1. Salivary IgA to MAA-LDL and Oral Pathogens Are Linked to Coronary Disease
- Author
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Päivi Mäntylä, Susanna Paju, Aulikki Nissinen, Chunguang Wang, Sohvi Hörkkö, Ramin Akhi, Kåre Buhlin, Juha Sinisalo, Risto Bloigu, Pirkko J. Pussinen, Jari Kankaanpää, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, HUS Head and Neck Center, Department of Medicine, Kardiologian yksikkö, and Pirkko Pussinen / Principal Investigator
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,OXIDIZED LDL ,LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN ,periodontal disease(s)/periodontitis ,Coronary Artery Disease ,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ,lipids ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,APOPTOTIC CELLS ,Medicine ,Tannerella forsythia ,General Dentistry ,Porphyromonas gingivalis ,Periodontitis ,biology ,business.industry ,bacterial virulence ,Prevotella intermedia ,Autoantibody ,biomarkers ,030206 dentistry ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,313 Dentistry ,Immunoglobulin A ,3. Good health ,Gingipain ,OXIDATION-SPECIFIC EPITOPES ,030104 developmental biology ,ATHEROSCLEROSIS ,ANTIBODIES ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,mucosal immunity ,MEDIATORS ,AUTOANTIBODIES ,MALONDIALDEHYDE-ACETALDEHYDE-ADDUCTS ,PERIODONTITIS ,atherosclerosis ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
A large body of literature has established the link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDLs) have a crucial role in atherosclerosis progression through initiation of immunological response. Monoclonal IgM antibodies to malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) and to malondialdehyde acetaldehyde–modified low-density lipoprotein (MAA-LDL) have been shown to cross-react with the key virulence factors of periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. We have previously shown that salivary IgA antibodies to MAA-LDL cross-react with P. gingivalis in healthy humans. In this study, we aim to assess whether oral mucosal immune response represented by salivary IgA to MAA-LDL and oral pathogens is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Also, the molecular mimicry through antibody cross-reaction between salivary IgA to MAA-LDL and oral pathogens was evaluated. The study subjects consisted of 451 patients who underwent a coronary angiography with no CAD ( n = 133), stable CAD ( n = 169), and acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n = 149). Elevated salivary IgA antibody levels to MAA-LDL, Rgp44 (gingipain A hemagglutinin domain of P. gingivalis), and Aa-HSP60 (heat shock protein 60 of A. actinomycetemcomitans) were discovered in stable-CAD and ACS patients when compared to no-CAD patients. In a multinomial regression model adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors, stable CAD and ACS were associated with IgA to MAA-LDL ( P = 0.016, P = 0.043), Rgp44 ( P = 0.012, P = 0.004), Aa-HSP60 ( P = 0.032, P = 0.030), Tannerella forsythia ( P = 0.002, P = 0.004), Porphyromonas endodontalis ( P = 0.016, P = 0.020), Prevotella intermedia ( P = 0.038, P = 0.005), and with total IgA antibody concentration ( P = 0.002, P = 0.016). Salivary IgA to MAA-LDL showed cross-reactivity with the oral pathogens tested in the study patients. The study highlights an association between salivary IgA to MAA-LDL and atherosclerosis. However, whether salivary IgA to MAA-LDL and the related oral humoral responses play a causal role in the development in the CAD should be elucidated in the future.
- Published
- 2019
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