-520c-3p, which was identified by bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of GAS2 could inhibit the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis and inflammation of OA chondrocytes. Conclusion Our data showed that miR-520c-3p might regulate the GAS2 to inhibit the progression of OA.

High integration of modern microwave circuits and systems puts forward higher requirements for multi-function and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance of transmission channels. In this paper, we propose two EMC technologies including the substrate integrated packaging (SIP) and tuneable wavenumber mismatching (TWM) based on multi-functional spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) channels. The SIP technology can effectively improve the EMC performance of the SSPP channels in the whole frequency band by designing the packaging structure with easy fabrication and compact size; while the TWM technology can significantly suppress crosstalks in desired frequency bands by manipulating the wavenumber difference between two adjacent channels. Simulated and measured results demonstrate excellent multi-function and EMC performance of the integrated multi-functional SSPP channels by employing the two EMC technologies. The integrated multi-functional SSPP channels can realize continuous phase modulation in X-band and continuous amplitude modulation in Ku-band. The coupling coefficient of the integrated channels is about 8–10 dB lower than that of the channels without the package, and is 13–15 dB lower than that of the traditional microstrip channels in the whole X-band and Ku-band. Meanwhile, the coupling coefficient of the integrated multi-functional SSPP channels with a distance of 1/30 λ _0 can be reduced to around −30 dB in the desired narrow bands. Therefore, the proposed EMC technologies may find broad applications in highly integrated microwave circuits and systems.

The ability of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) to confine electromagnetic fields in a subwavelength regime enables the design of miniaturized antennas. However, the impedance matching scheme for miniaturized spoof plasmonic antennas has not been studied systematically. In this paper, we propose a general method in the antenna design based on SSPPs, providing a feasible solution to impedance matching at the feeding point of miniaturized spoof plasmonic antennas. To verify the method, a prototype of a planar spoof plasmonic dipole antenna is simulated, fabricated and measured, of which the dipole arm length is reduced by 35.2% as compared with the traditional dipole antenna. A peak gain level of 4.29 dBi and the radiation efficiency of about 94.5% were measured at 6 GHz. This general method can be extended to solve the impedance matching problem in the design of other spoof plasmonic devices.

Abstract In this research, Zr-doped Gd2Ti2O7 pyrochlores, with the composition of Gd2(Ti1-x Zr x )2O7, were firstly synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis plus quick pressing (SHS/QP) using CuO as the oxidant and Ti as the reductant. To improve the radiation resistance of titanate–pyrochlore, up to 35 at% Zr was incorporated to substitute the Ti site of Gd2Ti2O7 pyrochlore (Gd2(Ti0.75Zr0.35)2O7). XRD and SEM microstructural characterizations showed the formation of a composite ceramic with the major pyrochlore phase and the minor Cu phase. The generated temperature of samples decreased from 1702 to 1011°C with increasing Zr content. The effects of sintering temperature and pressure time on phase composition and microstructure were systematically studied. Besides, the influence of thermal transmission on the whole combustion process was also explored. The pyrochlore-based waste form possessed high bulk density of 6.25 g/cm3 and Vickers hardness of 10.81 GPa. The MCC-1 leaching test showed the normalized elemental leaching rates (42 d) of Cu, Gd, and Zr are 1.27×10-2, 1.33×10-3, and 8.44×10-7 g·m-2·d-1, respectively.

Abstract Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma risk. However, the results were controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the precise associations between MMPs polymorphisms and glaucoma risk. Methods Related studies were reviewed by searching electronic databases within four databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between the most common polymorphisms of MMPs and glaucoma risk. Heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were conducted to guarantee the statistical power. Results Overall, 11 selected articles involving 2,388 cases and 2,319 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Significant associations were only found between MMP-9 rs17576 G > A polymorphism (GA vs. GG: OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.67-0.97, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%), MMP-9 rs3918249 C > T polymorphism (TT vs. CC + CT: OR = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.51-0.98, P = 0.04, I2 = 0%) and glaucoma risk in the general population. Subgroup analysis also suggested that MMP-9 rs17576 G > A was related to glaucoma in the Caucasian population (GA vs. GG: OR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.45-1.00, P = 0.05; GA + AA vs. GG: OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.45-0.97, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%). Conclusions Our meta-analysis demonstrates that MMP-9 rs17576 G > A polymorphism might be a protective factor against the development of glaucoma in Caucasian population.

Geophysics is based on massive data work including data observation, data gathering/collecting, data management, and data analysis. Over the years, in China and other countries, geophysicists and geophysical institutions have accumulated a huge amount of geophysical data, built up many geophysical data banks and data centers, constructed/established many monitoring and transferring systems and infrastructures of geophysical data, and developed many advanced data analysis methods about data on land, ocean, and space. Based on this work, a new discipline of geophysics, geophysical informatics, has been gradually developing over the past 20 years. The recent advances of geophysical informatics in China are introduced and reviewed in this paper.

ObjectiveTo explore external validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of hypertension within China from the view of sample representation.MethodsComprehensive literature searches were performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCTR) et al and advanced search strategies were used to locate hypertension RCTs as well as observational studies conducted in China during 1996 to 2009 synchronously. The risk of bias in RCTs and observational studies was assessed by two modified scales respectively, and then both types of studies with 3 or more grading scores were included for the purpose of evaluating of external validity. Following that the study characteristics relative to sample representation were extracted from RCTs and observational studies synchronously, and the later were taken as external references for validating sample representation of RCTs.Results226 hypertension RCTs and 21 observational studies were included for final analysis. Comparing samples with observational studies, the mean age of samples within RCTs was 54.46 years, significantly lower than that of observational studies (66.35 years) (P=0.002). The average disease course in patients of RCTs was 3.89 years and grade III hypertensive patients accounted for 17%; both were lower than that of the observational studies (12.96 years, PConclusionSample characteristics within hypertension RCTs were significantly different from those in observational studies. The samples in most RCTs were under-represented. It's feasible to take samples of observational studies as a mirror of the actual composition of hypertension patients in the real world, if the reporting of observational studies is abundant and available.

In this report we introduce the development of the WDC for Geophysics, Beijing included our activities in the electronic Geophysical Year (eGY) and in the transition period from WDC to WDS. We also present our future plans. We have engaged in the development of geophysical informatics and related data science. We began the data visualization of geomagnetic fields in the GIS system. Our database has been expanded from geomagnetic data to the data of solid geophysics, including geothermal data, gravity data, and the records of aurora sightings in ancient China. We also joined the study of the history of the development of geophysics in China organized by the Chinese Geophysical Society (CGS).

Since the 1990s, our center's geophysics database has been available on the Internet (http://gp.wdc.cn and http://wdc.geophys.cn). Based on HTML language, the website offers simple data service and is being constantly upgraded and improved. We have adopted ORACLE as the database and use JSP (Java Server Pages) technology to create dynamic pages. The basic function of the network is to store, check, inquire, and renew the data. Users can query and download the data in txt form and view pictures generated by Matlab. At present the system is running well in both versions: Chinese and English, each having a unified style. The pages are simple and convenient to use. Its users come from most provinces of China, including Taiwan, and from developed or developing countries, such as the U.S.A., Germany, Japan, Singapore, Bulgaria, Canada, etc.

Urban underground space (UUS) development has been acknowledged as a positive contribution to urban resilience (UR). Such contribution has been qualitatively addressed in recent years, but only quantitatively discussed in few studies. Quantitative evaluation methods for UR are widely used in China and around the world, but the role of underground space is barely included. This paper provides a way to bridge this gap on the city scale. A UR evaluation framework was carefully constructed that covers the basic aspects and elements of UR. The contributions of UUS to UR were identified and integrated into the UR evaluation framework, and the measurement methods for each indicator related to UUS were determined. A case study of 19 sample cities in China were conducted using the integrated evaluation model. Correlation analysis and clustering analysis were further adopted to interpret the evaluation results, mainly with three indicators reflecting the level of UUS development, namely UUS area (m²), UUS density (104 m² /km² ) and UUS area per capita (m² / person). The results showed a strong correlation between UUS area and UR. The average proportion of UR provided by UUS in the 19 sample cities was 16.46%, while the maximum figure reached 29.20%. The sample cities were clustered into four categories based on the relationship between the proportion of UR provided by UUS, UUS area, and GDP per capita, where both high and low UUS area tend to provide less proportion of resilience than the medium UUS area. Corresponding suggestions for UUS utilization were proposed to assist cities in achieving urban resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this clinical study was to explore the effects of thumb-tack needling combined with sporting (TTNS) therapy on the improvement of pain and joint function in older adult patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: A total of 120 older adult patients with KOA were randomly assigned to receive TTNS therapy or medicine treatment (Med group) only for 1 month. The patients were followed up for 3 months and clinical efficacies were evaluated using a visual analog scale to assess pain, the Lequesne scoring system to assess motor function, and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index to assess KOA severity. Blood was collected to measure the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrotic factor-alpha using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The data suggested that TTNS therapy resulted in a significantly higher clinical efficacy (P = 0.012). Visual analog scale score, Lequesne index, and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index of the TTNS group at the time of post-treatment (1 month) and post-follow-up (3 months) were also lower compared with the Med group. Patients in the TTNS group also showed lower levels of serum tumor necrotic factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Conclusions: TTNS therapy is more efficacious than pharmacological treatment in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with KOA, which suggests its clinical utility in the management of KOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical properties of semi-solid casting are dependent on multiple processing parameters, and improper processing parameters will not only reduce mean data but also increase variations. The present study investigated the impact of parameters in slurry preparation and heat treatment on the yield strength and ductility of T6 heat-treated A356 Al-Si alloy using rapid slurry forming (RSF) semi-solid casting. The focus was primarily on the robustness of mechanical properties based on Taguchi design method. By analyzing signal-to-noise ratio and minimum value calculated from x̄-3S, the optimum slurry preparation parameters and heat treatment parameters were determined to be no quench, enthalpy exchange material (EEM) temperature of 140 °C, EEM-to-melt ratio of 6mass%, stirring time of 18 s, solution heat treated at 520 °C for 2 h, and ageing heat treated at 190 °C for 6 h. In a small batch validation, the -3S yield strength and -3S elongation reach 256.1 MPa and 5.03% respectively, showing a satisfactory robustness. The hardness and microstructure of heat-treated samples with the best and worst properties were characterized to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms affecting the mean value and variations of mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban underground infrastructures (UUIs) are a vital component of built capital for urban sustainability. However, many cities are now home to a multitude of disused or underutilized UUIs, not least aged purpose-built underground facilities, causing a waste of valuable underground space resource assets. In the process of urban renewal, adaptive reuse can be an attractive solution to breathe new life into underutilized UUIs, while addressing some of the modern problems of the built environment by an economically feasible means. Nevertheless, there is a prevalent absence in the current literature of the overarching planning and decision-making approaches for an adaptive reuse development of underutilized UUIs. With the intention of addressing this shortfall, this paper first lays out development strategies, then sets the generic patterns for adaptive reuse of disused or underutilized UUIs. Taking the city of Qingdao, China as a case study, detailed planning and decision-making approaches with the aid of multi-source data and spatial analysis tools are presented. It is anticipated that the findings of this research will assist the adaptive reuse development of UUIs in providing theoretical guidance and empirical evidence, thereby enhancing the role of urban underground space use in contributing to urban revitalization and urban sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]