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In the study of human behaviour, non-social targets are often used as a control for human-to-human interactions. However, the concept of anthropomorphisation suggests that human-like qualities can be attributed to non-human objects. This can prove problematic in psychological experiments, as computers are often used as non-social targets. Here, we assessed the degree of computer anthropomorphisation in a sequential and iterated prisoner’s dilemma. Participants (N = 41) faced three opponents in the prisoner’s dilemma paradigm—a human, a computer, and a roulette—all represented by images presented at the commencement of each round. Cooperation choice frequencies and transition probabilities were estimated within subjects, in rounds against each opponent. We found that participants anthropomorphised the computer opponent to a high degree, while the same was not found for the roulette (i.e. no cooperation choice difference vs human opponents; p = .99). The difference in participants’ behaviour towards the computer vs the roulette was further potentiated by the precedent roulette round, in terms of both cooperation choice (61%, p = .007) and cooperation probability after reciprocated defection (79%, p = .007). This suggests that there could be a considerable anthropomorphisation bias towards computer opponents in social games, even for those without a human-like appearance. Conversely, a roulette may be a preferable non-social control when the opponent’s abilities are not explicit or familiar.

Oxytocin (OT) is a key modulator of human social cognition, popular in behavioral neuroscience. To adequately design and interpret intranasal OT (IN-OT) research, it is crucial to know for how long it affects human brain function once administered. However, this has been mostly deduced from peripheral body fluids studies, or uncommonly used dosages. We aimed to characterize IN-OT’s effects on human brain function using resting-state EEG microstates across a typical experimental session duration. Nineteen healthy males participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject, cross-over design of 24 IU of IN-OT in 12-min windows 15 min-to-1 h 42min after administration. We observed IN-OT effects on all microstates, across the observation span. During eyes-closed, IN-OT increased duration and contribution of A and contribution and occurrence of D, decreased duration and contribution of B and C; and increased transition probability C-to-B and C-to-D. In eyes-open, it increased A-to-C and A-to-D. As microstates A and D have been related to phonological auditory and attentional networks, respectively, we posit IN-OT may tune the brain for reception of external stimuli, particularly of social nature—tentatively supporting current neurocognitive hypotheses of OT. Moreover, we contrast our overall results against a comprehensive literature review of IN-OT time-course effects in the brain, highlighting comparability issues.

BackgroundCyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have changed the paradigm of Estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) / human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) breast cancer (BC) treatment and represent a new standard of care in metastatic setting. Neutropenia is a well-established adverse event associated with CDK4/6i treatment, but the impact of these agents in BC patients’ immune profile is unknown. This study aimed to characterize changes in host circulating immune cell subsets in BC patients undergoing CDK4/6i therapy and investigate how these changes associate with clinical benefit, by assessing progression-free survival (PFS). MethodsA prospective cohort of metastatic ER+/HER2- BC patients treated with CDK4/6i (palbociclib or ribociclib) was included. Baseline and every 12−14-week peripheral blood samples were collected and objective tumor status evaluated by RECIST criteria at the same time points. Cohort was categorized in CDK4/6i therapy non-responders (CDK4/6i NResp, progression < 6.0 months) and responders (CDK4/6i Resp, PFS ≥6.0 months) using primary resistance to endocrine therapy definition of metastatic BC. A total of 66 different immune populations were assessed by flow cytometry, mainly: B cells, natural killer T (NKT), natural killer (NK), effector (Eff; CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T), effector memory (EM; CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T), central memory (CM; CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T) and naive (CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T), and regulatory T (Treg subtypes I, II and III) cells. Statistical analysis of longitudinal data was performed using Linear Mixed Effects models (LME) and Generalized estimation equations models (GEE) in R (version 3.6.1) and RStudio (version 1.2.5019). Models allowed to estimate and compare variation rates of each cell population in time. ResultsA total of 26 patients were included, with a median age of 58 years (min-max, 27−79). All patients received letrozole or fulvestrant, together with LHRH agonist if premenopausal. Fifteen patients received palbociclib and 11 ribociclib, with 17 (65.4%) and 9 (34.6%) patients treated in 1st and 2nd line, respectively.With a median follow-up of 17.18 months (CI 95% 12.84 - 21.52), 6 (23.1%) patients were CDK4/6i NResp, with a median PFS (mPFS) of 3.61 months (IQR 2.28 - 4.42); only two patients in 1st line setting had PFS Citation Format: Soraia Lobo-Martins, Patrícia Corredeira, Patrícia Borges Alves, Marília Antunes, Ângela Rodrigues, António Quintela, André Mansinho, Pedro Filipe, Leonor Ribeiro, Rita Teixeira de Sousa, Conceição Pinto, Catarina Abreu, Gisela Gordino, Julie Ribot, Karine Serre, Marta Martins, Ana Cavaco, Sandra Casimiro, Bruno Silva-Santos, Luís Costa. Immune cell populations in peripheral blood of metastatic breast cancer patients under CDK4/6 inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS17-37.

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a monogenic disorder characterised by high LDL-C concentrations and increased cardiovascular risk. However, in clinically defined FH cohorts worldwide, an FH-causing variant is only found in 40-50% of the cases. The aim of this work was to characterise the genetic cause of the FH phenotype in Portuguese clinical FH patients. Methods and Results Between 1999 and 2017, 731 index patients (311 children and 420 adults) who met the Simon Broome diagnostic criteria had been referred to our laboratory. LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, APOE, LIPA, LDLRAP1, ABCG5/8 genes were analysed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. The 6-SNP LDL-C genetic risk score (GRS) for polygenic hypercholesterolaemia was validated in the Portuguese population and cases with a GRS over the 25th percentile were considered to have a high likelihood of polygenic hypercholesterolaemia. An FH-causing mutation was found in 39% of patients (94% in LDLR, 5% APOB and 1% PCSK9), while at least 29% have polygenic hypercholesterolaemia and 1% have other lipid disorders. A genetic cause for the FH phenotype was found in 503 patients (69%). All known causes of the FH phenotype should be investigated in FH cohorts to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The quality evaluation and physicochemical parameters assessment of Portuguese monofloral honeys were performed. Fifty-one monofloral honeys were collected from several regions from mainland Portugal, and from the Azores islands, producer labelled as carob tree (n = 5), chestnut (n = 2), eucalyptus (n = 5), bell heather (n = 6), incense (n = 4), lavender (n = 8), orange (n = 9), rape (n = 2), raspberry (n = 2), rosemary (n = 1), sunflower (n = 3), and strawberry tree (n = 4). Pollen analysis and microbiological safety were evaluated, and the parameters such as colour index, moisture content, electrical conductivity, hydroxymethylfurfural, pH, free and total acidity, diastase activity, proline, and sugar profile were assessed for physicochemical characterization, in all 51 monofloral honeys. After melissopalynological examination, the honeys were either confirmed as monofloral, or classified as multifloral with predominance of a specific pollen type or multifloral. Microbiological analysis showed that honeys were safe for human consumption. Pairwise comparisons of physicochemical parameters, using only honey types with n ≥ 3, revealed significant differences between honey types. Despite some homogeneity in sugar profile among honeys, eucalyptus honey was significantly different in glucose, maltose and maltulose content compared to incense, orange and sunflower honeys, and also exhibited a higher isomaltose amount compared to all analyzed honeys. Electrical conductivity, colour index, free and total acidity, and diastase activity showed significant differences between the analyzed honeys, indicating that these parameters may provide an additional tool in monofloral honey identification. This study was partially supported by FCT/MCTES through national funds, under CESAM UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/ 0094/2020, CIMO UID/AGR/00690/2020, CEAUL UIDB/00006/2020, MED UIDB/05183/2020, FEDER, PT2020 PACompete 2020. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Funding Information: Acknowledgments: H.H. has received a PhD Grant from J Mello Saude. The present publication was funded by Fundação Ciência e Tecnologia, IP national support through CHRC (UIDP/04923/2020). D.J.H. are funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre Programme. The work by M.A. is supported by project UID/MAT/00006/2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Tinnitus is the perception of a sound without an external source, often associated with adverse psychological and emotional effects leading to impaired quality of life (QoL). The present study investigated QoL and psychological distress in tinnitus patients and analysed the effects of associated comorbidities. Tonal and speech audiometry, tinnitus assessment, and clinical interviews were obtained from 122 Portuguese individuals (aged from 55 to 75). Portuguese versions of the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (MOS SF-36) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) were used to evaluate psychological distress, health-related QoL, social difficulties and tinnitus severity. The presence of tinnitus was significantly associated with hearing loss. The increases in tinnitus severity were associated with decreases in QoL, particularly regarding MOS SF-36 subscales “perception of health”, “social functioning”, and “mental health”. Regarding BSI, patients with greater tinnitus severity had more severe psychopathology symptoms, measured with scales “Obsessive-compulsive”, “Depression”, “Anxiety”, “Hostility” and “Phobic Anxiety”. Our study supports the notion of the negative impact of increased tinnitus severity on QoL and psychological distress in older adults. Presented data strengthen the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to tinnitus assessment and treatment. View Full-Text. publishersversion published

Background The Montreal classification categorizes patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) based on their macroscopic disease extent. Independent of endoscopic extent, biopsies through all colonic segments should be retrieved during index colonoscopy. However, the prognostic value of histological inflammation at diagnosis in the inflamed and uninflamed regions of the colon has never been assessed. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with treatment-naïve proctitis and left-sided UC. Biopsies from at least 2 colonic segments (endoscopically inflamed and uninflamed mucosa) were retrieved and reviewed by 2 pathologists. Histological features in the endoscopically inflamed and uninflamed mucosa were scored using the Nancy score. The primary outcomes were disease complications (proximal disease extension, need for hospitalization or colectomy) and higher therapeutic requirements (need for steroids or for therapy escalation). Results Overall, 93 treatment-naïve patients were included, with a median follow-up of 44 months (range, 2-329). The prevalence of any histological inflammation above the endoscopic margin was 71%. Proximal disease extension was more frequent in patients with histological inflammation in the endoscopically uninflamed mucosa at diagnosis (21.5% vs 3.4%, P = 0.04). Histological involvement above the endoscopic margin was the only predictor associated with an earlier need for therapy escalation (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-13.0); P = 0.04) and disease complications (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-20.9; P = 0.04). Conclusions The presence of histological inflammation in the endoscopically uninflamed mucosa at the time of diagnosis was associated with worse outcomes in limited UC.

Introduction: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disorder of lipid metabolism, resulting in severe dyslipidemia and increased CVD risk. Simon Broome (SB) criteria for the diagnostic of FH are among the most frequently used in clinical setting, and are based on elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDLc) cholesterol levels, presence of tendinous xanthomas and family history [1]. The molecular diagnosis that confirms this diagnosis reveals, however, a high false positive rate when following these criteria, which can represent a heavy burden in terms of healthcare costs. The main purpose of this work was to develop alternative classification models for FH diagnosis, based on different decision tree (DT) algorithms, using commonly available biochemical markers as predictors. N/A

Aim To develop a statistical model to identify determinants of glycemic control. Materials and methods A database was extracted from patients’ records with at least one glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) analysis and with antidiabetic therapy established and stabilized. A logistic regression model was designed to identify the statistical significance of factors associated with glycemic control. Results Higher probability of success (HbA1c ≤8% [64 mmol/mol]) was found for those who were older in age, those who were men, and those with higher education levels. Increased values for the following variables were associated with the poorest glycemic control: number of years of T2DM since diagnosis, number of antidiabetic medicines, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and number of diabetes consultations in the last twelve months. The following pharmacotherapeutic treatments were associated with glycemic control (in decreasing order of the results): oral antidiabetic drugs; oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin; insulin. Patients using metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have a higher probability of success than do patients using metformin and a sulfonylurea, and patients using insulin and metformin have a higher probability of success than do patients using insulin alone. Conclusions Sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic parameters can strongly affect glycemic control. Studies based on real-life patient data provide important information on the development of more effective glycemic control. publishersversion published

Background: The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin have been repeatedly implicated in social decision making by enhancing social salience and, generally, cooperation. The iterated and sequential version of the prisoner’s dilemma (PD) game is a social dilemma paradigm eliciting strategies of cooperation versus competition. Aims: We aimed to characterise the role of PD players’ sex, game partner type (computer vs. human) and oxytocin or vasopressin inhalation on the player’s strategy preference. Methods: Participants (153 men; 151 women) were randomised to intranasal 24 IU oxytocin, 20 IU vasopressin or placebo, double-blind, and played the PD. We examined main and interactive effects of sex, drug and partner type on strategy preference. Results: We found a pervasive preference for a tit-for-tat strategy (i.e. general sensitivity to the partner’s choices) over unconditional cooperation, particularly when against a human rather than a computer partner. Oxytocin doubled this sensitivity in women (i.e. the preference for tit-for-tat over unconditional cooperation strategies) when playing against computers, which suggests a tendency to anthropomorphise them, and doubled women’s unconditional cooperation preference when playing against humans. Vasopressin doubled sensitivity to the partner’s previous choices (i.e. for tit-for-tat over unconditional cooperation) across sexes and partner types. Conclusions: These findings suggest that women may be more sensitive to oxytocin’s social effects of anthropomorphism of non-humans and of unconditional cooperation with humans, which may be consistent with evolutionary pressures for maternal care, and that vasopressin, irrespective of sex and partner type, may be generally sensitising humans to others’ behaviour.

In this study, we examined the effect of six months of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) red blood cell (RBC) proteome by two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) - based proteomics followed by Western blotting (WB) validation. The discovered dysregulated proteins/proteoforms are associated with cell death, H2O2 catabolic/metabolic process, stress response, and protein oligomerization. Validation by nonreducing WB was performed for peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by using antibodies against the sulfinylated/sulfonylated cysteine of these proteins to better evaluate their redox&ndash, oligomeric states under OSA and/or in response to PAP therapy. The results indicated that the redox&ndash, oligomeric state of GAPDH and PRDX2 involving overoxidation by sulfinic/sulfonic acids were differentially modulated in OSA RBC, which might be compromising RBC homeostasis. PAP therapy by restoring this modulation induced a higher oligomerization of overoxidized GAPDH and PRDX2 in some patients that could be associated with eryptosis and the chaperone &ldquo, gain&rdquo, of function, respectively. This varied response following PAP may result from the complex interplay between OSA and OSA metabolic comorbidity. Hence, information on the redox status of PRDX2 and GAPDH in RBC will help to better recognize OSA subtypes and predict the therapeutic response in these patients. GAPDH monomer combined with body mass index (BMI) and PRDX2 S-S dimer combined with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) showed to be very promising biomarkers to predict OSA and OSA severity, respectively.

Background Histological assessment is becoming increasingly important in the management of Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The Nancy index (NI), a recently developed and validated score, has been shown to accurately represent histological inflammation and to correlate with prognosis. However, it is a composite score, involving the analysis of more than one histological feature, which may limit its applicability. Our aim was to evaluate if a single component of the NI could individually predict prognosis in limited UC (E1 and E2) patients. Methods Multi-centre retrospective cohort study of newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve proctitis and left-sided ulcerative colitis patients. Biopsies from inflamed rectal mucosa were reviewed by two pathologists. Histological features from the NI were selected for analysis, including presence of ulcers, acute inflammatory infiltrate (with separate evaluation of neutrophils in lamina propria and epithelium) and chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Mucin depletion and basal plasmacytosis were also evaluated. The primary outcome was a composite outcome intended to evaluate disease-related complications, including proximal disease extension, need for hospitalisation or colectomy. Survival analysis, including univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analysis was performed. Results A total of 91 patients were included (56.0% males, mean age 44±17 years, median follow-up 44 months [2–328]). Overall, 64.8% of the patients had proctitis (E1) and 35.2% left-sided colitis (E2). The most frequent histological features were the presence of chronic inflammatory infiltrate (93.4%), mucin depletion (81.3%) and basal plasmacytosis (78.0%). During the follow-up, 22.0% presented a disease-related complication. The NI was not able to predict prognosis (HR 3.09, 95% CI 0.71–13.36, p=0.132). In univariate analysis, the presence of neutrophils in the epithelium in more than 50% of the crypts was marginally significant for the primary outcome (HR 2.51, 95% CI 0.99–6.36, p=0.05). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for gender, age at diagnosis, disease extent (E1 vs E2), Mayo endoscopic score (< 2 vs ≥ 2) and clinical severity at diagnosis (mild vs moderate to severe UC) this single component of the score was associated with the primary outcome (aHR 3.36, 95% IC 1.21–9.31, p=0.02). No other histological feature was able to individually predict prognosis (p>0.05). Conclusion The presence of neutrophils in the epithelium in more than 50% of the crypts in endoscopically inflamed mucosa at diagnosis was associated with higher disease complications in limited UC patients. The evaluation of a single feature could facilitate the use of histology in the prediction of prognosis in UC. Our results need to be prospectively validated.

Pharmaceuticals are widespread contaminants across the aquatic systems and despite the role that these compounds play in society today, little is known about their effects in aquatic organisms once they are released into the environment. This study aims to provide quantitative insight on the effects of antidepressants on the reproduction of fish and crustaceans with a multilevel meta-analysis. A systematic literature search identified 19 studies investigating effects of antidepressant exposure in fish or crustaceans' reproduction, according to specific selection criteria. Heterogeneity analysis was performed and the moderating effect of the range of exposure concentrations, exposure time, organism group and toxicant was tested. Additionally, publication bias was also addressed. The results showed that, overall, there is no significant association between antidepressant exposure and the reproduction of fish and crustaceans, however, moderator analysis revealed that the range of concentrations is a significant moderator for fish and crustacean fecundity, showing contrary results between the two groups. Antidepressant concentration had a small, yet positive effect on fish fecundity, meaning that increased concentrations resulted in increased fish fecundity, whilst a negative effect on crustaceans' fecundity was apparent with increasing concentrations. This difference could be related to data artifacts, or, more likely, evidencing a hormetic dose-response curve, with different ranges of exposure concentrations considered in studies on fish and crustaceans. Antidepressants have shown effects on reproductive outcomes in aquatic organisms, based on individual studies and narrative reviews. However, our results show that other factors can have an important role. Additionally, data available for a quantitative assessment is scarce, focusing mainly on a few freshwater species, low concentration ranges and one SSRI compound, fluoxetine. Thus, more research on the subject is needed since meta-analysis are only as statistically powerful as the number of, good quality, studies they include.

Objective To access the incidence of infectious problems after liver transplantation (LT). Design A retrospective, single-center study. Materials and Methods Patients undergoing LT from January 2008 to December 2011 were considered. Exclusion criterion was death occurring in the first 48 hours after LT. We determined the site of infection and the bacterial isolates and collected and compared recipient's variables, graft variables, surgical data, post-LT clinical data. Results Of the 492 patients who underwent LT and the 463 considered for this study, 190 (Group 1, 41%) developed at least 1 infection, with 298 infections detected. Of these, 189 microorganisms were isolated, 81 (51%) gram-positive bacteria (most frequently Staphylococcus spp). Biliary infections were more frequent (mean time of 160.4 ± 167.7 days after LT); from 3 months after LT, gram-negative bacteria were observed (57%). Patients with infections after LT presented lower aminotransferase levels, but higher requirements in blood transfusions, intraoperative vasopressors, hemodialysis, and hospital stay. Operative and cold ischemia times were similar. Conclusion We found a 41% incidence of all infections in a 2-year follow-up after LT. Gram-positive bacteria were more frequent isolated; however, negative bacteria were commonly isolated later. Clinical data after LT were more relevant for the development of infections. Donors' variables should be considered in future analyses.

Clinical remission is today the treatment goal for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which requires fast and assertive therapeutic decisions for a tight control of disease activity. Few objective parameters are available to guide clinical decisions, particularly in switcher patients. We designed a preliminary algorithm introducing immunogenicity assessment in the current approach to patients with RA receiving tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi).To evaluate the concordance between the new algorithm and current clinical practice, comparing the effectiveness of 'immunogenicity-based' versus 'empirical-based' switches in a cohort of patients with established RA receiving biologics.EULAR therapeutic response was evaluated in 105 patients with RA (naive or switchers) over one year, through generalised estimation equation (GEE) analyses. Serum drug trough levels were assessed by ELISA and antidrug antibodies (ADAb) by Bridging ELISA.During follow-up, 48.6% of patients had therapeutic decisions concordant with the proposed algorithm (Group A), and 51.4% had discordant decisions (Group B). One year after the therapeutic decision, patients from Group A had a higher probability of achieving response (OR=7.91, p0.001, 95% CI 3.27 to 19.13) and low disease activity (OR=9.77, p0.001, 95% CI 4.69 to 20.37) than patients in Group B.Immunogenicity assessment might help to optimise therapeutic decisions, leading to a better control of disease activity with significantly better clinical outcomes in patients with RA receiving TNFi.

A Bayesian optimal screening method (BOSc) is proposed to classify an individual into one of two groups, based on the observation of pairs of covariates, namely the expression level of pairs of genes (previously selected by a specific method, among the thousands of genes present in the microarray) measured using DNA microarrays technology. The method is general and can be applied to any correlated pair of screening variables, either with a bivariate normal distribution or which can be transformed into a bivariate normal. Results on microarray data sets (Leukemia, Prostate and Breast) show that BOSc performance is competitive with, and in some cases significantly better than, quadratic and linear discriminant analyses and support vector machines classifiers. BOSc provides flexible parametric decision rules. Finally, the screening classifier allows the calculation of operating characteristics while addressing information about the prevalence of the disease or type of disease, which is an advantage over other classification methods.

Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e Celular Submitted by Alexandra Bastos (alexandrabastos@ua.pt) on 2016-08-29T12:35:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 3950852 bytes, checksum: 0a7e7fa203b3039b8e1381aaf8f2cb12 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T12:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 3950852 bytes, checksum: 0a7e7fa203b3039b8e1381aaf8f2cb12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-26

Introdução: As ações de promoção, prevenção e assistência a gestante e ao recém-nascido (RN) são fundamentais, pois, visão facultar o vinculo entre mãe e filho. Neste trabalho será relevante avaliarmos a percepção das gestantes ao reconhecer a importância da atuação dos enfermeiros frente aos cuidados prestados, fortalecendo o vinculo entre mãe-bebê. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura a percepção da gestante frente a atuação do enfermeiro nos primeiros cuidados com RN. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, de aspecto quantitativo. A coleta foi realizada através da base de dados online Scielo e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, entre o período de setembro a outubro de 2014, a amostra foi composta por 12 artigos científicos. Resultados e Discussão: Os artigos foram publicados em periódicos em diferentes áreas temáticas. Os descritores mais empregados pelos autores foram parto, relações afetivas, cuidados de enfermagem, pré-natal e maternidade. Na analise dos artigos foram encontrados sentimentos positivos e negativos das mulheres em relação mãe-filho e percepção das mulheres em relação aos profissionais de enfermagem. Segundo Piccinini (2012), no pré-natal o enfermeiro como cuidador é responsável por suprir as necessidades emocionais da mãe, alem da saúde física da gestante e do bebê antes do nascimento ficando evidente que os primeiros contatos propiciam o reconhecimento entre mãe e filho. Conclusão: A realização deste estudo possibilitou pesquisar, compreender e identificar o significado da contribuição da equipe de enfermagem para a formação do vinculo entre mãe e filho.Palavras-chave: Percepção das gestantes. Cuidados de enfermagem. Vinculo entre mãe e filho. Recém-nascido.

In a series of papers, Lindgren (1975a, 1985) and de Mare (1980) set the principles of optimal alarm systems and obtained the basic results. Application of these ideas to linear discrete time-series models was carried out by Svensson et al. (1996). In this paper, we suggest a Bayesian predictive approach to event prediction and optimal alarm systems for discrete time series. There are two novelties in this approach: first, the variation in the model parameters is incorporated in the analysis; second, this method allows ‘on-line prediction’ in the sense that, as we observe the process, our posterior probabilities and predictions are updated at each time point.

The count variable number of GP visits (in the previous 3 months) had a large proportion of zeros, as some patients did not visit the doctor within this period. The average number of visits ranged between 0.43 (variance=0.54) at 3 months and 0.11 (variance=0.13) at 12 months. The results of the model indicate that higher income had a negative impact on the number of visits to GP for reasons related to hypertension, probably because people with higher income use private sector more often. Domestic work had a positive impact. Health variables, such as diabetes and number of medicines, which probably reflect a higher need, had a positive impact on GP visits. As expected, those who self-assessed their hypertension as controlled went fewer times to the GP (Table 2).

A logistic regression model is used to assess the association between Campylobacter contamination in broiler meat at the slaughter level and general operating and hygienic aspects of the slaughterhouses and characteristics of the batches. Campylobacter was found in 62.6 % of the carcasses. The presence of Campylobacter in the caeca (RR = 1.47), the presence of hepatitis or perihepatitis (RR = 1.71), and conspurcation of carcasses with faeces during slaughter (RR = 1.59) increase the risk of Campylobacter contamination. The relative risk of contamination associated to the slaughterhouse location and capacity vary from 0.95 to 3.14, depending on the combination of the two characteristics.

In the screening problem, in addition to the classification of a new individual according to the possible outcomes of a categorical variable Y , it is possible to calculate a set of predictive probabilities, called operational characteristics, which constitutes an advantage over the known and well-established classification methods. The procedure consists on the determination a specification region C X based on a feature vector X from each individual. In general, a multivariate normal distribution was admitted for X conditional to the category. In this work, we describe a semi-parametric Bayesian approach that relaxes the distributional assumptions (possibly invalid) using kernel methods to estimate the predictive densities of X in each group. We demonstrate its usefulness when applied to pairs of gene expression levels for binary classification purposes.

Objectives Hearing loss is a condition that interferes with the development of the child at a cognitive and language level. Therefore, early diagnosis of deafness is important for (re)habilitation, namely through the use of cochlear implant (CI). The present study aimed at screening CI Portuguese individuals for the presence of mutations in the genes GJB2 and GJB6 (DFNB1 locus ), and searching a possible correlation between the genotype and the oral habilitation outcome following implantation. Methods Our sample included 117 CI individuals implanted longer than 5 years. Sequencing of GJB2 entire coding region was first performed. The presence of deletions del( GJB6 -D13S1830) and del( GJB6 -D13S1854) was subsequently tested by multiplex PCR. To assess the oral outcome of these individuals, a global score is calculated through a formula that integrates the results of a battery of speech and audiological tests routinely used in ORL services. This global oral performance score was used to test whether individuals with DFNB1-associated deafness perform significantly better than individuals without DFNB1-associated deafness. Results In 35% of the cases, deafness was clearly associated to DFNB1. The most common mutated allele was c.35delG (85%). Other variants have also been found, namely p.Gly130Ala, p.Asn206Ser, p.Val37Ile, p.Glu47X, p.Arg184Trp, p.Trp24X and the two common GJB6 deletions, del( GJB6 -D13S1854) and del( GJB6 -D13S1830), the last one identified for the first time in our population. Regarding the oral outcome, after testing the homogeneity of the two groups it could be observed that, in mean, the individuals with DFNB1-associated deafness perform significantly better ( p = 0.012) than the individuals without DFNB1-associated deafness. Discussion and conclusion This first screening of DFNB1 genes in the Portuguese CI population provides clear evidence of the high proportion of DFNB1-associated deafness amongst the Portuguese implanted individuals. DFNB1 status is significantly associated to higher oral performance scores, with DFNB1 individuals performing, on average, 6% better than the individuals without DFNB1-associated deafness.

Gene classification problem is studied considering the ratio of gene expression levels, X, in two-channel microarrays and a non-observed categorical variable indicating how differentially expressed the gene is: non differentially expressed, down-regulated or up-regulated. Supposing X from a mixture of Gamma distributions, two methods are proposed and results are compared. The first method is based on an hierarchical Bayesian model. The conditional predictive probability of a gene to belong to each group is calculated and the gene is assigned to the group for which this conditional probability is higher. The second method uses EM algorithm to estimate the most likely group label for each gene, that is, to assign the gene to the group which contains it with the higher estimated probability.

Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2021-01-07T18:36:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Marilia Antunes Dantas.pdf: 565663 bytes, checksum: aafd8c029b3e11022007f109e0c912b5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-07T18:36:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Marilia Antunes Dantas.pdf: 565663 bytes, checksum: aafd8c029b3e11022007f109e0c912b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Cette thèse a pour but d être une analyse critique des principales préoccupations de la raison et de l'émotion d'aujourd'hui, afin de cartographier certains de ses modes de désignation, à partir de l avènement de nouvelles formes de représentation et de l'expression de la souffrance psychique, surtout en raison de l'avènement du contexte de la santé mentale. On note que, vers les années 80, il a émergé sur la scène mondiale des premières uvres qui prennent comme point de réflexion la question de l'autonomie et de l'individualisme contemporain, tandis que le discours sur la souffrance psychique devient féconder d une manière sans précédent la vie quotidienne, révélant l'objet d'une grande préoccupation sociale et politique. Dans ce nouveau contexte, l'interconnexion entre les questions sociales et les questions mentales semble être telle que nous pouvons supposer l avènement d une hypothèse sur une nouvelle forme sociale, le champ de la santé mentale, ce qui engendre un nouveau langage et d un nouvel espace de désignation de la notion de souffrance psychique A presente Tese objetiva ser uma análise crítica sobre as principais inquietações da razão e da emoção na atualidade, no intuito de cartografar alguns de seus modos de designação, a partir do surgimento de novas modalidades de representação e de expressão do sofrimento psíquico, notadamente em função do advento do contexto da saúde mental. Observamos que, por volta dos anos 80, começam a surgir no cenário mundial os primeiros trabalhos que tomam como ponto de reflexão a problemática da autonomia e do individualismo contemporâneo, ao mesmo tempo em que o discurso sobre o sofrimento psíquico passa a impregnar de maneira inédita a vida cotidiana, revelando-se objeto de grande preocupação social e política.Neste novo contexto, a interconexão entre temas sociais e questões mentais parece ser de tal ordem que podemos supor a hipótese do advento de uma nova forma social, o âmbito da saúde mental, que engendra uma nova linguagem e um novo espaço de designação em torno da noção de sofrimento psíquico