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Weightless neural networks (WNNs) are an alternative pattern recognition technique where RAM nodes function as neurons. As both training and inference require mostly table lookups, few additions, and no multiplications, WNNs are suitable for high-performance and low-power embedded applications. This work introduces a novel approach to implement WiSARD, the leading WNN state-of-the-art architecture, completely eliminating memories and arithmetic circuits and utilizing only logic functions. The approach creates compressed minimized implementations by converting trained WNN nodes from lookup tables to logic functions. The proposed LogicWiSARD is implemented in FPGA and ASIC technologies to illustrate its suitability for edge inference. Experimental results show more than 80% reduction in energy consumption when the proposed LogicWiSARD model is compared with a multilayer perceptron network (MLP) of equivalent accuracy. Compared to previous work on FPGA implementations for WNNs, convolutional neural networks, and binary neural networks, the energy savings of LogicWiSARD range between 32.2% and 99.6%. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

The Trigona spinipes is a species of bee found throughout the Brazilian territory. This study aimed to evaluate the forage behavior of the species T. Spinipes to abiotic and biotic factors. The exp...

This study aimed to establish the ideal temperature for Japanese quails, 168 quails were used distributed in four treatments (temperatures: 20, 24, 28 and 32 ° C), six replicates of seven birds eac...

As thermoregulatory behaviors produce audible sounds, we sought to answer the following questions: (a) can a smartphone-based sound level meter application detect changes in the sound intensity lev...

Bees play an important role in maintaining biodiversity by promoting the pollination of numerous plant species. Recent global climate changes are affecting the average air temperature, thereby altering the biological processes of many species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptation of Apis mellifera L. bees to temperature increases and their responses to thermal homeostasis in the colony. Research was performed at the Federal University of Paraíba Laboratory of Bees using three treatments: Control, 33 °C and 40 °C. For the latter two treatments, colonies were kept in a 24 m² climate chamber with an opening at the hive entrance, giving the bees access to the outside environment. The following parameters were evaluated: difference between internal and external hive temperature, thorax surface temperature and total protein concentration in the hemolymph. Internal colony temperature varied according to the external hive temperature. Nurse bees that care for larvae exhibited higher heat production, expressed as thorax surface temperature. Total protein content in the hemolymph was highest in the 40 °C treatment and decreased with ambient temperature. External hive temperature influences internal hive temperature, and nurse bees have higher capacities for thermogenesis.

ResumenIntroducciónLa especialidad de neonatología se inició en México a finales de la década de 1960. Primero se crearon programas de entrenamiento en servicio de duración variable, después se creó la residencia médica de un año, hasta en la actualidad en que la residencia se realiza en un periodo bianual. Con el objetivo principal de garantizar la competencia profesional, se creó dentro del Consejo Mexicano de Certificación en Pediatría (CMCP-SN), la Sección de Certificación en Neonatología.ObjetivoConocer el estado actual de los neonatólogos certificados en México.MétodosA partir de la base de datos del Consejo Mexicano de Certificación en Neonatología, se tomaron variables para caracterizar al grupo de neonatólogos certificados.ResultadosExisten en México 1,529 neonatólogos con certificación oficial. El 55% (854) son mujeres y 675 son varones. La edad promedio fue de 38, con un rango entre 25-84 años. Las ciudades con mayor número de neonatólogos fueron: Distrito Federal y Estado de México con 565 (37%), Monterrey con 131 (8.5%) y Guadalajara con 93 (6%). Las universidades que avalan en su formación a un mayor número de neonatólogos son: La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 605 (45%), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Nuevo León 86 (5%), Universidad La Salle 63 (4%), Universidad de Guadalajara 58 (4%). Los hospitales que han formado a un mayor número de estos subespecialistas son: el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología 350 (25%), IMSS 220 (15%), ISSSTE 183 (13%), Hospitales Universitarios de Monterrey 58 (4%) y Hospitales Civiles de Guadalajara 35 (2.5%). De los 1,529 neonatólogos certificados, 1,076 (70%) se encuentran vigentes por haber cumplido con los requerimientos del CMCP-SN.ConclusionesEn México hay un neonatólogo por cada 1,823 recién nacidos, 55% de ellos son mujeres, 10 hospitales han formado al 85% de los subespecialistas, el 70% trabaja en hospitales públicos y el 12% en privados.AbstractIntroductionThe neonatology specialty was established as a specialty in Mexico at the end of the 1960's. The training programs began inside medical services with a variable duration, then the academic residence began with a length of one year, until now that it is studied in a two-year program, The Mexican Council of Certification in Paediatrics created the Neonatologist Section (CMCP-SN), to ensure the professional competence of the neonatologist.ObjectiveTo determine the current status of the certified neonatologist in Mexico.MethodsBased on the records of the Mexican Council of Certification in Neonatology, we analysed some variables to characterise the work of the neonatologist in México.ResultsAt the time of the study, there were 1529 certified neonatologists in Mexico, of whom 854 are female (55%) and 675 (45%) male. The academic endorsement was provided by the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México in 605 (45%) cases, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León 86 (5%), Universidad la Salle 63 (4%), and Universidad de Guadalajara 58 (4%). The training Hospitals were: Instituto Nacional de Perinatología 350 (25%), IMSS 220 (15%), ISSSTE 183 (13%), Hospitales Universitarios de Monterrey 58 (4%), Hospitales Civiles de Guadalajara 35 (2.5%), and others 40%.ConclusionsIn Mexico there is one neonatologist for each 1823 newborns, of which 55% are female. Ten University Hospitals educate and train 85% of them, and 65% neonatologist live and work just in 3 states with mayor capital cities, with 70% working in public and 12% in private hospitals.

The Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) system broadcasts audio in the frequency band below 174 MHz [1] , [2] . In this experiment in urban areas in Brazil, a hybrid signal composed of an analog AM signal and a digital DRM30 signal, with the same content, were broadcasted in diurnal and nocturnal transmissions. This paper describes the experimental setup, which employs the spectral shaping technique in simulcast transmission [14] , and presents some results of medium wave propagation measurements campaigns that are being carried out in Brazil. The experiment is part of a series of field trials that are being conducted by the Brazilian Government which includes campaigns at MW, HF and VHF frequency bands.

Handmade glazed food ceramic wares are commonly used in the State of Pernambuco in the Northeast of Brazil, especially in typical restaurants. The major producer of this food ceramic wares is the City of Caruaru and the material employed in the glazing process is lead oxide known as zarcao justifying the concern about the lead release and consequently food contamination. On the other hand, studies carried out revealed that these kinds of ceramic when essayed according the Standard ASTM 738-76, release a lead content to an acid solution from 100 to 4000 times the maximum value permitted by FDA. In this study were determined the content released into the atmosphere during the glazing process. To estimate the lead released to the atmosphere during the glazing process, the lead content in five food ceramic wares from each lot was evaluated before and after burning. The method choose to dissolution of the samples was the acid digestion using HNO 3 , HF and HCLO 4 . The lead content was determined using AAS technique. Glazing employing lead oxide is a very pollutant activity, with an estimated 166 kg/year Pb released to the atmosphere.

Este estudo objetivou identificar uma alimentação eficiente para as abelhas Apis mellifera L. utilizando um complexo enzimático para melhorar o desempenho dos enxames em períodos de escassez alimentar. Para isso, quadros de cria fechada foram retirados de duas colmeias, conduzidos até uma câmera climatizada e após a emergência, as abelhas foram mantidas em unidades experimentais para serem alimentadas. A dieta utilizada na pesquisa foi composta por 60% de mel, 30% de farinha de soja e 10% de farinha de milho, com diferentes níveis de inclusão (0,00%, 0,03%, 0,06%, 0,09%) do complexo enzimático em estudo. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: longevidade das abelhas, concentração de proteína total da hemolinfa e consumo de água e dieta. Não houve efeito toxicológico de acordo com análise de sobrevivência, verificou-se uma redução no consumo, conforme foi acrescentado o complexo enzimático na dieta e um aumento no teor de proteína na hemolinfa. O uso do complexo enzimático mostrou-se como uma ferramenta para manter os enxames em períodos de escassez de alimento, pois proporcionou melhor aproveitamento dos alimentos por menor consumo da dieta e o maior teor de proteína total na hemolinfa.

Neural networks, or connectionist systems, have recently emerged as a powerful model of collective, parallel computation of great interest in artificial intelligence and combinatorial optimization. The understanding of neural networks is still largely dependent upon simulations, which in turn can be of great interest to the designer of parallel software, owing to the inherently distributed character of those systems. This paper is concerned with the simulation of one specific class of neural networks, namely those introduced by J. J. Hopfield. We discuss the design and occam implementation of a distributed parallel simulator of such networks, allowing for both binary- and continuous-response neurons. A design is provided which we judge to be generic to a large extent, and then problems related to an occam implementation are discussed. One problem of particular relevance is the potential occurrence of communication deadlocks as a result of the unbuffered communication among occam processes.