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Testicular adrenal rest tumors are a rare development of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. It is difficult to diagnose due to similarities with Leydig cell tumors. Treatment can be conservative or surgical. We describe the case of a 56 year old male presenting with bilateral testicular pain and irregular growth that was managed with a unilateral orchiectomy. We analyzed the distinguishing factors of testicular adrenal rest tumors compared to Leydig cell tumors, as well as the diagnostic and treatment methods.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial infiltration and pannus formation, and its rising incidence is significantly contributing to the global disability rate. Despite advances in biological drugs, no treatment has successfully cured or averted its progression. Consequently, natural drugs are being explored as alternative therapeutic strategies. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) and to identify its bioactive compounds to assess their effectiveness against RA targets. Methods: The therapeutic potential of P. glaucum extracts was evaluated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized to identify the compounds in P. glaucum extract. The pharmacokinetics and safety profile of these compounds were studied by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation were employed to identify the active compounds and their therapeutic targets in P. glaucum for RA treatment. Results: Acidified methanol (AM) extract of P. glaucum showed the highest phenolic (213 ± 0.008 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid content (138.1 ± 0.03 mg RE/g DW), demonstrating significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. GC-MS of AM extract identified 223 compounds. Lipinski and toxicity parameters screened out 17 compounds. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis shortlisted 20 key targets in RA pathways, nine of which were upregulated in five microarray datasets. Molecular docking and MD simulations revealed that compound-7 (benzenesulfonamide, 2-nitro-N-phenyl-) and compound-9 (Pregnane-3,20-diamine, (3.beta.,5.alpha.,20S)-) bind strongly with MMP9, JAK2, PTGS2, and HIF1a compared to the reference, predicting stable interaction with these upregulated genes. Finally, PASS (prediction of activity spectra for biological active substances) analysis further validated the anti-arthritic potential of these compounds based on their chemical structure. Conclusion: This study uncovered a therapeutic drug candidate against HIF1a, MMP9, JAK2, and PTGS2 for RA from P. glaucum active compounds, laying the groundwork for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are one of the hottest topics in coding theory today. This code invented in the early 1960's, and it having an amazing comeback in the last few years. In this paper, a scheme is proposed to analyze the performance of LDPC which is considered important rival to turbo codes, Convolutional Code (CC) and Read Solomon (RS) in terms of performance and complexity. This code is utilized in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system to evaluate the improvement in the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the system. Comparison is done between turbo code and LDPC code through Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and fading channels. The effect of varying the code rate channel, number of iteration and the code length on the performance of the scheme are also explained.

Bronchogenic cysts are rare, congenital malformations of the foregut, most commonly located in the mediastinum. Subcutaneous bronchogenic cysts are exceedingly rare. We report an 11-month-old boy who presented with an asymptomatic chest wall mass. He underwent surgical excision and final histopathology was consistent with a bronchogenic cyst. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a chest wall subcutaneous bronchogenic cyst in a child. Keywords: Bronchogenic cyst, Chest wall, Subcutaneous, Pediatric

In Pakistan, wheat yield in the rainfed area is being affected due to erratic, unexpected pattern of rainfall. Heat stress is also a limiting factor that decreases the grain weight as well as yield badly. Water is a precious finite natural resource in rainfed areas, and its proper utilization is critical for optimizing crop water yield. During wheat growing season 2010-11, research was planned to evaluate various watering treatments at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) on wheat crop variety (Chakwal-50). Treatments are applied at three phenological Feeks growth stages viz. Feeks Scale = 2.00 (Tillering), Feeks Scale = 10.50 (Anthesis) and Feeks Scale = 10.5.1 (Grain Filling). The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The research site perceived 257.7 mm rainfall water during growing season of wheat crop. The 25 mm level of irrigation water produced maximum biological yield (10392 kg/ha), economic yield (3534.3 kg/ha), 1000 grain weight (40.9 g), plant height (90.8 cm) and length of spike (9.3 cm). There were 64% and 55% increments in biological and grain yield kg/ha when level of irrigation water was applied at the rate of 25 mm at Feeks Scale = 2.00, and Feeks Scale = 10.5.1 of wheat as compared to barani at Feeks Scale viz. Feeks = 2.00, Feeks = 10.50 and Feeks = 10.5.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, attention is paid to investigating the effects of nonlinear thermal radiations for Maxwell nanofluid flow, flowing due to elongating cylinder. For a better understanding of variations in heat transfer, nonlinear heat generation is also considered. The equations of flow, heat and mass transfer due to incorporation of nanoparticles, are modeled through Navier-Stokes, energy, and concentration equations. The reduced partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations with the help of appropriate transformations. The reduced system of ordinary differential equations is simulated by means of efficient technique, namely, the shooting method. Significant difference in the heat transfer enhancement can be observed graphically through temperature profiles and Nusselt number. From the obtained results, finally it is concluded that nonlinear radiation provides better heat transfer rate at the surface of the cylinder as compared to linear or absence of radiation effects. Key words: nonlinear radiation, Maxwell fluid, stretching cylinder, non-uniform heat generation/absorption. Nous payons attention ici aux effets des radiations thermiques non lineaires sur l'ecoulement d'un nanofluide de Maxwell, dont le flot est du a l'elongation d'un cylindre. Pour mieux comprendre les variations dans le transfert de chaleur, nous tenons compte de la generation non lineaire de chaleur. Les equations d'ecoulement et de transfert de masse et de chaleur, suite a l'incorporation de nanoparticules, sont modelisees par les equations de Navier-Stokes pour l'energie et la concentration. Les equations aux derivees partielles reduites sont transformees en equations differentielles ordinaires a l'aide de transformations appropriees. Ce dernier systeme est solutionne par l'efficiente methode de tir. Des differences significatives dans le transfert de chaleur peuvent etre observes dans les profils de temperature et les tables du nombre de Nusselt. A partir des graphiques, nous concluons finalement que, dans ces conditions, la radiation non lineaire fournit un meilleur taux de transfert de chaleur a la surface du cylindre, lorsque comparee aux effets lineaires ou en absence de radiation. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: radiation non lineaire, fluide de Maxwell, cylindre en etirement, generation non uniforme de chaleur, absorption non lineaire de chaleur., Introduction The study of non-Newtonian fluids has received considerable attention due to their elastic, shear thinning, shear thickening, thixotropic, and rheopectic behavior. Different non-Newtonian fluid models have been developed experimentally [...]

In this paper different channel coding and interleaving schemes in DS/CDMA system over multipath fading channel were used. Two types of serially concatenated coding were presented. The first one composed of Reed-Solomon as outer code, convolutional code as inner code and the interleaver between the outer and inner codes and the second consist of convolutional code as outer code, interleaved in the middle and differential code as an inner code. Bit error rate performance of different schemes in multipath fading channel was analyzed and compared. Rack receiver was used in DS/CDMA receiver to combine multipath components in order to enhance the signal to noise ratio at the receiver.

Two-dimensional hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer of Walters-B fluid towards a stagnation point region over a stretching cylinder is discussed. Constitutive equations are transformed into dimensionless form by means of suitable similarity transformations. Spectral quasi-linearization method is employed to obtain the solution of similarity equations. Comparison of computed results with existing results in the limiting case of a flat sheet is also provided. Analysis of obtained results is performed through graphs to discuss the influence of emerging parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles. The flow and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed through parameters representing curvature of cylinder, velocity ratio parameter, magnetic parameter, and Weissenberg number. The curvature of the cylinder has significant impact on the velocity and temperature. A magnetic field applied externally suppresses the bulk motion and alters the momentum boundary layer thickness. The drag and heat transfer rate on the surface of the cylinder are examined through skin friction and heat transfer coefficients. Furthermore, streamlines are drawn to see the flow pattern. Key words: MHD, stagnation point, Walters-B fluid, stretching cylinder, spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM). Nous etudions ici l'ecoulement bidimensionnel et le transfert de chaleur d'un fluide de type Walters-B sur une surface cylindrique elastique vers le point de stagnation. Les equations constitutives sont transformees sous une forme sans dimension via une transformation de similitude appropriee. Nous utilisons la methode de quasi linearisation spectrale pour solutionner les equations de similitude. Nous produisons aussi une comparaison entre les resultats calcules et les resultats existants pour le cas limite d'une surface plane. L'analyse des resultats obtenus se fait a l'aide de graphiques pour discuter de l'influence des parametres emergents sur les profils de vitesse et de temperature. Les caracteristiques de l'ecoulement et du transfert de chaleur sont etudiees a l'aide des parametres representant la courbure du cylindre, le parametre de rapport de vitesse, le parametre magnetique et le nombre de Weissenberg. La courbure du cylindre a un impact significatif sur la vitesse et la temperature. Le champ magnetique exterieur ralentit le mouvement global et altere l'epaisseur de quantite de mouvement de la couche limite. La trainee et le taux de transfert de chaleur a la surface du cylindre sont etudies en fonction des coefficients de frottement superficiel et de transfert de chaleur. Nous dessinons les courbes d'ecoulement afin de visualiser le patron d'ecoulement. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: magnetohydrodynamique (MHD), point de stagnation, fluide de type Walters-B, cylindre elastique, methode de quasi-linearisation spectrale. PACS Nos.: 47.50.-d, 44.20.+b, 44.05.+e, 83.60.Bc, 83.60.Df., 1. Introduction In the past several years, fluid flow and heat transfer over elongating surfaces has gained remarkable attention from engineers and scientists because of their wide applications in industries [...]

In this study, magnetohydrodynamic effects on the mixed convection flow of nanofluid particles, namely, Cu (copper) and [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] (alumina) near a stagnation region over a vertical plate in the presence of viscous dissipation is investigated. The governing equations of the nanofluid flow model proposed by Tiwari and Das (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 50, 2002 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.09.034) are converted into a dimensionless nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations by using the similarity transformation. The solution of the resulting equations is obtained numerically by using a very efficient implicit scheme known as the Keller box method. A comparison with previous studies is shown in tabular form and excellent agreement is found. The effects of pertinent parameters like magnetic parameter M, Eckert number Ec, and volume fraction parameter φ on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number with fixed value of Prandtl number Pr = 6.2 are shown graphically and discussed. These results show that the skin friction coefficient increases for both nanoparticles in assisting and opposing flow cases because of increasing absolute values of M and Ec, on the other hand heat transfer rate is enhanced in the opposing flow case and reduced in the assisting flow case. The values of skin friction coefficient for both nanoparticles, namely, Cu and [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] increase with the increase in volume fraction parameter φ in both assisting and opposing flow cases and Cu has a higher value than [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]. The same behavior is observed for local Nusselt number in opposing flow, but in assisting flow the value of local Nusselt number decreases with the increase of φ in the presence of magnetic and viscous dissipation effects and Cu has a smaller value than [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]. PACS Nos.: 47.35.Tv, 47.65.-d, 47.85.Dh, 44.20.+b, 02.60.-X. Nous etudions ici les effets magnetohydrodynamiques sur l'ecoulement de convection mixte d'un nano-fluide a particules de Cu et de [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3], pres d'une region de stagnation sur une plaque verticale avec dissipation visqueuse. Les equations directrices du modele d'ecoulement de nano-fluide propose par Tiwari et Das (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 50, 2002 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.09.034) sont converties en un systeme non lineaire sans dimensions d'equations differentielles ordinaires a l'aide d'une transformation de similarite. Les equations resultantes sont solutionnees numeriquement en utilisant la methode de la boite de Keller. Un tableau comparatif montre un excellent accord avec des resultats anterieurs. Nous illustrons graphiquement les effets des parametres pertinents, comme le parametre magnetique M, le nombre de Ecker Ec et le parametre de fraction volumique φ sur la vitesse, la temperature, le coefficient de friction superficielle et le nombre de Nusselt pour un nombre de Prandtl fixe a Pr = 6.2. Les resultats montrent que le coefficient de friction superficielle augmente pour les deux types de nanoparticules et dans les deux cas d'ecoulement assiste et oppose selon la valeur absolue de M et de Ec. D'autre part, le taux de transfert de chaleur augmente dans le cas d'opposition a l'ecoulement et diminue dans le cas d'assistance a l'ecoulement. La valeur du coefficient de friction superficielle pour les deux types de nanoparticules augmente avec l'augmentation de φ dans les deux cas d'assistance et d'opposition a l'ecoulement et sont plus elevees pour le Cu que pour [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]. Le meme comportement est observe pour le nombre de Nusselt dans le cas d'opposition a l'ecoulement, mais il diminue dans le cas d'ecoulement assiste lorsque φ augmente et en presence d'effets magnetiques et visqueux et ici la valeur pour Cu est plus faible que celle pour [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction The boundary layer stagnation point flow has gained considerable researcher attention in the last decade because of its many applications in industry, including electronic devices cooled by fans, nuclear [...]

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant tumor of salivary glands.It usually occurs in major salivary glands. The occurrence of intraosseous MEC (IMEC) is rare and is usually seen in the mandibular premolar and molar regions.These tumors present mixed radiolucent and radiopaque images on radiographs, which makes the diagnosis difficult. Thus, histopathological evaluation is the definitive and accurate method for its diagnosis. The treatment depends on the histopathological grading of the tumors. Low-grade tumors are usually treated with radical resection surgeries, and high-grade ones need definitive radiotherapy in addition to radical resection surgeries and neck dissection. Intraosseous involvement of MEC in the mandible is rare. This manuscript highlights the clinical presentation and management of two cases of IMEC of the mandible., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Majeed et al.)

Introduction. Dextransucrase produced by Streptococcus mutans plays a vital role in the formation of dental caries by synthesizing exopolysaccharides from sucrose, which helps in the attachment of microbes to the tooth surface, causing caries. Exploring antibody production against S. mutans antigens could be an effective method to protect against dental caries. Hypothesis. Dextransucrase antibodies may help in the prevention of caries formation by inhibiting essential cariogenic factors. Aims. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dextransucrase antibodies on biofilm formation and certain associated cariogenic factors of S. mutans . Methodology. Dextransucrase was purified from culture of S. mutans . The antisera against the enzyme were raised in rabbits. The effect of dextransucrase antibodies on biofilm formation was studied using scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of the antibodies on associated cariogenic factors were examined using established methods. The cross-reactivity of antibodies with human lung, liver, heart, thyroid and kidney tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Our findings showed impaired biofilm formation in S. mutans in the presence of dextransucrase antibodies. Genes associated with biofilm formation such as gtfB, gtfC, brpA, relA, Smu.630 and vicK were downregulated (50-97 %) by dextransucrase antibodies in S. mutans . The adherence of S. mutans to glass surface was reduced by 58 % and hydrophobicity was reduced by 55.2 % in the presence of the antibodies compared to the controls. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed no cross-reactivity of human tissues with dextransucrase antibodies. Conclusions. These findings suggest that antibodies raised against dextransucrase exhibit a profound inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and vital cariogenic factors of S. mutans , which supports the contention that dextransucrase could be a promising antigen to study for its anticariogenic potential.