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Objective To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of family resilience among Chinese PLA Army personnel. Methods A total of 8 094 military personnel subjected with cluster sampling were surveyed with family resilience scale (FRS) and self-designed questionnaire for basic information on military families.Independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance and step-up regression analysis were employed to analyze the family resilience. Results ① The results of demographic variable analysis showed that there were significant differences in family resilience among the personnel with different marital status, from one-child family or not, birth in rural/urban areas, personnel category, age and education level (P < 0.05).② Family factors analysis indicated that different family structure, different family relationships, family rearing styles, recent separation from family members, and frequency of contacting family members had certain effects on family resilience (P < 0.05).③ When family relationship, family rearing styles, frequency of contacting family members, birth place, recent separation from family, personnel category, from one-child family, and education level entered the regression equation, the resilience level of army personnel'families was increased by 8.197 for every 1 unit increase in family relationship, and the level of family resilience was increased by 4.688 for every 1 unit increase in family contact frequency (F=202.168, P < 0.05). Conclusion The overall level of family resilience of army personnel is good.The risk factors for family resilience are recent separation from their families for ≥1 year, officers, not from only-children family, and the protective factors are harmonious relationship with their families, democratic family rearing style, contacting with their families weekly, urban birth, and bachelor degree or above.

The evolution of charge structure involved in lightning discharge of a thunderstorm over the central Tibetan Plateau is investigated for the first time, based on the data from very high frequency interferometer, radar and sounding. During the developing‐mature stage, the TP thunderstorm exhibited a tripolar charge structure evolved from an initial inverted dipole. At the mature stage, a bottom‐heavy tripole charge structure is clearly presented, with a strong lower positive charge center (LPCC) at temperatures above −10°C, a middle negative charge region between −30°C and −15°C, and an upper positive charge region at T < −30°C. As the LPCC was depleted, the charge structure evolved into a normal tripole with a pocket LPCC. The merging between different convective cells resulted in the formation of two adjacent negative charge regions located directly and obliquely above the LPCC, and horizontally arranged different charge regions were simultaneously involved in the same lightning discharge. Plain Language Summary: Tibetan Plateau thunderstorms usually exhibit special convective structures. Using the data from the accurate lightning VHF interferometer, electric field mill, fast/slow antenna and C‐band radar, the evolution of the charge structure of thunderstorms and their influence on lightning discharges are investigated. Our observation for the first time revealed the charge structure evolution of the central‐TP thunderstorm which involved in the lightning discharge, exhibiting a bottom heavy tripole charge structure with a large LPCC in the mature stage evolved from an initial inverted dipole and the usual tripole in the dissipating stage of the thunderstorm. Under different magnitudes of the LPCC, different types of lightning discharges including ‐IC, +IC and ‐CG flashes were generated, indicating the crucial effects of LPCC on the lightning discharge types. Key Points: The charge structure of the TP thunderstorm evolves from an initial inverted dipole to a mature stage tripole with a strong LPCCHorizontally distributed negative charge zones from cell merger are simultaneously involved in the discharge of a single lightning flashDifferences in the relative magnitude of LPCC leads to various types of lightning discharges [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document summarizes a study on interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study found that ILD was present in 8.28% of SLE patients and was associated with disease duration. Ground-glass opacity was the most common abnormality in chest imaging of SLE-ILD patients. Treatment with corticosteroids, immunosuppressive therapy, and antifibrotic therapy showed improvements in chest imaging and pulmonary function. Early detection and treatment of ILD in SLE patients is important, but more research is needed to evaluate specific treatments. [Extracted from the article]

Aerosol effects on the lightning intensity and polarity of a continental supercell storm were investigated using a three‐dimensional lightning scheme within the Weather Research and Forecasting model. We find that both intra‐cloud (IC) and cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flashes are enhanced by the increasing number of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), especially the percentage of positive CG (+CG) strokes peaking at 42%. Electrical characteristics of the storm varied in different aerosol scenarios through microphysical processes. Added aerosols increase the number of cloud droplets and ice‐phase hydrometeors. The greater ice‐crystal concentration and larger graupel size ensure sufficient charge separation, leading to higher charge density and more lightning discharges. In addition, an inverted polarity charge structure with a strong positive‐charge region in the mid‐levels was formed mainly due to the positively charged graupel in the presence of higher supercooled cloud water content. Positive lightning channels originating from this positive‐charge region propagated to the ground, producing more +CG strokes. When the aerosol concentration was low, the charge density in the upper positive‐charge region was much lower due to smaller ice‐particle content. Consequently, there were barely any +CG strokes. Most of the negative CG flashes deposited positive charge in the lower negative‐charge region. Plain Language Summary: The possible effects of aerosols on lightning intensity and polarity were investigated using an explicit lightning scheme within a weather forecast model. Added aerosols invigorated intra‐cloud flashes and cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flashes in continental convection. A noticeably high fraction of positive CG lightning was also identified under polluted conditions. Elevated cloud condensation nuclei concentration increased the ice particle content and graupel size, leading to enhanced charge separation and lightning activity. An inverted‐polarity charge structure appeared owing to the positively charged graupel in the presence of greater supercooled cloud water amounts. This charge distribution was manifested in the lightning activity, showing that positive channels propagated to the ground, generating more positive CG strokes under polluted conditions. Key Points: Aerosols enhance charge separation and lightning discharges due to a greater ice‐crystal concentration and larger graupel sizeAerosols lead to inverted charge structure with strong positive‐charge region, producing high percentage of positive cloud‐to‐ground strokesGraupel particles gain positive charge at upper levels in the presence of higher supercooled cloud water under polluted conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]