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15 results on '"MESH: Asia, Southeastern"'

1. Comparative global epidemiology of influenza, respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses, 2010–2015

Author

Matti Waris, Aripuana Watanabe, Darmaa Badarch, Inspire, H. Lee, Hamid Jalal, Jen Kok, Alice Kabanda, Yang Liu, Pieter L. A. Fraaij, Steven J. Drews, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, André Corriveau, Marion Koopmans, Theo P. Sloots, Sarah Tozer, Ghassan Dbaibo, Jean-Michel Heraud, Florence Lai, Julian W. Tang, Hassan Zaraket, Kok Keng Tee, Mel Krajden, Lance C. Jennings, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Hidekazu Nishimura, Dominic E. Dwyer, Seweryn Bialasiewicz, Evelyn Sc Koay, Todd F Hachette, Paul K.S. Chan, Pediatrics, Virology, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester, University of Leicester, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Children’s Health Queensland [Brisbane] (CHQ), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Alberta, Dalhousie University [Halifax], The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], National University of Singapore (NUS), National University Hospital [Singapore] (NUH), University of Malaya [Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], University of Turku, Turku University Hospital (TYKS), British Colombia Centre for Disease Control [Vancouver] (BCCDC), Government of the Northwest Territories [Yellowknife, Canada], Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Trust, Sendai Medical Center, National Center for Communicable Disease [Mongolia] (NCCD), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), National Reference Laboratory [Kigali, Rwanda], Westmead Hospital [Sydney], The University of Sydney, and ST was supported by the Children's Hospital Foundation Sakzewski Translational Research grant (no. 10416). TL was supported by Theme-based Research Scheme (T11-705/14-N) from University Grants Committee of the HKSAR.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Epidemiology, viruses, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, MESH: Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, MESH: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Social responsibility, MESH: Africa, Respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, MESH: Influenza B virus, Asia, Southeastern, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Paramyxoviridae Infections, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: Influenza, Human, Incidence, Global, 3. Good health, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Influenza A virus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Seasons, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Social distancing, 030106 microbiology, MESH: Influenza A virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Biology, Virus, Respirovirus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Middle East, Influenza activity, Face mask, Incidence data, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, Kuala lumpur, MESH: Australasia, MESH: Humans, Australasia, Tropics, COVID-19, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Seasonality, Virology, MESH: North America, Out of phase, Influenza B virus, MESH: Respirovirus, MESH: Middle East, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Multiple sampling, MESH: Paramyxoviridae Infections, Africa, North America, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, Influenza virus, MESH: Seasons
Abstract

International audience; ObjectivesTo improve our understanding of the global epidemiology of common respiratory viruses by analysing their contemporaneous incidence at multiple sites.Methods2010–2015 incidence data for influenza A (IAV), influenza B (IBV), respiratory syncytial (RSV) and parainfluenza (PIV) virus infections were collected from 18 sites (14 countries), consisting of local (n = 6), regional (n = 9) and national (n = 3) laboratories using molecular diagnostic methods. Each site submitted monthly virus incidence data, together with details of their patient populations tested and diagnostic assays used.ResultsFor the Northern Hemisphere temperate countries, the IAV, IBV and RSV incidence peaks were 2–6 months out of phase with those in the Southern Hemisphere, with IAV having a sharp out-of-phase difference at 6 months, whereas IBV and RSV showed more variable out-of-phase differences of 2–6 months. The tropical sites Singapore and Kuala Lumpur showed fluctuating incidence of these viruses throughout the year, whereas subtropical sites such as Hong Kong, Brisbane and Sydney showed distinctive biannual peaks for IAV but not for RSV and PIV.ConclusionsThere was a notable pattern of synchrony of IAV, IBV and RSV incidence peaks globally, and within countries with multiple sampling sites (Canada, UK, Australia), despite significant distances between these sites.

Published
2019

2. First probable case of congenital Zika syndrome in Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Author

Souksakhone Viengphouthong, Phommady Vetsaphong, Somphavanh Somlor, Virginie Pommelet, Elodie Calvez, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Paul T. Brey, Thonglakhone Xaybounsou, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Mother and Child Hospital [Vientiane, Laos], Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, The work was supported by the Institut Pasteur du Laos., and We thank the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Mother and Child Hospital in Vientiane capital city for their clinical support. We also thank the Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory of the Institut Pasteur du Laos for technical support.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Microcephaly, Probable Case, 030106 microbiology, LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC, education, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, MESH: Zika Virus, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, MESH: Microcephaly, Zika virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lao PDR, MESH: Pregnancy, MESH: Zika Virus Infection, medicine, ZikV Infection, MESH: Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Congenital Zika syndrome, Aedes, MESH: Humans, biology, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Outbreak, MESH: Adult, General Medicine, MESH: Aedes, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Flavivirus, Infectious Diseases, Geography, MESH: Laos, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Zika virus (ZIKV) is a Flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and was responsible for a worldwide outbreak between 2013 and 2016. However, no ZIKV outbreak has been described in Southeast Asia since 2017. In this study, we report the first microcephaly case with probable ZIKV infection during pregnancy in Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Published
2021

3. Longitudinal monitoring in Cambodia suggests higher circulation of alpha and betacoronaviruses in juvenile and immature bats of three species

Author

Cappelle, Julien, Furey, Neil, Hoem, Thavry, Ou, Tey Putita, Lim, Thona, Hul, Vibol, Heng, Oudam, Chevalier, Véronique, Dussart, Philippe, Duong, Veasna, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Harrison Institute, Fauna and Flora International [Cambodia], Fauna and Flora International [Cambridge, UK], Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Free the Bears [Phnom Penh, Cambodia], Free the Bears [Australia], Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This study was supported by the European Commission Innovate program (ComAcross project, Grant no. DCI-ASIE/2013/315-047) and the French ANR (ZooCov project, Flash COVID-19 call)., ANR-20-COVI-0055,ZooCov,Vers la mise en place d'un système de surveillance intégré des Betacorornavirus dans la filière de viande de brousse au Cambodge(2020), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Geography, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Asia, Southeastern, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Chiroptera, MESH: COVID-19, MESH: Animals, Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Phylogeny, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, Asia, Southeastern, Phylogeny, Geography, Alphacoronavirus, MESH: Chiroptera, virus diseases, Épidémiologie, MESH: Betacoronavirus, Medicine, MESH: Genome, Viral, Cambodia, Science, Genome, Viral, Article, Evolution, Molecular, Betacoronavirus, Species Specificity, MESH: Alphacoronavirus, Coronavirus 2 du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère, Virology, parasitic diseases, MESH: Species Specificity, Animals, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, Surveillance épidémiologique, Epidemics, MESH: Epidemics, Transmission des maladies, Ecological epidemiology, MESH: Humans, SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Cambodia, COVID-19, MESH: Male
Abstract

International audience; Abstract Recent studies suggest that coronaviruses circulate widely in Southeast Asian bat species and that the progenitors of the SARS-Cov-2 virus could have originated in rhinolophid bats in the region. Our objective was to assess the diversity and circulation patterns of coronavirus in several bat species in Southeast Asia. We undertook monthly live-capture sessions and sampling in Cambodia over 17 months to cover all phases of the annual reproduction cycle of bats and test specifically the association between their age and CoV infection status. We additionally examined current information on the reproductive phenology of Rhinolophus and other bat species presently known to occur in mainland southeast China, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. Results from our longitudinal monitoring (573 bats belonging to 8 species) showed an overall proportion of positive PCR tests for CoV of 4.2% (24/573) in cave-dwelling bats from Kampot and 4.75% (22/463) in flying-foxes from Kandal. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PCR amplicon sequences of CoVs (n = 46) obtained clustered in Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus . Interestingly, Hipposideros larvatus sensu lato harbored viruses from both genera. Our results suggest an association between positive detections of coronaviruses and juvenile and immature bats in Cambodia (OR = 3.24 [1.46–7.76], p = 0.005). Since the limited data presently available from literature review indicates that reproduction is largely synchronized among rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats in our study region, particularly in its more seasonal portions (above 16° N), this may lead to seasonal patterns in CoV circulation. Overall, our study suggests that surveillance of CoV in insectivorous bat species in Southeast Asia, including SARS-CoV-related coronaviruses in rhinolophid bats, could be targeted from June to October for species exhibiting high proportions of juveniles and immatures during these months. It also highlights the need to develop long-term longitudinal surveys of bats and improve our understanding of their ecology in the region, for both biodiversity conservation and public health reasons.

Published
2021

4. Population genetics of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in its native range in Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Author

Elliott F. Miot, Maysa T Motoki, Phoutmany Thammavong, Bruna Demari-Silva, Paul T. Brey, Pattamaporn Kittayapong, Nothasine Phommavanh, Dina M. Fonseca, Sébastien Marcombe, Somsanith Chonephetsarath, Jeffrey C. Hertz, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Vysnova Partners, Inc. [Landover, MD], Smithsonian Institution, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Cellule Pasteur UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Interactions Virus-Insectes - Insect-Virus Interactions (IVI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Naval Medical Research Unit Two [Singapore] (NAMRU-2), Naval Medical Research, Mahidol University [Bangkok], The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. This study was partially supported by the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, work unit number D1428, in support of the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program and Institut Pasteur du Laos. I (JCH) am a military service member. This work was prepared as part of my official duties. Title 17, U.S.C., §105 provides that copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the U.S. Government. Title 17, U.S.C., §101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person’s official duties., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Mosquito Control, viruses, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, Population genetics, cox1 gene, Gene flow, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Phylogeny, Asia, Southeastern, Phylogeny, MESH: Mosquito Control, education.field_of_study, biology, Asia, Eastern, Ecology, MESH: DNA, MESH: Aedes, Aedes albopictus, Mitochondria, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Laos, Genetic structure, MESH: Tropical Climate, Female, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, Algorithms, Genetic population, MESH: Mitochondria, MESH: Bayes Theorem, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, MESH: Genetics, Population, MESH: Algorithms, Mosquito Vectors, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Electron Transport Complex IV, 03 medical and health sciences, Lao PDR, MESH: Electron Transport Complex IV, MESH: United States, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, Genetic variability, education, Isolation by distance, Tropical Climate, Research, fungi, Genetic Variation, MESH: Italy, Bayes Theorem, DNA, Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Haplotypes, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Far East, MESH: Cluster Analysis, United States, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, MESH: Laos, Parasitology, MESH: Female
Abstract

BackgroundThe Asian tiger mosquito,Aedes(Stegomyia)albopictus(Skuse) is an important worldwide invasive species and can be a locally important vector of chikungunya, dengue and, potentially, Zika. This species is native to Southeast Asia where populations thrive in both temperate and tropical climates. A better understanding of the population structure ofAe. albopictusin Lao PDR is very important in order to support the implementation of strategies for diseases prevention and vector control. In the present study, we investigated the genetic variability ofAe. albopictusacross a north-south transect in Lao PDR.MethodsWe used variability in a 1337-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1), to assess the population structure ofAe. albopictusin Lao PDR. For context, we also examined variability at the same genetic locus in samples ofAe. albopictusfrom Thailand, China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Italy and the USA.ResultsWe observed very high levels of genetic polymorphism with 46 novel haplotypes inAe. albopictusfrom 9 localities in Lao PDR and Thailand populations. Significant differences were observed between the Luangnamtha population and other locations in Lao PDR. However, we found no evidence of isolation by distance. There was overall little genetic structure indicating ongoing and frequent gene flow among populations or a recent population expansion. Indeed, the neutrality test supported population expansion in LaotianAe. albopictusand mismatch distribution analyses showed a lack of low frequency alleles, a pattern often seen in bottlenecked populations. When samples from Lao PDR were analyzed together with samples from Thailand, China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Italy and the USA, phylogenetic network and Bayesian cluster analysis showed that most populations from tropical/subtropical regions are more genetically related to each other, than populations from temperate regions. Similarly, most populations from temperate regions are more genetically related to each other, than those from tropical/subtropical regions.ConclusionsAedes albopictusin Lao PDR are genetically related to populations from tropical/subtropical regions (i.e. Thailand, Singapore, and California and Texas in the USA). The extensive gene flow among locations in Lao PDR indicates that local control is undermined by repeated introductions from untreated sites.

Published
2019

5. Avian influenza in the Greater Mekong Subregion, 2003–2018

Author

Andrew R. Greenhill, Ian G. Barr, Annika Suttie, Paul F. Horwood, Erik A. Karlsson, Yi-Mo Deng, Philippe Dussart, Aeron C. Hurt, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Federation University [Churchill, Australia], The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-The Royal Melbourne Hospital, James Cook University (JCU), and AS is funded by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship and a Faculty of Science and Technology Research Scholarship from Federation University Australia.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Avian, Range (biology), animal diseases, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, Prevalence, Myanmar, medicine.disease_cause, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Poultry, Disease Outbreaks, Zoonosis, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Zoonoses, Influenza A virus, MESH: Animals, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Clade, Socioeconomics, MESH: Phylogeny, Asia, Southeastern, Phylogeny, MESH: Influenza, Human, virus diseases, Thailand, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Vietnam, Laos, MESH: Birds, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Cambodia, MESH: Zoonoses, Microbiology (medical), 030106 microbiology, MESH: Influenza A virus, Biology, Microbiology, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Influenza in Birds, Influenza, Human, Genetics, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mekong, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, Outbreak, medicine.disease, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Influenza, 030104 developmental biology, Influenza in Birds
Abstract

International audience; The persistent circulation of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is an ongoing problem for many countries in South East Asia, causing large economic losses to both the agricultural and health sectors. This review analyses AIV diversity, evolution and the risk of AIV emergence in humans in countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (excluding China). The analysis was based on AIV sequencing data, serological studies, published journal articles and AIV outbreak reports available from January 2003 to December 2018. All countries of the GMS have suffered losses due repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 that has also caused human cases in all GMS countries. In Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam AIV outbreaks in domestic poultry have also been caused by clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6. A diverse range of low pathogenic AIVs (H1-H12) have been detected in poultry and wild bird species, though surveillance for and characterization of these subtypes is limited. Subtype H3, H4, H6 and H11 viruses have been detected over prolonged periods; whilst H1, H2, H7, H8, H10 and H12 viruses have only been detected transiently. H9 AIVs circulate endemically in Cambodia and Vietnam with seroprevalence data indicating human exposure to H9 AIVs in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. As surveillance studies focus heavily on the detection of H5 AIVs in domestic poultry further research is needed to understand the true level of AIV diversity and the risk AIVs pose to humans in the GMS.

Published
2019

6. Multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Greater Mekong subregion

Author

Frédéric Ariey, Jérôme Clain, Didier Menard, Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite - Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 261), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Menard, Didier, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030106 microbiology, education, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, MESH: Malaria, Biology, complex mixtures, Article, Disease Outbreaks, Southeast asia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, mental disorders, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Malaria, Falciparum, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Asia, Southeastern, Retrospective Studies, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Humans, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, Outbreak, Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, humanities, Malaria, 3. Good health, body regions, Multiple drug resistance, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract

Summary Background Antimalarial resistance is rapidly spreading across parts of southeast Asia where dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine is used as first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The first published reports about resistance to antimalarial drugs came from western Cambodia in 2013. Here, we analyse genetic changes in the P falciparum population of western Cambodia in the 6 years before those reports. Methods We analysed genome sequence data on 1492 P falciparum samples from 11 locations across southeast Asia, including 464 samples collected in western Cambodia between 2007 and 2013. Different epidemiological origins of resistance were identified by haplotypic analysis of the kelch13 artemisinin resistance locus and the plasmepsin 2–3 piperaquine resistance locus. Findings We identified more than 30 independent origins of artemisinin resistance, of which the KEL1 lineage accounted for 140 (91%) of 154 parasites resistant to dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine. In 2008, KEL1 combined with PLA1, the major lineage associated with piperaquine resistance. By 2013, the KEL1/PLA1 co-lineage had reached a frequency of 63% (24/38) in western Cambodia and had spread to northern Cambodia. Interpretation The KEL1/PLA1 co-lineage emerged in the same year that dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine became the first-line antimalarial drug in western Cambodia and spread rapidly thereafter, displacing other artemisinin-resistant parasite lineages. These findings have important implications for management of the global health risk associated with the current outbreak of multidrug-resistant malaria in southeast Asia. Funding Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Medical Research Council, UK Department for International Development, and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Published
2018

7. Joint ancestry and association test indicate two distinct pathogenic pathways involved in classical dengue fever and dengue shock syndrome

Author

Bruno Cavadas, Luísa Pereira, Fanny Koeth, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Marisa Oliveira, Isabelle Casademont, Worachart Lert-itthiporn, Prida Malasit, Orlando Anunciação, Prapat Suriyaphol, Marina Penova, Richard Paul, Fumihiko Matsuda, Chiea Chuen Khor, Ampaiwan Chuansumrit, Kanchana Tangnararatchakit, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Verónica Fernandes, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Mahidol University [Bangkok], Génétique fonctionnelle des Maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pasteur Kyoto International Joint Research Unit for Integrative Vaccinomics [Kyoto, Japan], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Ramathibodi Hospital, National University of Singapore (NUS), French National Research Agency (ANR-10–INSB–04, Investments for the Future)., ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Universidade do Porto [Porto], Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Male, Heredity, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / genetics, Thai People, Viral Nonstructural Proteins / genetics, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, Genome-wide association study, Genome, Viral / genetics, Dengue virus, MESH: Dengue Virus, Biochemistry, MESH: Genotype, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Odds Ratio, Ethnicities, Protein Phosphatase 2, MESH: Nerve Tissue Proteins, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Asian Continental Ancestry Group, MESH: Protein Phosphatase 2, Genomics, Genomic Databases, Severe Dengue / ethnology, MESH: Infant, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 3. Good health, MESH: Repressor Proteins, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Metabolic Pathways, Carrier Proteins / genetics, MESH: Cell Nucleus, MESH: Gene Expression, Genotype, Bioinformatics, lcsh:RC955-962, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, MESH: Severe Dengue, MESH: Carrier Proteins, Serogroup, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral Proteins, Asian People, Sequence Motif Analysis, Cell Nucleus / virology, Genetic predisposition, Genetics, Xenobiotic Metabolism, Humans, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Haplotype, MESH: Child, Preschool, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Infant, MESH: Adult, lcsh:RA1-1270, Dengue Virus, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, MESH: Sulfotransferases, MESH: Cell Line, 030104 developmental biology, Severe Dengue / genetics, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, MESH: Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Population Groupings, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Carrier Proteins, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, Gene Expression, Repressor Proteins / genetics, MESH: Dengue, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, medicine.disease_cause, Dengue fever, Dengue Fever, Geographical Locations, Dengue, Cohort Studies, Database and Informatics Methods, Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Nerve Tissue Proteins / genetics, MESH: Cohort Studies, Asia, Southeastern, Type C Phospholipases / genetics, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Thailand, Phenotype, Europe, Genetic Mapping, Infectious Diseases, Dengue Virus / genetics, Asian Continental Ancestry Group / genetics, Female, Sulfotransferases, MESH: Genome, Viral, MESH: Type C Phospholipases, Sequence Analysis, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, Dengue / virology, Dengue / genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Genome, Viral, Biology, Genetic Predisposition, Research and Analysis Methods, Cell Line, Young Adult, medicine, Viral Proteins / genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Severe Dengue, MESH: Thailand, Cell Nucleus, Protein Phosphatase 2 / genetics, MESH: Serogroup, Genome Analysis, MESH: Viral Proteins, MESH: Male, MESH: Odds Ratio, Repressor Proteins, Biological Databases, Metabolism, Haplotypes, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Type C Phospholipases, People and Places, Genetics of Disease, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Ethnic diversity has been long considered as one of the factors explaining why the severe forms of dengue are more prevalent in Southeast Asia than anywhere else. Here we take advantage of the admixed profile of Southeast Asians to perform coupled association-admixture analyses in Thai cohorts. For dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the significant haplotypes are located in genes coding for phospholipase C members (PLCB4 added to previously reported PLCE1), related to inflammation of blood vessels. For dengue fever (DF), we found evidence of significant association with CHST10, AHRR, PPP2R5E and GRIP1 genes, which participate in the xenobiotic metabolism signaling pathway. We conducted functional analyses for PPP2R5E, revealing by immunofluorescence imaging that the coded protein co-localizes with both DENV1 and DENV2 NS5 proteins. Interestingly, only DENV2-NS5 migrated to the nucleus, and a deletion of the predicted top-linking motif in NS5 abolished the nuclear transfer. These observations support the existence of differences between serotypes in their cellular dynamics, which may contribute to differential infection outcome risk. The contribution of the identified genes to the genetic risk render Southeast and Northeast Asian populations more susceptible to both phenotypes, while African populations are best protected against DSS and intermediately protected against DF, and Europeans the best protected against DF but the most susceptible against DSS., Author summary Dengue fever is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of East Asia and America, but globalization and climate changes are introducing vector and virus to the naïve regions of Europe and North America. In this work we conducted a statistically robust, coupled association-admixture test in two dengue cohorts from Thailand (classical dengue fever, DF, and dengue shock syndrome, DSS) and a published Vietnamese (DSS only) cohort. We identified new candidate genes associated with DF risk and confirmed known gene family association with DSS risk. In DF, phosphatase control is crucial, including through binding to viral proteins, as we showed for PPP2R5E protein co-localization with DENV1 and DENV2-NS5 proteins within liver cells and differential cellular localizations along time. In DSS, cytokine dynamics, inflammation and activation of vascular endothelium cells are dominant features. The particular genetic risk conferred by these genes indicates that Southeast and Northeast Asians are highly susceptible to both phenotypes, while Africans are best protected against DSS, and Europeans best protected against DF but the most susceptible against DSS.

Published
2018

8. Emergence of indigenous artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum in Africa

Author

Arnab Pain, Yaping Gu, Richard Culleton, Qingfeng Zhang, Feng Lu, Jianxia Tang, Lorenz von Seidlein, Meihua Zhang, Wei-Ming Wang, Abhinay Ramaprasad, Yaobao Liu, Huayun Zhou, Didier Menard, Ju-Lin Li, Chao Zhang, Yuanyuan Cao, Guoding Zhu, Jun Cao, Haitao Yang, Qi Gao, Sui Xu, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nagasaki University, East Hospital [Shanghai, China], King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Mahidol University [Bangkok], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Supported by a grant (2016YFC1200500) from the National Key Research and Development Program of China, grants (81271870, 81630063, and 81601790) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grants (BK20150001 and BK20130114) from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, a grant (1500219094) from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China, grants (BE2016631 and BM2015024) from the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology, a grant (16K21233, to Dr. Culleton) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and a grant (BAS/1/1020-01-01, to Dr. Pain) from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, MESH: Parasitemia, MESH: Mutation, education, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, 030231 tropical medicine, Parasitemia, Drug resistance, MESH: Africa, Indigenous, Southeast asia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Artemisinins, parasitic diseases, Medicine, MESH: Equatorial Guinea, Artemisinin, MESH: Papua New Guinea, health care economics and organizations, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Humans, biology, business.industry, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Artemisinin resistance, MESH: Adult, Plasmodium falciparum, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Antimalarials, Virology, MESH: Male, MESH: Drug Therapy, Combination, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Drug Resistance, business, MESH: Quinolines, Malaria, medicine.drug
Abstract

The emergence of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has threatened the effectiveness of malaria treatment in Southeast Asia. In this report, such resistance has been observed in a patient who was working in Equatorial Guinea.

Published
2017

9. Infectivity of symptomatic and asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infections to a Southeast Asian vector, Anopheles dirus

Author

Wanlapa Roobsoong, Sureemas Buates, Chayanut Suansomjit, Wang Nguitragool, Teerawat Saeseu, Thomas Obadia, Patchara Sriwichai, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Liwang Cui, Kirakorn Kiattibutr, Nattawan Rachaphaew, Ivo Mueller, Mahidol University [Bangkok], Malaria : parasites et hôtes - Malaria : parasites and hosts, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, This study was supported by the TransEPI consortium funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, USA (www.gatesfoundation.org) and National Institutes of Health, USA, International Centers of Excellence in Malaria Research grant (U19 AI089672, www.niaid.nih.gov). We greatly appreciate the contribution to microscopic examinations of blood samples by Mrs. Nongnuj Maneechai. IM is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Senior Research Fellowship. WN is supported by a UK Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Disease reservoir, Plasmodium vivax, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, Parasitemia, 0302 clinical medicine, Anopheles dirus, MESH: Animals, Malaria, Falciparum, Asia, Southeastern, Membrane feeding assay, biology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, Anopheles, 3. Good health, MESH: Plasmodium vivax, Infectious Diseases, Female, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, medicine.symptom, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Mosquito Vectors, Southeast asian, Asymptomatic, Article, MESH: Anopheles, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, Malaria, Vivax, medicine, Animals, Humans, Transmission, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Humans, MESH: Malaria, Vivax, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Malaria, 030104 developmental biology, Infectivity, Parasitology, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Plasmodium vivax is now the predominant species causing malarial infection and disease in most non-African areas, but little is known about its transmission efficiency from human to mosquitoes. Because the majority of Plasmodium infections in endemic areas are low density and asymptomatic, it is important to evaluate how well these infections transmit. Using membrane feeding apparatus, Anopheles dirus were fed with blood samples from 94 individuals who had natural P. vivax infections with parasitemias spanning four orders of magnitude. We found that the mosquito infection rate was positively correlated with blood parasitemia and that infection began to rise when parasitemia was >10 parasites/ll. Below this threshold, mosquito infection is rare and associated with very few oocysts. These findings provide useful information for assessing the human reservoir of transmission and for establishing diagnostic sensitivity required to identify individuals who are most infective to mosquitoes.

Published
2017

10. Optimal health and disease management using spatial uncertainty: a geographic characterization of emergent artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum distributions in Southeast Asia

Author

Arjen M. Dondorp, Shalini Nair, Peter W. Gething, Georgina S Humphreys, Carol Hopkins Sibley, Shannon Takala-Harrison, Mehul Dhorda, Tim J. Anderson, Didier Menard, Mallika Imwong, M. Abul Faiz, Frank Smithuis, Benoit Witkowski, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Charles J. Woodrow, Ric N. Price, Nicholas P. J. Day, Marina McDew-White, François Nosten, Tran Tinh Hien, Jean Marie Kindermans, Paul N. Newton, Eric P. M. Grist, Kyaw Myo Tun, Ignacio Suay Mas, Mayfong Mayxay, Richard J. Maude, Rick M. Fairhurst, Jennifer A. Flegg, Nhien T. Nguyen, Philippe J Guerin, Nicholas J. White, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Tin Maung Hlaing, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) (WWARN), WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Territoires, économie, enjeux sociétaux (LARHRA TEES), LAboratoire de Recherche Historique Rhône-Alpes - UMR5190 (LARHRA), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, University of Oxford [Oxford]-Mahidol University [Bangkok], Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Oxford [Oxford], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK] (Nuffield Department of Medicine), Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Faculty of Tropical Medicine [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahidol University [Bangkok], Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (Faculty of Tropical Medicine), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford [Oxford]-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Wellcome Trust, Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine [Bangkok, Thailand] (Faculty of Tropical Medicine), Mahidol University [Bangkok], University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System, Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit [Yangon, Myanmar], Laboratoire d'épidémiologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-National Institutes of Health, Université de Washington Seattle, LECEMO - Les Cultures de l'Europe Méditérranéenne Occidentale - EA 3979 (LECEMO), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, University of Oxford [Oxford]-Churchill Hospital Oxford Centre for Haematology, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK], University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Monash University [Melbourne], Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, TX], Dev Care Foundation [Dhaka, Bangladesh], Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Defence Services Medical Research Centre [Naypyitaw, Myanmar] (DSMRC), Médecins Sans Frontières Belgique, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Menzies School of Health Research [Australia], Charles Darwin University, Faculty of Tropical Medicine [Bangkok, Thailand], Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research [Rockville], National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Department of Genome Sciences [Seattle] (GS), University of Washington [Seattle], This study was supported by the UK Department for International Development, the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network, the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The Mahidol-University Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Programme is funded by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain. KMT was supported by a Li Ka Shing Foundation Scholarship. MI was supported by Mahidol University. EPMG was supported by the ExxonMobile Foundation. Work at Texas Biomedical Research Institute was supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant (No. R37AI048071) to TJCA and was done in facilities constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Program (Grants C06 RR013556 and RR017515) from the National Center for Research Resources of the NIH., and The authors thank the four anonymous reviewers for critical review of an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank the patients enrolled in the various studies in the Mekong region.

Subjects
MESH: Geography, Health Status, Business, Management and Accounting(all), MESH: Asia, Southeastern, Distribution (economics), Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Southeast asia, 0302 clinical medicine, Anti-Infective Agents, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging, 030212 general & internal medicine, Malaria, Falciparum, Artemisinin, Asia, Southeastern, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Health Status, Surveillance, Geography, biology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, Disease Management, Sampling (statistics), Artemisinins, humanities, 3. Good health, Smart surveillance, Population Surveillance, MESH: Drug Resistance, lcsh:R858-859.7, Cartography, Computer Science(all), medicine.drug, General Computer Science, Health geography, Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Anti-Infective Agents, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, MESH: Disease Management, MESH: Population Surveillance, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Artemisinins, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Greater Mekong Subregion, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, General Business, Management and Accounting, Malaria, Drug resistance, business
Abstract

Background Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites are now present across much of mainland Southeast Asia, where ongoing surveys are measuring and mapping their spatial distribution. These efforts require substantial resources. Here we propose a generic ‘smart surveillance’ methodology to identify optimal candidate sites for future sampling and thus map the distribution of artemisinin resistance most efficiently. Methods The approach uses the ‘uncertainty’ map generated iteratively by a geostatistical model to determine optimal locations for subsequent sampling. Results The methodology is illustrated using recent data on the prevalence of the K13-propeller polymorphism (a genetic marker of artemisinin resistance) in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Conclusion This methodology, which has broader application to geostatistical mapping in general, could improve the quality and efficiency of drug resistance mapping and thereby guide practical operations to eliminate malaria in affected areas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-016-0064-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2016

11. Independent emergence of artemisinin resistance mutations among Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia

Author

Bouasy Hongvanthong, Tran Tinh Hien, Christopher S. Pepin, Nguyen Thanh Thuy Nhien, John C. Tan, Wasif A. Khan, Harald Noedl, François Nosten, Shannon Takala-Harrison, Christopher G Jacob, Jason A. Bailey, Didier Menard, Stuart D. Tyner, Paul N. Newton, Aung Pyae Phyo, David L. Saunders, Frédéric Ariey, Myaing Myaing Nyunt, Christopher V. Plowe, Delia Bethell, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Mallika Imwong, Joana C. Silva, Taane G. Clark, Tyler S. Brown, Myat Htut Nyunt, Youry Se, Peter Starzengruber, Maniphone Khanthavong, Nicholas J. White, Matthew Adams, Arjen M. Dondorp, Mark M. Fukuda, Michael P. Cummings, Bronwyn MacInnis, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon, Myat Phone Kyaw, Chanthap Lon, Cesar Arze, Hans-Peter Fuehrer, Olivo Miotto, Michael T. Ferdig, Mayfong Mayxay, Paul Swoboda, Pascal Ringwald, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, University of Oxford [Oxford]-Mahidol University [Bangkok], U.S. President's Malaria Initiative [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria [Bangkok, Thaïlande] (DPDM), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Faculty of Tropical Medicine [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahidol University [Bangkok], Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences [Bangkok] (AFRIMS), Immunologie moléculaire des parasites, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Center for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institute of Parasitology [Vienna], University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Département informatique (INFO), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok], University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Oxford

Subjects
MESH: Mutation, Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, malaria, Drug resistance, artemisinin resistance, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, kelch, MESH: Genotype, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Artemisinins, parasitic diseases, Genotype, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Kelch protein, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, Genetics, Mutation, MESH: Humans, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, Haplotype, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Southeast Asia, MESH: Antimalarials, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Artesunate, MESH: Drug Resistance, Malaria
Abstract

The emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia threatens malaria treatment efficacy. Mutations in a kelch protein encoded on P. falciparum chromosome 13 (K13) have been associated with resistance in vitro and in field samples from Cambodia.P. falciparum infections from artesunate efficacy trials in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam were genotyped at 33 716 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Linear mixed models were used to test associations between parasite genotypes and parasite clearance half-lives following artesunate treatment. K13 mutations were tested for association with artemisinin resistance, and extended haplotypes on chromosome 13 were examined to determine whether mutations arose focally and spread or whether they emerged independently.The presence of nonreference K13 alleles was associated with prolonged parasite clearance half-life (P = 1.97 × 10(-12)). Parasites with a mutation in any of the K13 kelch domains displayed longer parasite clearance half-lives than parasites with wild-type alleles. Haplotype analysis revealed both population-specific emergence of mutations and independent emergence of the same mutation in different geographic areas.K13 appears to be a major determinant of artemisinin resistance throughout Southeast Asia. While we found some evidence of spreading resistance, there was no evidence of resistance moving westward from Cambodia into Myanmar.

Published
2016

12. A Worldwide Map of Plasmodium falciparum K13-Propeller Polymorphisms

Author

Benoit Witkowski, Hans-Peter Fuehrer, Garib Das Thakur, Céline Barnadas, Djibrine Djalle, Michael Ramharter, Mindy Leelawong, Wasif Ali-Khan, Harald Noedl, Bouasy Hongvanthong, Mohammad Shafiul-Alam, Hypolite Muhindo-Mavoko, Abdillahi Mohamed Hassan, Judith Straimer, Nimol Khim, Kigbafori D. Silué, Kaknika Loch, Barbara H. Stokes, Maria Dorina Bustos, Laura Berne, Dylan R. Pillai, Ayola A. Adegnika, Lin Hua Tang, Rotha Eam, Saorin Kim, Alioune Dieye, Mei Li, Carole E. Eboumbou-Moukoko, Lydie Canier, Marian Warsame, Didier Menard, David A. Fidock, Yap Boum, Lyndes Wini, Abdiqani Sheikh-Omar, Patrick Tshibangu-Wa-Tshibangu, Maman Laminou Ibrahim, Mohammad Jahirul-Karim, Malen Ken, Monique A. Dorkenoo, Sócrates Herrera, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon, Lise Musset, Valentine Duru, Eric Legrand, Maniphone Khanthavong, Pascal Ringwald, Bruno Pradines, Sandrine Houzé, Rachida Tahar, Olukemi K. Amodu, Johann Beghain, Sandie Menard, Liwang Cui, Colin J. Sutherland, Jun Hu Chen, Kesara Na-Bangchang, Khin Lin, Michael Nambozi, Rithea Leang, Jean Christophe Barale, Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia, Marcus V. G. Lacerda, Sophy Chy, Frédéric Ariey, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo, Isabelle Morlais, Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz, Lubin Jiang, Christophe Rogier, Jun Cao, Peter G. Kremsner, Bui Quang-Phuc, Inès Vigan-Womas, Din Syafruddin, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Shigeyuki Kano, Abebe A. Fola, Louis Collet, Karamoko Niaré, Thierry Fandeur, Sedigheh Zakeri, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Antoine Berry, Jean Baptiste Mazarati, Fe Espino, Ghulam Rahim-Awab, Chanra Khean, Offianan Andre Toure, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génétique et Génomique des Insectes vecteurs, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Centre de Recherche Médicale de Lambaréné, Albert Schweitzer, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), University of Ibadan, Nangarhar University, Mahidol University [Bangkok], The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), University of Melbourne, Papua New Guinea Institute for Medical Research (PNGIMR), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Mbarara University of Science and Technology [Mbarara] (MUST), Epicentre Ouganda [Mbarara] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières], World Health Organization (WHO), country office for Thailand, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), JiangSu University, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Disease Control, China, Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Epidemiology and Disease Control division (EDCD), Ministry of Public Health [Nepal], Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Université de Lomé [Togo], Université de Douala, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), University of Gondar, Institute of Parasitology [Vienna], University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, World Health Organisation (WHO), country office for Somalia, Caucaseco scientific research center = Centro de Investigación Científica Caucaseco, National Center for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (Niamey, Niger) (CERMES), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), National Center for Global Health and Medicine [Japan] (NCGM), Institut Pasteur du Laos, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia [Manaus, Brésil] (ILMD), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), National Center for Malaria Control, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health of Cambodgia, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJM), U.S. Naval Medical Research, The Department of Medical Research (Upper Myanmar), Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement [Yaoundé, Cameroun] (IRD [Cameroun]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), University of Antwerp (UA), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Thammasat University (TU), Tropical Diseases Research Center (TDRC), Université de Bamako, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) / Centre Muraz, Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Global Malaria Programme, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Ministry of Health and Human Services [Somalia], Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire [Abidjan] (CSRS-CI), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Groupe de recherche action en santé (GRAS), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Hasanuddin, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology [Jakarta], Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Microbiologie structurale - Structural Microbiology (Microb. Struc. (UMR_3528 / U-Pasteur_5)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Supported by the Institut Pasteur Paris, Institut Pasteur International Division, Institut Pasteur Cambodia, and the World Health Organization, by a grant (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) from the French Government Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases', a grant from Natixis Banques, a grant (R01I109023, to Dr. Fidock) from the National Institutes of Health, grants from the Fiocruz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (13-BSV3-0018-01 and11-BSV7-009-01), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research, and Econo-my, the Calgary Laboratory Services, the Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (CT-2004-31070-001), the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, the Else Kroener Fresenius Stiftung, the Holger Poehlmann Stiftung, the European Community African–European Research Initiative 'IDEA' (HEALTH-F3-2009-241642), the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, the Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad–Universitaire Ontwikkelingssamenwerking, the Belgian Technical Cooperation in Democratic Republic of Congo, the European Community Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013, 242095, and 223601), the European Commission (REGPOT-CT-2011-285837-STRONGER), the Ministère de la Santé Publique du Niger (Laboratoire National de Référence Résistance aux Antipaludiques), the Foundation of National Science and Technology Major Program (2012ZX10004-220), the French Ministry of Health (Institut National de Veille Sanitaire), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the 5% Initiative program (French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France Expertise Internationale, 12INI109), the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, the Government of the Philippines, the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, the Foundation des Treilles, the Délégation Générale pour l’Armement (PDH-2-NRBC-4-B1-402), the Institut Pasteur de Bangui, the International Society for Health Research and Training, the Malaria Research Initiative Bandarban, Vienna, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, the Médecins sans Frontières (Centre Opérationnel Paris, France), Medicines for Malaria Venture, the National Research Council of Thailand, the Thammasat University, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81271870, 81361120405, and 81271863), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130114 and BK20150001), the Jiangsu Science and Technology Department (BM2015024), the National Institutes of Health (R01 AI11646601, AI109023, and ICEMR U19AI089702, U19AI089672), the Pasteur Institute of Iran, the Malaria Division of the Iranian Center for Diseases Management and Control, Public Health England (Malaria Reference Service Contract), the Government of Rwanda, the U.S. Department of Defense Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (P0463-14-N6), the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health training (D43 TW007393), the Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, the Government of Japan (Science and Technology Agency, Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan International Cooperation Agency, and Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development), and the President’s Malaria Initiative of the U.S. Agency for International Development., The KARMA Consortium, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-13-BSV3-0018,MALARTRES,Résistance de Plasmodium aux antipaludiques de la famille des artémisinines(2013), ANR-13-BSV7-0009,NEBEDIV,Le rôle des ennemis naturels dans la diversité béta des arbres tropicaux(2013), European Project: CT-2004-31070-001,EDCCTP, European Project: HEALTH-F3-2009-24164,IDEA, European Project: FP7/2007-2013, 24209,FP7, European Project: FP7/2007-2013, 22360,FP7, European Project: 285837,EC:FP7:REGPOT,FP7-REGPOT-2011-1,STRONGER(2011), European Project: 242095,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2009-single-stage,EVIMALAR(2009), European Project: 223601,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-B,MALVECBLOK(2009), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia., Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Caucaseco scientific research center, Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement [Yaoundé], Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme - Région Antilles-Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID,IBEID,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases'(2010), Van geertruyden, Jean-Pierre, and KARMA Consortium

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Nonsynonymous substitution, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Endemic Diseases, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, Drug Resistance, Protozoan Proteins, Drug resistance, MESH: Genotype, Lactones, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Artemisinin, Malaria, Falciparum, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, Asia, Southeastern, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, Genetics, biology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, General Medicine, Artemisinins, MESH: China, 3. Good health, MESH: Endemic Diseases, MESH: Drug Resistance, Algorithms, MESH: Lactones, medicine.drug, China, MESH: Mutation, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Algorithms, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, MESH: Artemisinins, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Allele, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, Haplotype, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Mutation, Human medicine, Malaria
Abstract

Comment inK13-Propeller Mutations and Malaria Resistance, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1604520; International audience; BACKGROUND:Recent gains in reducing the global burden of malaria are threatened by the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinins. The discovery that mutations in portions of a P. falciparum gene encoding kelch (K13)-propeller domains are the major determinant of resistance has provided opportunities for monitoring such resistance on a global scale.METHODS:We analyzed the K13-propeller sequence polymorphism in 14,037 samples collected in 59 countries in which malaria is endemic. Most of the samples (84.5%) were obtained from patients who were treated at sentinel sites used for nationwide surveillance of antimalarial resistance. We evaluated the emergence and dissemination of mutations by haplotyping neighboring loci.RESULTS:We identified 108 nonsynonymous K13 mutations, which showed marked geographic disparity in their frequency and distribution. In Asia, 36.5% of the K13 mutations were distributed within two areas--one in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos and the other in western Thailand, Myanmar, and China--with no overlap. In Africa, we observed a broad array of rare nonsynonymous mutations that were not associated with delayed parasite clearance. The gene-edited Dd2 transgenic line with the A578S mutation, which expresses the most frequently observed African allele, was found to be susceptible to artemisinin in vitro on a ring-stage survival assay.CONCLUSIONS:No evidence of artemisinin resistance was found outside Southeast Asia and China, where resistance-associated K13 mutations were confined. The common African A578S allele was not associated with clinical or in vitro resistance to artemisinin, and many African mutations appear to be neutral. (Funded by Institut Pasteur Paris and others.).

Published
2016

13. A small cohort of Island Southeast Asian women founded Madagascar

Author

Meryanne K. Tumonggor, François X. Ricaut, Michael G. Nelson, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Male, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, MESH: Founder Effect, MESH: Genetic Markers, Coalescent theory, MESH: Madagascar, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Phylogeny, Asia, Southeastern, Phylogeny, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, MESH: Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Ecology, 030305 genetics & heredity, General Medicine, Founder Effect, Indonesian, Cohort, language, Ethnology, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Settlement (litigation), Genetic Markers, Population, MESH: Genetics, Population, MESH: Indonesia, Biology, Southeast asian, DNA, Mitochondrial, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Prehistory, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, Madagascar, Humans, education, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], General Immunology and Microbiology, MESH: DNA, Mitochondrial, Genetic Variation, MESH: Haplotypes, language.human_language, MESH: Male, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Indonesia, MESH: Female, Founder effect
Abstract

International audience; The settlement of Madagascar is one of the most unusual, and least understood, episodes in human prehistory. Madagascar was one of the last landmasses to be reached by people, and despite the island's location just off the east coast of Africa, evidence from genetics, language and culture all attests that it was settled jointly by Africans, and more surprisingly, Indonesians. Nevertheless, extremely little is known about the settlement process itself. Here, we report broad geographical screening of Malagasy and Indonesian genetic variation, from which we infer a statistically robust coalescent model of the island's initial settlement. Maximum-likelihood estimates favour a scenario in which Madagascar was settled approximately 1200 years ago by a very small group of women (approx. 30), most of Indonesian descent (approx. 93%). This highly restricted founding population raises the possibility that Madagascar was settled not as a large-scale planned colonization event from Indonesia, but rather through a small, perhaps even unintended, transoceanic crossing.

Published
2012

14. Low oral receptivity for dengue type 2 viruses of Aedes albopictus from Southeast Asia compared with that of Aedes aegypti

Author

Marie Vazeille, Leon Rosen, Anna-Bella Failloux, Laurence Mousson, Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), This work was supported by the ACIP n° 41204 of the Pasteur Institute., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Aedes albopictus, viruses, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, MESH: Severe Dengue, Aedes aegypti, MESH: Insect Vectors, MESH: Dengue Virus, Dengue fever, 03 medical and health sciences, Flaviviridae, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Colonization, MESH: Animals, Severe Dengue, Asia, Southeastern, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, biology, fungi, virus diseases, MESH: Aedes, Dengue Virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Insect Vectors, 3. Good health, Flavivirus, Infectious Diseases, Vector (epidemiology), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Parasitology, Viral disease, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Dengue hemorrhagic fever has been a major health problem in Asia since the 1950s. During this period, the former principal vector of dengue viruses in Asia, Aedes albopictus, was replaced by Aedes aegypti in most major cities of the area. Ae. aegypti is now considered the main vector of dengue viruses in Asia. Surprisingly, however, this mosquito has been described as having a relatively low oral receptivity for dengue viruses compared with Ae. albopictus. In the present study, we compared the relative oral receptivities of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus collected in southeast Asia from both sympatric and allopatric breeding sites. In all instances, the oral receptivity of Ae. aegypti to the dengue type 2 virus used was significantly higher than that of Ae. albopictus. We also compared the relative oral receptivity of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for two other low-passage strains of dengue 2. In all instances, Ae. aegypti was significantly more receptive than Ae. albopictus. It should be noted, however, that the difference was found only for Ae. albopictus recently collected from the field (Ta Promh strain, Cambodia, 2001) and not for an Ae. albopictus strain that had been colonized for many years (Oahu strain, Hawaii, 1971). We also observed a significant increase in the infection rate of Ae. albopictus of the Ta Promh strain with increasing generations in the laboratory. These observations demonstrate the importance of considering the colonization history of mosquitoes when assessing their susceptibility to infection with dengue viruses and, perhaps, other arboviruses.

Published
2003

15. Controle genetique de la competence vectorielle des moustiques du genre Aedes

Author

Failloux, Anna-Bella, Vazeille-Falcoz, Marie, Mousson, Laurence, Rodhain, Francois, Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
MESH: Wuchereria bancrofti, MESH: Humans, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, MESH: Filariasis, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Genetics, Population, MESH: Animals, MESH: Aedes, MESH: Dengue, MESH: Insect Vectors
Abstract

International audience; The transmission of pathogens by arthropods is dependent on the relationships that exist between the pathogen, the invertebrate host (the vector) and the vertebrate host, each of which is influenced by environmental variations. Particular attention is given to the knowledge of intrinsic factors and the mechanisms controlling the ability of vectors to transmit pathogens (viruses or parasites). Polymorphism in the expression of susceptibility to oral infection has been shown to occur among geographical samples of mosquitoes. It has been proven that intraspecific variations in vector competence are controlled by one or more genes and expressed in variable proportions within a mosquito population. Recent advances in molecular biology have facilitated accessibility of nucleic acid sequence data. These new techniques allow one to analyse the genotype distribution within and among populations. Population genetic studies are currently used to understand the evolution of species differentiation and provide indications on genetic relationship among field vector populations. Estimations of gene flow with respect to vector capacity have provided rich insight into vector species complexes. Knowledge of intraspecies variation is important for the understanding of vector transmission, disease epidemiology and disease control. In this article, two examples are presented to illustrate the contribution of population genetic studies to the understanding of epidemiology of arthropod-borne diseases: Aedes polyneniensis, a vector of human lymphatic filariasis and Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue viruses.

Published
1999

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