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ABSTRACT We discuss the importance of fern and lycophyte species in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem as well as the need for floristic inventories to understand their distribution and conservation status. We focus on the Serra do Papagaio region in southeastern Brazil, which is known for its high plant diversity but lacks comprehensive inventories of ferns and lycophytes. In this study, we conducted a floristic inventory of Serra do Papagaio and identified 172 fern and 29 lycophyte species. Our findings reveal 21 threatened species and two new records for Minas Gerais State. Additionally, we compared the floristic composition of Serra do Papagaio with that of other areas within the Atlantic Forest using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM) analyses. The results highlight distinct clusters of areas based on elevation and geographic location. We emphasize the need for further sampling and conservation efforts in Serra do Papagaio as well as provide valuable insights into the drivers of fern and lycophyte diversity in the Atlantic Forest.

Abstract Epiphytes represent approximately 10% of vascular plants, or 25,000 species distributed across 84 families. Water deficit is the greatest challenge faced by epiphytes, resulting in anatomical strategies aimed at maximizing water usage and minimizing water loss. This study aimed to characterize the leaf blade anatomy of 40 species of vascular epiphytes occurring in a cloud forest of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and assess how leaf anatomy is related to the epiphytic life form. Samples were collected, fixed, dehydrated with ethanol, and embedded in paraffin for sectioning using a microtome or freehand technique. Some samples were dissociated for epidermal observation. A clustering analysis (using UPGMA) was conducted using a presence/absence matrix of 16 anatomical characters. The results showed that species within this functional group exhibit different leaf blade anatomical characteristics, which may or may not be adaptive to epiphytism. However, despite the occurrence of some characteristics such as stomata at the same level as other epidermal cells, thick cuticle, fibers, hypodermis, and homogeneous chlorophyllous parenchyma in 50% or more of the species, there is no set of anatomical characteristics that can be used to define an epiphyte.

ABSTRACT Tacinga saxatilis (Ritter) N.P.Taylor & Stuppy subsp. saxatilis belongs to the Cactaceae, a family of succulent plants. We report a new records of the Tacinga genus (Cactaceae) from Goiás State, Central-West Region and Tocantins State, North Region of Brazil, within the Cerrado phytogeographic domain, providing new data on the geographic distribution of this species to the flora of Brazil and increasing the number of species of the family for these brazilian States.

ABSTRACT Stachytarpheta is one of the largest genera of Verbenaceae, found mainly in the campos rupestres of Brazil. We describe a new species, Stachytarpheta lajedicola, and report for the first time the occurrence of the genus in limestone outcrops. The new species is endemic to the Caatinga domain, northern Minas Gerais state, growing in an open karst formation of the municipality of Matias Cardoso, locally known as Lajedão. Its main diagnostic characteristics are the branches with well-developed longitudinal edges, leaves with attenuate to caudate apex, and inflorescences with linear bracts, exceeding the calyx in length. We provide a detailed description, illustrations, photographs, a geographic occurrence map, and comparisons with the morphologically similar species. Stachytarpheta lajedicola may be considered Critically Endangered (CR), and the biological importance of Lajedão and the conservation of the new species are discussed.

Abstract Vascular epiphytes contribute significantly to the biodiversity of tropical forests. We aimed to identify the epiphyte species occurring in the Muriqui Trail at Serra do Brigadeiro State Park (SBSP), a priority area for Atlantic forest conservation in southeastern Brazil. We selected 10 phorophytes, from which we sampled epiphytes and took light intensity measurements at three strata: up to 4 m, 4 to 8 m, and above 8 m. Phorophytes represented eight species, eight genera, and six families. We found 25 epiphytic species from 17 genera and nine families. Ferns showed highest richness, especially Polypodiaceae. We report herein important data on epiphyte diversity in eastern Minas Gerais state (Zona da Mata), including the occurrence of species rarely cited in surveys. Fomenting local conservation along with environmental education may be pivotal for counteracting anthropic pressure on SBSP.

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened biomes in the world. Despite that, this biome still includes many areas that are poorly known floristically, including several protected areas, such as the "Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto" ("Flona do Rio Preto"), located in the Brazilian State of Espírito Santo. This study used a published vascular plant species list for this protected area from the "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil" as the basis to synthesise the species richness, endemism, conservation and new species occurrences found in the "Flona do Rio Preto".The published list of vascular plants was based on field expeditions conducted between 2018 and 2020 and data obtained from herbarium collections available in online databases. Overall, 722 species were documented for the "Flona do Rio Preto", 711 of which are native to Brazil and 349 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. In addition, 60 species are geographically disjunct between the Atlantic and the Amazon Forests. Most of the documented species are woody and more than 50% of these are trees. Twenty-three species are threatened (CR, EN and VU), while five are Data Deficient (DD). Thirty-two species are new records for the State of Espírito Santo. Our results expand the knowledge of the flora of the Atlantic Forest and provide support for the development of new conservation policies for this protected area.

ABSTRACT Stachytarpheta is the second largest genus of Verbenaceae, mainly distributed in xeric habitats of South America. The morphological revision of South American specimens clarified the taxonomic identity of three previously accepted species from informal group Gesnerioides: S. sprucei (from the Amazon Forest domain), S. alata, and S. tomentosa (from the Atlantic Forest domain). A new taxonomic arrangement is proposed here, with the synonymization of S. alata and S. tomentosa under S. sprucei. Consequently, the newly circumscribed S. sprucei evidences a remarkable geographic disjunction, with populations separated by the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco domains (the South American dry diagonal). It inhabits inselbergs, tepuis, and savannas in the Amazon Forest domain, and top of inselbergs surrounded by forest in the Atlantic Forest domain. A detailed species description, taxonomic comments, a geographic distribution map, photos of living specimens, and an identification key to the species from the Gesnerioides group are included.

RESUMO Apresentamos o tratamento florístico de Verbenaceae no Parque Estadual do Biribiri, localizado no Planalto de Diamantina, Cadeia do Espinhaço, Estado de Minas Gerais. Com extensão atual de 16.998,66 ha, essa Unidade de Conservação estadual integra uma área de importância biológica especial, com vegetação representada predominantemente por campos rupestres. Após o estudo de campo e consulta a herbários nós encontramos 14 táxons de Verbenaceae incluídos em três gêneros: Lantana fucata, Lippia alba, Lippia corymbosa, Lippia diamantinensis, Lippia hederifolia, Lippia hermannioides, Lippia lacunosa, Lippia origanoides, Lippia pseudothea, Lippia raoniana, Lippia rotundifolia, Lippia stachyoides var. martiana, Stachytarpheta glabra e Stachytarpheta reticulata. Destacamos a ocorrência de Lippia raoniana, preliminarmente avaliada como criticamente ameaçada, dentro dos limites do Parque, expandindo o conhecimento sobre sua distribuição geográfica. Para reconher cada táxon, nós fornecemos descrições morfológicas, chave de identificação, fotografias, juntamente com comentários taxonômicos e ecológicos.

Background and aims – Mosses comprise avascular terrestrial plants whose relationship with other plant lineages is not yet fully understood. These plants have a worldwide distribution, but gaps in their distribution have not yet been clarified for Brazil. Based on a large database, compiled from different sources, we present an overview of the moss distribution in Brazil in order to assess the species richness in different areas, as well as the factors that interfere with this distribution.Material and methods – The study area corresponds to the whole Brazilian territory. We collected data on moss occurrences using different online databases and bibliographies. The data were refined, keeping only the records with taxonomic identification of the species, using valid names and correct geographical coordinates We subsequently plotted the records on a map with a 1° × 1° grid pattern. To ascertain the representativeness of the grid, an analysis of estimated richness was carried out.Key results – A total of 969 species of moss were surveyed, from 26 690 records obtained. The number of species per cell ranged from 1 to 242, and 394 cells were occupied for a total of approximately 1 300 cells. Moss richness in Brazil is subjected to varied sampling effort. The Atlantic Forest showed the greatest richness, both as a result of favourable environmental conditions as well as due to a greater sampling intensity. With the exception of a few localities, the Amazon domain had a low sampling and, consequently, a low richness.Conclusions – The results show that the higher richness is observed in the southern and central parts of Brazil, and this is because of the occurrence of areas that have some type of protection (conservation units), environmental conditions related to high humidity, high elevations, and greater sampling effort.

The Stachytarpheta longispicata complex is a group of seven accepted infraspecific taxa endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, defined by its pedicellate flowers with salmon or dark red corollas. Due to the great morphological variation and very brief original descriptions, these taxa have controversial circumscriptions. We evaluated the morphological variation through the morphometric analysis of 11 natural populations in addition to nomenclatural types to assess the current infraspecific circumscriptions and clarify the limits of these taxa. A set of 36 continuous vegetative and reproductive characters was measured for each of the 115 specimens sampled, encompassing the morphological variability in the group and its geographic distribution. A compiled data matrix formed the basis for the multivariate analysis (UPGMA, PCA, and DA). Our results recovered five consistent groups corresponding to the four subspecies, and all three recognised varieties treated in the same morphological group. Quantitative and qualitative characters not previously studied in detail are important to delimit the five groups. A taxonomic rearrangement is proposed for the complex, circumscribing five distinct species: Stachytarpheta brevibracteata, S. longipedicellata, S. longispicata, S. minasensis, and S. ratteri. The taxonomic treatment includes four new combinations and names at new rank, two new synonyms, and one lectotype. Descriptions, an identification key, geographical distribution map, illustrations, and provisional conservation assessments are also provided.

Abstract Studies conducted on vascular epiphytes in Minas Gerais have revealed high richness in the seasonal semi-deciduous forests (SSF) in comparison with those of other Brazilian states. This study aimed to present a vascular epiphyte checklist of the Serra do Relógio (SR) in the Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais, in order to analyze the similarity between two areas in different altitudes, as well as to discuss the high richness recorded for this synusia in the SSFs of this state. The survey was performed in two conservation units (CUs) apart from each other approximately 6 km and with elevations varying between ~500 and 1,434 m. The data were obtained from published articles and fieldwork performed between the years 2016 and 2019. We recorded 158 species distributed in 76 genera and 22 families. This richness is greater than those found in some ombrophilous forests, which was an unexpected result due to the high moisture of this phytophysionomy. Although approximately 66% of the species found in the SR are anemochoric and the compared CUs are geographically close, the similarity was only 22%, suggesting that the difference in altitude between the areas and the history of use can impose filters that influence the floristic composition of each one area. These results highlight the importance of preserving the forest remnants in Brazil and creating and maintain CUs to protect them.

Brazilian protected areas are essential for the conservation of plants of the Atlantic Forest domain, one of 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the richness of plants protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism, and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the list. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN, or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD), and five as priorities for conservation."Parque Nacional do Caparaó" houses 8% of the land plant species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including 6% of its angiosperms, 31% of its lycophytes and ferns, and 14% of its avascular plants. Twelve percent of the threatened species listed for the state of Espírito Santo and 7% listed for the state of Minas Gerais are also protected by PNC. Surprisingly, 79% of the collections analyzed here were carried out in Minas Gerais, which represents just 21% of the total extension of the park. The compiled data uncover a huge botanical collection gap in this federally protected area.

Abstract Vascular epiphytes represent a remarkable characteristic of the tropical cloud forests. The Serra da Mantiqueira (SM) represents one of the main highland areas of Brazil harboring vegetation remnants, and highlighting the cloud forests. We present a checklist of the vascular epiphytes found in the cloud forests of the SM, discussing the data about taxonomic representativity, distribution in the phytogeographic domains, habits, threatened status in Brazil and the states comprising the SM (Espírito Santo-ES, Minas Gerais-MG, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, São Paulo-SP). Field expeditions were performed between 2012 and 2019, as well as data gathering from scientific collections and published articles. We found 678 species, representing approximately 20% and 30% of the species found in Brazil and Atlantic forest, respectively. The richest families (Orchidaceae, 288 spp.; Bromeliaceae, 112 spp.; Polypodiaceae 65 spp.) corroborated the patterns found in different scales. Forty-one species are threatened nationally (and regionally, there are 149 in ES, 55 in MG, six in RJ, 31 in SP). These numbers of richness and threatened species highlight the relevance of directing efforts toward knowledge and conservation of both cloud forest remnants and SM as a whole, under pain of losing of a large part of the floristic diversity of Atlantic forest.

Abstract Cloud forests usually occur at high-altitude sites of the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil, albeit scattered and fragmented along the mountain tops. In this habitat, the vegetation occurs at low-temperature conditions and is usually provided by additional water sources that arise due to the horizontal precipitation of the frequent fogs. Together with the more considerable air movement and higher luminosity, these factors are conditioning for singular floras at high elevations, mainly the vascular epiphytes, which are macro and microclimate dependent. In the mountains range at the center of the Espírito Santo state, Southeastern Brazil, some mountain tops such as Pedra Azul (PA) hold these environmental features. Here, we aimed to present the first checklist of vascular epiphytes in the Pedra Azul State Park and surroundings based on fieldwork and herbarium specimens. The checklist comprises 152 species, 65 genera, and 17 families, the main families being Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, and Polypodiaceae, with the main genera represented by Vriesea, Acianthera, and Peperomia. The holoepiphytes were the main category among the epiphytes, although an unusually high number of facultative epiphytes were recorded. Asplenium theciferum and Octomeria cucullata are recorded in Espírito Santo for the first time, and we confirmed the occurrence of Rhipsalis cereuscula in the state. Overall, the richness recorded in PA is amongst the highest of the Atlantic Forest cloud forests. Six species are threatened at the national level and 32 at the state level. These results support the importance of the protected area for conserving the flora; however, several species - including threatened - were only recorded in the surroundings, demonstrating that the buffer zone of the Pedra Azul State Park must be included in the management plans.

Abstract Pseudolaelia is a genus endemic to the eastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, consisting of 12 accepted species. Some Pseudolaelia species, such as P. vellozicola, P. aguadocensis, P. oliveirana, and P. regentii, referred to here as the PV complex, present extensive intra‐ and interpopulation morphological polymorphism, raising uncertainty regarding their circumscriptions. Although previous morphological analyses were used to solve the generic boundaries in the PV complex, persuasive genetic evidence is lacking. In order to test the hypothesis that the group under investigation contains only one taxon, amplification profiles of five intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to evaluate genetic diversity, genetic structure, and the relationships among the PV complex species. A total of 134 reproductive individuals were sampled in eight insular populations. Intrapopulation genetic analysis indicated low levels of genetic diversity. Analysis of genetic structure revealed that each of the eight sample locations can be considered unique biological populations as they are highly differentiated from each other. The Mantel test showed a high and positive correlation between genetic and geographic distance (r = .841, p

Abstract The importance of continuously conducting botanical inventories has been questioned in recent decades, generating a lack of investment and interest in this area. However, several applied studies are only possible after obtaining the primary data from such surveys. Despite having the greatest richness of plants known in Brazil, several areas with knowledge gaps remain in Minas Gerais (MG) state. This is the case for the Serra da Mantiqueira, an important area for biodiversity conservation in the country. In this scenario, the phytophysiognomy of Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest (SSF) deserves attention, as it is broadly distributed and has great relevance in the state, although subsampled. Therefore, this study aimed to present records of species for the flora of MG and discuss the need for floristic surveys in Brazil. These species were recorded in three of 10 studied remnants along expeditions performed between the years of 2012 and 2019 as part of a wide study performed in SSF remnants in the Serra da Mantiqueira which have a deficit of floristic data. Three species are recorded for the first time in MG, one species was rediscovered after more than two centuries from the last collection (which represents its nomenclatural type), in addition to nine other species which must be considered rare in the state. This study contributed to filling gaps in knowledge on Brazilian flora and also demonstrated the relevance of continuing new collections, mainly in specific subsampled areas in the interior of the country such as in SSF remnants.

RESUMO (Gesneriaceae da Serra do Relógio, Descoberto, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil). A Serra do Relógio está localizada no município de Descoberto, Zona da Mata no Estado de Minas Gerais. Há duas importantes Unidades de Conservação, a Reserva Biológica da Represa do Grama (RBRG) e a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Alto da Boa Vista (RPPNABV). Juntas abrangem uma área total de 402,6 hectares, sendo composta, predominantemente pela Floresta Estacional Semidecidual baixo-montana. Gesneriaceae está representada na área por oito espécies, distribuídas nos gêneros Besleria (2 spp.), Nematanthus (3 spp.), Paliavana (1 spp.), Sinningia (1 spp.) e Vanhouttea (1 spp.). Neste trabalho são apresentadas descrições, chave de identificação, comentários sobre taxonomia, distribuição e ecologia assim como fotos para todas as espécies.

Background and aims – Pseudolaelia is a genus endemic to eastern Brazil, with 12 accepted species predominantly distributed across granitic inselbergs of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The aim of the present study was to distinguish between the very similar taxa P. aguadocensis, P. oliveirana, P. regentii and P. vellozicola, using morphometric data acquired as linear measurements and outlines capture with Elliptic Fourier Analysis (EFA) of the floral parts. Material and methods – We sampled 208 specimens from 11 natural populations of the above taxa. We measured 20 floral variables and for the EFA, and we extracted 24 shape variables from the Fourier coefficient matrices, which describe the outlines of the floral parts. In both cases the data were analyzed with multivariate methods (both ordination and clustering). Key results – We could not find morphological discontinuities with sufficient magnitude to consider P. aguadocensis, P. oliveirana and P. regentii as distinct species from P. vellozicola. Conclusions – We propose that P. vellozicola should be considered a polymorphic and widely distributed species, generally supported by both methods.

The Diamantina Plateau is located in the central region of the Espinhaço Range, in the State of Minas Gerais, which is dominated by campo rupestre formations. We describe a new species of Lippia L., endemic to the Diamantina Plateau, and provide an annotated checklist and identification key for the 17 species of the genus occurring in the area. Lippia raoniana P.H.Cardoso & Salimena sp. nov. is mainly distinguished by its ovate leaves with adaxial and abaxial surfaces densely covered by sessile glandular trichomes, and drupaceous fruits with two pyrenes. It is known only from two populations, and thus can be provisionally considered as Critically Endangered. Details on the species’ ecology, as well as a comparison with morphologically similar species, a distribution map, and field photographs, are provided. In this work, we also present pictures of the 17 species in their habitats, and we hope that these illustrations will help in the identification and conservation of these taxa.

Resumo O presente trabalho é parte dos estudos florísticos da Serra Negra, incluída no complexo da Mantiqueira, sul da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A Serra Negra é composta por um mosaico de vegetação, sendo o campo rupestre e as florestas de altitude as fisionomias dominantes. Convolvulaceae está representada na região por três gêneros e seis espécies: Distimake macrocalyx, Ipomoea aristolochiifolia, I. maurandioides, I. saopaulista, I. triloba e Jacquemontia blanchetii, espécies amplamente distribuídas no Brasil. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, fotos e comentários morfológicos, de ocorrência, floração e distribuição geográfica para as espécies.

Resumo Os fragmentos de vegetação do município de Juiz de Fora, região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, integram o domínio da Floresta Atlântica, e são considerados prioritários para a conservação da flora no estado. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo taxonômico da família Bromeliaceae em fragmentos florestais do município. Bromeliaceae está representada nesta região por 10 gêneros e 23 espécies. Tillandsia é o gênero mais representativo, seguido por Aechmea e Billbergia. Nós também reportamos a primeira ocorrência de Vriesea grandiflora para o estado de Minas Gerais. São incluídos neste estudo uma chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos, além de informações sobre a distribuição geográfica e estado de conservação das espécies.

RESUMO Apresentamos o tratamento florístico de Verbenaceae no Parque Estadual do Pico do Itambé, localizado na porção central da Cadeia do Espinhaço no Estado de Minas Gerais. Com área total de 4.696 ha, essa Unidade de Conservação apresenta o ponto de maior altitude da Cadeia do Espinhaço, o Pico do Itambé com 2.060 m. Está inserida em uma área considerada de importância biológica especial, onde se destacam os campos rupestres. Após o trabalho de campo e a consulta em herbários foram encontradas seis espécies de Verbenaceae pertencentes a três gêneros: Lantana camara L., Lantana lundiana Schauer, Lippia origanoides Kunth, Lippia pseudothea Schauer, Lippia rhodocnemis Mart. & Schauer e Stachytarpheta itambensis S.Atkins, as duas últimas consideradas ameaçadas de extinção. São fornecidas descrições, chave de identificação, fotografias e comentários sobre a taxonomia, distribuição geográfica e habitats preferencias, contribuindo com o manejo e a conservação das espécies.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to perform the floristic survey of the wetlands of the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca (PEIB), comparing them regarding richness, floristic composition and life forms, based on monthly expeditions to collect vascular plants. Eighty-one (81) species were found in the moist grassland, most of them being endemic to Brazil and included in 55 genera and 21 families. The most representative families were Asteraceae (22 spp.), Melastomataceae (nine spp.), Xyridaceae (seven spp.), Poaceae and Orchidaceae (six spp. each), totalizing 62% of the sampled species. Twenty-seven (27) species were found in the seasonal pond, distributed in 23 genera and 11 families. Families with the highest specific richness were Poaceae (eight spp.), Cyperaceae and Asteraceae (five spp. each), totalizing 67% of the sampled species. There was a predominance of hemicryptophyte life form (nearly 43% of the moist grasslands and 63% of the seasonal pond) in both areas. The floristic analysis results showed great importance to conservation with 22% of species under some threatened category, 12 species endemics to Minas Gerais state and one new species of Cyperaceae. Furthermore, only five species occur in both wetland types (5.1% of the species richness).

Resumo A Serra da Mantiqueira, na Região Sudeste do Brasil, estende-se ao longo das divisas dos estados do Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. O presente trabalho apresenta o tratamento florístico das espécies de Cactaceae ocorrentes na Serra da Mantiqueira. Para isso foram realizadas expedições para coleta e observação de exemplares em campo e análise de espécimes depositados em coleções científicas. As análises morfológicas possibilitaram a elaboração de descrições, preparação de chave para identificação e ilustrações. Foram registrados 33 táxons de Cactaceae, dos quais sete são endêmicos da Serra da Mantiqueira e sete estão ameaçados de extinção. Rhipsalis é o gênero mais representativo na área, com 14 espécies, enquanto cinco gêneros são representados por apenas um táxon. Os táxons estão distribuídos em altitudes entre 100-2.897 m.

Resumo O Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (JB-UFJF) compreende significativo remanescente de Floresta Atlântica em área urbana no município de Juiz de Fora. Objetivando conhecer sua flora, foram realizadas coletas quinzenais na área de 80 hectares delimitada pelo JB-UFJF nos anos de 2011 a 2014. A coleção está depositada no Herbário CESJ da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Foram registradas 436 espécies, distribuídas em 270 gêneros e 96 famílias. As famílias mais ricas foram Fabaceae (35 spp.), Melastomataceae (27 spp.), Rubiaceae (27 spp.), Solanaceae (21 spp.) e Asteraceae (21 spp.). Os gêneros mais ricos foram Miconia (15 spp.), Piper (12 spp.), Psychotria (9 spp.) e Solanum (8 spp.). Seis espécies encontradas na área estão em alguma categoria de ameaça na Lista Nacional Oficial de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas de Extinção. A composição florística mostrou ser similar a outros levantamentos na região tanto na flora geral quanto por estratos, porém também evidenciou regionalismos florísticos tanto em escala local quanto regional. A alta riqueza de espécies e outras particularidades encontradas revelam a importância da área para conservação, enfatizando sua posição como corredor ecológico na Zona da Mata, no contexto do Corredor Ecológico da Serra da Mantiqueira.

RESUMO Durante a revisão taxonômica de Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) para o projeto "Flora do Brasil 2020" verificamos que alguns táxons apresentam alta taxa de sobreposição de caracteres morfológicos, o que dificulta a circunscrição e o reconhecimento dos mesmos. Com base na análise morfológica dos táxons, revisão da literatura especializada e análise dos tipos e protólogos, propomos novos sinônimos para Stachytarpheta crassifolia.

RESUMO Verbenaceae atualmente compreende 35 gêneros e cerca de 800 espécies distribuídas nas Américas, África, Ásia, Europa e Oceania. No Brasil são encontrados 16 gêneros e aproximadamente 280 espécies, com maior riqueza no Cerrado e Floresta Atlântica, principalmente nos campos rupestres e campos de altitude. O Parque Nacional do Caparaó está localizado na Serra da Mantiqueira, na divisa dos Estados de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo. Esse parque destaca-se por apresentar o ponto de maior altitude da Região Sudeste do Brasil, o Pico da Bandeira, com 2.890 m. Possui vegetação representada por diferentes fitofisionomias, as quais incluem formações de floresta ombrófila densa (montana e alto montana), floresta estacional semidecidual montana e campos de altitude. Verbenaceae está representada nesta Unidade de Conservação por cinco gêneros e nove táxons, incluindo duas possíveis espécies novas de Lantana e Lippia, além de Citharexylum solanaceum, Glandularia lobata, Lantana fucata, L. nivea, L. robusta, Stachytarpheta cayennensis e Verbena rigida. A ocorrência de L. nivea é confirmada para o Brasil, sendo registrada pela primeira vez para o Estado do Espírito Santo. Nós apresentamos uma chave de identificação, descrições, pranchas de fotografias e comentários sobre a ecologia, taxonomia e distribuição geográfica dos táxons.

RESUMO A Serra da Pedra Branca (SPB) localiza-se no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, no município de Caldas (21°58’-21°55’S e 46°24’-46°22’W). Inserida no Domínio Atlântico e considerada área prioritária para a conservação da flora no Estado de Minas Gerais, é uma feição marcante no relevo, com cotas altimétricas entre 1100 e 1780 m.s.m. Apresenta um mosaico composto por campos de altitude (o qual ocupa maior extensão na área), Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana, Floresta Ombrófila Densa Alto-Montana e Floresta Ombrófila Mista. A família Gesneriaceae está representada na SPB por cinco espécies do gênero Sinningia: S. aggregata (Ker Gawl.) Wiehler, S. allagophylla (Mart.) Wiehler, S. douglasii (Lindl) Chautems, S. magnifica (Otto & A.Dietr.) Wiehler) e S. striata (Fritsch) Chautems. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições morfológicas, ilustrações, comentários ecológicos, taxonômicos e de distribuição geográfica das espécies.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze patterns of richness and distribution of Cactaceae in the Serra da Mantiqueira (SM), a mountain range located in Southeast Brazil, and assess its conservation status. We compiled distribution data from the literature and 16 herbaria and plotted it on a map divided into grid squares of 0.5°. Richness, collection effort and similarity among grid squares were analyzed for the 33 taxa recorded in SM (five of which are endemic). Maciço do Itatiaia (in southern SM), Serra do Brigadeiro and Serra do Caparaó (in northern SM) are the richest areas. Collection effort and richness were correlated (R²=0.75). Similarity analysis revealed five clusters, one of which is composed of high elevation areas with a vegetation mosaic; the remaining clusters lack biogeographic significance, and are mainly composed of widely distributed species. Ten species had no records in any state or national conservation unit of integral protection, at least two of which are threatened with extinction. Species of Cactaceae deserve attention because several taxa are threatened and/or endemic, and because the majority of SM is environmentally degraded. These findings highlight the need for urgent conservation actions for the local biodiversity of SM.

ABSTRACT Palms are most diverse in warm and humid regions near the equator. Though palms remain relatively well conserved, they are under increasing pressure from deforestation. Here, we analyze patterns of palm species richness relative to latitudinal gradient, sampling effort, and deforestation in the Amazon, and compare patterns of richness and floristic similarity among Amazonian sub-regions. We built a database of 17,310 records for 177 species. The areas with the greatest richness were in the western, central and northeastern Amazon, principally at latitudes 0-5ºS. Species richness and the number of records were highly correlated (R2=0.76, P2000 km2) were found in the southern and eastern Amazon of Brazil, which coincide with low richness and gaps in records. Similarity analyzes resulted in two groups of sub-regions: the first included the Amazon s.s., the Andes and the Guiana, while the second included the Plateau and Gurupi. We conclude that the highest species richness is at low latitudes, and observed richness is affected by sampling effort and is vulnerable to deforestation. Therefore, areas with low species richness, especially areas with data deficiency, need to be further studied for a better understanding of their patterns of diversity and richness.

We present the first record of Rhipsalis oblonga in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This record suggests that this species, having a global rank of Vulnerable, is nevertheless threatened in Minas Gerais with extirpation due to the small area of occupancy that is outside of any conservation unit. We present morphological data for this species and comment on its ecology and distribution.

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest presents high levels of richness and endemism of several taxonomic groups. Within this forest, the Orchidaceae may be highlighted as the richest family of Angiosperms found there, and is highly threatened due to collection and habitat destruction. The inselbergs of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are mostly unknown regarding their floristic composition, but the available information points to occurrence of endemic species, with adaptations to survive to this dry environment. The objectives of this study were to con-duct a floristic survey of the Orchidaceae species on the Maciço do Itaoca, an inselberg located in the Northern region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, make a comparative analysis with other sites in Eastern Brazil, and discuss the geographic distribution, floristic relationships and conservation status of the orchid species present on the inselbergs. The floristic composition of the study area was compared with 24 other locations in Eastern Brazil (of which 13 are inselbergs) and the influence of the types of surrounding vegetation on the composition of the Orchidaceae flora on the inselbergs. On Maciço do Itaoca we recorded 18 species from 17 genera: Brasiliorchis picta, Brassavola tuberculata, Campylocentrum robustum; C. sellowii, Catasetum luridum, Cattleya guttata, Cyclopogon congestus, Cyrtopodium glutiniferum, Leptotes bicolor, Lophiaris pumila, Miltonia moreliana, Oeceoclades maculata, Phymatochilum brasiliense, Prescottia plantaginifolia , Pseudolaelia vellozicola, Sarcoglottis fasciculata, Sophronitis cernua. and Vanilla chamissonis. The highest floristic similarity was with the Pedra da Botelha (0.43), an inselberg located in the North of Espírito Santo. This result is probably due to the similarity in altitude and distance from the coast in both areas despite the geographical distance between them. Apparently, little influence is exerted by the types of surrounding vegetation on the composition of the flora of inselbergs, due to their unique environmental characteristics which exert a strong selection pressure on plants that are adapted to survive on these inselbergs. The threats observed to the species on this inselberg are the same as for other inselbergs and include the collection of ornamental species, fire and quarrying. Specifically for the Maciço do Itaoca, a possibility for conservation may be the annexation of this area to the Desengano State Park, an important conservation area in the Northern of the State of Rio de Janeiro.

Apresenta-se o estudo taxonômico de Cactaceae na Serra Negra, Minas Gerais. A família está representada na área por cinco gêneros e nove espécies, listados a seguir: Arthrocereus melanurus subsp. magnus, Hatiora salicornioides, Lepismium houlletianum, Opuntia monacantha, Rhipsalis elliptica, R. floccosa subsp. pulvinigera, R. juengeri, R. lindbergiana e R. pilocarpa, sendo a primeira e a última consideradas ameaçadas de extinção na flora de Minas Gerais. Ainda deve ser destacado o fato de que Arthrocereus melanurus subsp. magnus teve o conhecimento de sua área de distribuição ampliada, pois era considerada endêmica do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca. Os dados apresentados demonstram que a conservação de áreas como a Serra Negra, uma área atualmente não protegida, é de suma importância. Esta região vem sofrendo distúrbios devido a frequente visitação desorganizada, acompanhada de coleta ilegal de plantas, assim como transformação de remanescentes florestais e áreas de campo em áreas de pastagem aumentando o status de ameaça que já atinge algumas das espécies ali encontradas. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos e ecológicos para as espécies.

Pseudolaelia is a genus endemic to eastern Brazil. The species are often epiphytes on Velloziaceae or are saxicolous, predominantly on granitic and gneissic outcrops (inselbergs) in the Atlantic Forest and, less often, in the campos rupestres (dry, rocky grasslands) of the cerrado (savanna) and caatinga (shrublands). The genus is characterized by homoblastic pseudobulbs, long rhizomes, long and usually slender inflorescences, racemes or panicles, bearing pink, yellow or whitish flowers, labellum often 3-lobed, with simple, fimbriate or erose margin, semi-cylindrical or claviform column, cuniculus present. Twelve species are recognized; seven binomials are placed in synonymy. Of those seven, three are considered illegitimate because, contrary to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature guidelines, there are no corresponding type specimens deposited in a recognized herbarium, and those three were therefore lectotypified. We present descriptions of, illustrations of and a dichotomous key to Pseudolaelia species, as well as addressing their taxonomy, ecology, conservation and geographic distribution.

ABSTRACT Only a few studies regarding vascular epiphytes have been conducted in mixed ombrophilous forests (MOF) in Serra da Mantiqueira, a mountainous environment in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where the relationships of epiphytic flora with other physiognomies are unknown. This study aimed to survey the epiphytes of a MOF remnant located in Serra da Mantiqueira, and to analyze the floristic relationships with ombrophilous forests of the Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil. The checklist was compared with 51 other areas composed of ombrophilous forests and/or ecotones with other physiognomies using UPGMA (with Sørensen index), and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). We recorded 138 species, and Orchidaceae and Polypodiaceae were the richest families (51 and 23 species, respectively). The UPGMA showed the importance of physiognomy and elevation in the floristic relationships, and CCA reinforced the influence of elevation, in addition to the shortest distance to the ocean and minimum annual temperature; however, in this analysis, the physiognomies showed little influence on the relationships. The epiphytic flora of MOF of Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil has different relationships compared with the data available for shrubs and trees, suggesting a greater importance of phorophytic species than geographical distance and, to some extent, environmental variables.

Neste estudo, foi realizado o levantamento das Orchidaceae das Serras Negra e do Funil (SN/SF), Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, e uma análise da similaridade florística dessa família entre 29 áreas campestres e florestais do Brasil. Para tal análise, utilizou-se o algoritmo UPGMA, coeficiente de SØrensen, e 5.000 replicações de bootstrap. A análise de agrupamento revelou baixos índices de similaridade, exceto para os grupos Serra Negra + Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca e Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso + Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins. Os resultados sugerem que a região das SN/SF represente um corredor florístico entre localidades na Serra da Mantiqueira (Parque Nacional do Itatiaia) e Serra do Mar (Reserva Biológica de Macaé de Cima). Foi observado o agrupamento de áreas com semelhanças ambientais e as regiões de campos rupestres se destacaram em termos de particularidades florísticas. O teste de Mantel revelou que a similaridade florística não está correlacionada à distância geográfica entre as áreas.This study presents a survey of the Orchidaceae from Serra Negra and Serra do Funil (SN/SF), 'Zona da Mata', Minas Gerais state, and analyzes the floristic similarity of this family among 29 grassland and forest sites in Brazil. Cluster analysis used the UPGMA algorithm, SØrensen coefficient, and bootstrap analyses with 5,000 replications. The cluster analyses revealed low similarity indices; exceptions are the clusters composed of Serra Negra + Ibitipoca State Park and Ilha do Cardoso State Park + Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station. The results suggest that SN/SF represents a floristic corridor between sites in Serra da Mantiqueira (Itatiaia National Park) and Serra do Mar (Macaé de Cima Biological Reserve). Groups of areas with similar environmental conditions were observed and the "campos rupestres" regions stood out because of their singular floristic composition. The Mantel test revealed that floristic similarity is not associated with geographic distance between the areas.

O Parque Estadual de Ibitipoca (PEIB) está situado no sudeste do estado de Minas Gerais, entre os municípios de Santa Rita de Ibitipoca e Lima Duarte, a 21º40'-21º44'S e 43º52'-43º55'W. Apresenta em sua área um mosaico de formações vegetais, das quais o campo rupestre ocupa a maior extensão, sendo também encontradas em seus domínios diversas formações florestais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o levantamento das espécies de Orchidaceae ocorrentes no PEIB. Foram registrados 118 táxons distribuídos em 47 gêneros. Os gêneros mais numerosos são Pleurothallis sensu lato (13 spp.), Oncidium (12 spp. e um possível híbrido), Epidendrum (10 spp.) e Maxillaria (9 spp.). O estudo da distribuição geográfica dos táxons revelou quatro novos registros para a flora de Minas Gerais e ampliou o conhecimento sobre a distribuição de muitas espécies. Uma comparação com as espécies de orquídeas ocorrentes em outras áreas de campo rupestre conhecidas até o momento demonstra que o PEIB, embora com área relativamente pequena, é uma das regiões com maior número de espécies.Ibitipoca State Park (PEIB) is located in southeastern Minas Gerais, in Santa Rita de Ibitipoca and Lima Duarte municipalities (21º40'-21º44'S; 43º52'-43º55'W). It has a variety of vegetation types, with a predominance of "campo rupestre" (rocky grasslands) mixed with forests. This work aimed to survey Orchidaceae species growing at PEIB. One-hundred-and-eighteen taxa belonging to 47 genera were found. The largest genera are Pleurothallis sensu lato (13 spp.), Oncidium (12 spp. and one probable hybrid), Epidendrum (10 spp.), and Maxillaria (9 spp.). Four species are new records for the flora of Minas Gerais state. Compared to other areas of "campos rupestres", PEIB is one of the most species-rich sites, in spite of having a relatively small area.

This study was performed in a remnant of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest at Fazenda Fortaleza de Sant'Anna, in the municipality of Chácara, Minas Gerais, Brazil (22.0129S, 43.8628W), in an area of ca. 1 ha, via monthly expeditions throughout the year 2012. We found 91 species of vascular epiphytes, distributed in 44 genera and 12 families. The richest families were Orchidaceae (35 spp.), Bromeliaceae (18 spp.), Polypodiaceae (10 spp.), Piperaceae (nine spp.) and Araceae (seven spp.). Two species were recorded for the first time in Minas Gerais: Rodriguezia sticta and Stelis oligantha (Orchidaceae). Rhipsalis oblonga (Cactaceae) was recollected in the state after about 100 years without records. Four species are cited in the list of endangered plants in Minas Gerais: Nematanthus crassifolius (Gesneriaceae) and Cattleya bicolor (Orchidaceae) are in the category "Vulnerable" (VU), Nidularium azureum (Bromeliaceae) and Pleurothallis pectinata (Orchidaceae) are "Critically Endangered" (CR). Nidularium azureum is also cited as CR in the Red Book of Brazilian Flora. Most species were classified as characteristic holoepiphytes and anemochory was the most frequent dispersion syndrome.

Blattella germanica (L., 1757) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) vive há muito tempo em associação com o homem, próximo às suas fontes de alimentos e criou resistência a diversos inseticidas. Tornou-se, por isso a espécie de barata mais difícil de ser controlada, causando grande transtorno, afetando a economia e apresentando ainda importância médica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de B. germanica aos inseticidas Diazinon® (organofosforado), Cipermetrina® (piretróide), Propoxur® (carbamato) e o período residual de ação até 15 dias após a aplicação. Para avaliar a resistência adquirida por B. germanica aos inseticidas, e melhor caracterização com o dia a dia das empresas controladoras de pragas, a diluição seguiu as instruções dos fabricantes e a técnica para este estudo foi a de contato tarsal. As baratas foram coletadas em diversos estabelecimentos comerciais no município de Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais) e mantidas em condições controladas de laboratório (temperatura 28ºC ± 1ºC, umidade relativa do ar 60% ± 5%), tendo como alimento ração canina, leite em pó e água, oferecida de forma ininterrupta. Os espécimes obtidos a partir da 3º geração foram utilizados nos ensaios, eliminando qualquer contato anterior com produtos químicos. Para avaliação de cada inseticida foram utilizados 1800 espécimes. Os resultados mostraram maior resistência à Cipermetrina e Propoxur, sendo Diazinon o produto que apresentou maior eficácia, demonstrando ser o mais recomendável para o controle desse inseto. O efeito residual deixado pelos três inseticidas apresentou resultados bem parecidos, sendo o período mais favorável para o controle de B. germanica os primeiros 10 dias após a aplicação.