Author: "Matthieu Lebon" / Publication Year Range: Last 50 years - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Matthieu Lebon"' showing total 65 results

Start Over Author "Matthieu Lebon" Publication Year Range Last 50 years

65 results on '"Matthieu Lebon"'

1. Strontium isotope evidence for Pre-Islamic cotton cultivation in Arabia

Author: Saskia E. Ryan, Eric Douville, Arnaud Dapoigny, Pierre Deschamps, Vincent Battesti, Abel Guihou, Matthieu Lebon, Jérôme Rohmer, Vladimir Dabrowski, Patricia Dal Prà, Laïla Nehmé, Antoine Zazzo, and Charlène Bouchaud
Subjects: cotton (Gossypium arboreum/herbaceum), strontium isotopes, provenance, Nabatean Kingdom, Hegra, Dadan, Science
Abstract: With a view to understanding the dynamics of ancient trade and agrobiodiversity, archaeobotanical remains provide a means of tracing the trajectories of certain agricultural commodities. A prime example is cotton in Arabia, a plant that is non-native but has been found in raw seed and processed textile form at Hegra and Dadan, in the region of al-ʿUlā, north-western Saudi Arabia—sites of critical importance given their role in the trans-Arabian trading routes during Antiquity. Here, we demonstrate that the measurement of strontium isotopes from pre-cleaned archaeological cotton is methodologically sound and is an informative addition to the study of ancient plant/textile provenance, in this case, putting forward evidence for local production of cotton in oasis agrosystems and possible external supply. The presence of locally-grown cotton at these sites from the late 1st c. BCE–mid 6th c. CE is significant as it demonstrates that cotton cultivation in Arabia was a Pre-Islamic socio-technical feat, while imported cotton highlights the dynamism of trade at that time.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Unraveling the polychromy and antiquity of the Pachacamac Idol, Pacific coast, Peru.

Author: Marcela Sepúlveda, Denise Pozzi-Escot, Rommel Angeles Falcón, Nicolas Bermeo, Matthieu Lebon, Christophe Moulhérat, Philippe Sarrazin, and Philippe Walter
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Pachacamac is the name of the 15th-16th century Inca sanctuary on the Peruvian coast as well as the name of one of the principal oracles of Inca divinities. This effigy would have been destroyed by Pizarro in 1533 during his visit to the great monumental complex, and as such the originality and antiquity of the wooden statue-the so-called Pachacamac Idol-have been the subject of much controversy and debate. We present here previously unpublished dates that confirm its manufacture during the Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000), as well as evidence of its original polychromy. Traces of colors were observed on its different sections with portable microscopy and analyses with two different X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry techniques, leading to identification of yellow, white, and red mineral pigments, including the presence of cinnabar. Dated between the 8th and 9th centuries, the statue would have been worshipped for almost 700 years, from the time of its creation to the time of the Spanish conquest, when Pachacamac was a major place of pilgrimage. These data not only offer a new perspective on Pachacamac's emblematic sacred icon, but also on the colorful practices of the Pre-Hispanic Andes.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Direct Dating and Physico-Chemical Analyses Cast Doubts on the Coexistence of Humans and Dwarf Hippos in Cyprus.

Author: Antoine Zazzo, Matthieu Lebon, Anita Quiles, Ina Reiche, and Jean-Denis Vigne
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In the Mediterranean, the island dwarf megafaunas became extinct around the end of the Pleistocene, during a period of rapid and global climate change. In Cyprus, this coincided with the first human presence on the island, as attested by the rock shelter of Akrotiri-Aetokremnos where an Epipaleolithic anthropogenic layer (stratum 2) was found overlying a massive accumulation of pygmy hippopotamus (Phanourios minor (Desmarest, 1822)) [Boekschoten and Sondaar, 1972] bones (stratum 4). The relationship between the two layers is highly controversial and the role played by humans in hippo extinction remains fiercely debated. Here, we provide new, direct radiocarbon and physico-chemical analyses on calcined bones which elucidates the complex depositional history of the assemblage. Bone turquoise was identified using micro-PIXE analysis and depth-profiling together with Vis spectroscopy, demonstrating that these bones were not freshly burned. Bayesian modeling of the radiocarbon dates indicates that stratum 4 accumulated during the first half of the 13th mill cal BP and that calcination occurred several hundred years later. We conclude that accumulation occurred naturally during the beginning of the Younger Dryas and that Epipalaeolithic visitors subsequently used the bones as fuel, starting from the mid-13th mill cal BP. At that time, dwarf hippos were probably already extinct or at least highly endangered. Our results shed new light on the possible causes of hippo extinction, on the subsequent introduction of the wild boar and on the earliest occupation of the island by humans.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Géoarchéologie en contexte karstique dans la Maiella (Abruzzes, Italie), Prospections à visée géoarchéologique et analyses non invasives de l’art rupestre

Author: Elisa Nicoud, Guido Palmerini, Valentina Villa, Silvano Agostini, Lucile Beck, Rosa Maria Dessì, Xavier Gallet, Matthieu Lebon, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)
Subjects: General Earth and Planetary Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

5. Service, expertise et archéométrie : état d’une réflexion collégiale

Author: Marie Balasse, Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet, Philippe Dillmann, Eva-Maria Geigl, Jérémy Jacob, Matthieu Lebon, Anne-Solenn Le Hô, Jean-Claude Lefèvre, Chantal Leroyer, Vivien Mathé, Valérie Merle, Sigrid Mirabaud, Ina Reiche, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Ministère de la Culture (MC), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art (INHA), INHA, New AGLAE - CNRS/Ministère de la Culture/ENSCP (new AGLAE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and comité de pilotage du réseau CAI-RN, Compétences Archéométriques Interdisciplinaires - Réseau National, de la Mission pour les initiatives transverses et interdisciplinaires - MITI CNRS (http://archeometrie.cnrs.fr/)
Subjects: Archeology, 0508 media and communications, Service, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 05 social sciences, Archeometry, 050801 communication & media studies, Expertise
Abstract: International audience; Following a thematic day on “Service and expertise through archaeological and conservation sciences” organised by the CAI-RN network (Competences Archéométriques Interdisciplinaires - Réseau National, MITI CNRS), the members of the Steering Committee of the CAI-RN network who took part in this workshop wished to bring together and clarify in this text a certain number of the points raised during the discussion. In particular, it gives a brief definition of the terms ‘service’ and ‘expertise’ and presents the different types of structures linked to the archaeometric community and carrying out these activities. This proposal for an initial analysis of the current situation also suggests a number of thought-provoking impulses.; Suite à une journée thématique « Service et expertise par les sciences archéologiques et de la conservation » organisée par le réseau CAI-RN (Compétences Archéométriques Interdisciplinaires – Réseau National, MITI CNRS) les membres du Comité de Pilotage du réseau CAI-RN ayant participé à cette journée ont souhaité rassembler et clarifier dans ce texte un certain nombre des points évoqués lors des discussions. Ceci en donnant notamment une brève définition des termes « service » et « expertise » et en présentant les différents types de structures liées à la communauté archéométrique et réalisant ces activités. Cette proposition d’une première analyse de la situation actuelle propose aussi quelques pistes de réflexion.
Published: 2021

6. Contribution and limits of portable X-ray fluorescence for studying Palaeolithic rock art: a case study at the Points cave (Aiguèze, Gard, France)

Author: Julien Monney, Claire Chanteraud, Emilie Chalmin, Camille Noûs, Kevin Jacq, Jean-Jacques Delannoy, Hélène Salomon, Matthieu Lebon, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Mineralogy, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Cave, Portable X-ray, 0601 history and archaeology, Rock art, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Analysing the colouring matter used to make prehistoric rock art is essential in order to retrace the chaînes opératoires involved. Despite the well-documented limitations of portable analysis systems, the need to conserve rock art led us to reassess the capabilities of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry. Thus, we compared in-situ and laboratory analyses of materials from the Points cave (France), and laboratory pXRF results with analyses obtained using other methods and with reference samples. Results confirmed that current pXRF systems are unable to provide data suitable for elucidating the chaînes opératoires of ferruginous colouring matter.
Published: 2021

7. First in situ pXRF analyses of rock paintings in Erongo, Namibia: results, current limits, and prospects

Author: Benoit Caron, Alma Nankela, David Pleurdeau, Guilhem Mauran, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Florent Détroit, Matthieu Lebon, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), National Heritage Council of Namibia (NHC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, geography, Painting, geography.geographical_feature_category, pXRF, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 060102 archaeology, in situ, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, Namibia, Erongo, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Original data, Style (visual arts), Cave, Anthropology, Rock Art, 0601 history and archaeology, Rock art, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, In situ study
Abstract: International audience; Namibia is one of the southern African countries hosting the richest rock art heritage, with thousands of rock paintings. Although numerous studies investigated their distribution, style, and possible meaning, few are known about the materials used to perform these paintings. Our in situ study aimed at identifying the diversity of pigments and alterations of some rock paintings in the northwestern part of the Erongo (Namibia). It relies on extensive pXRF analyses of 35 figures from eight rock art sites of the area. Despite common limits of in situ pXRF analyses, the extensive number of figures analyzed and the original data treatment that we performed pioneered the first scientific analyses of the pigments from rock painting sites in the Erongo Mountains. Furthermore, the study also confirmed the presence of iron oxide pigments on a portion of wall exposed during the excavations carried out at the archeological site of Leopard Cave and of possibly datable alterations over several paintings, paving the way to future chronological analyses of past tradition of rock paintings in Central Namibia.
Published: 2019

8. Data pretreatment and multivariate analyses for ochre sourcing: Application to Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibia)

Author: Jean-Jacques Bahain, David Pleurdeau, Guilhem Mauran, Florent Détroit, Alma Nankela, Benoit Caron, Matthieu Lebon, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Provenance, OchreI, Later Stone Age, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 01 natural sciences, CP-OES, Cave, biology.animal, 0601 history and archaeology, Sequence stratigraphy, Rock art, Leopard CaveNamibia, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, biology, Sourcing, Leopard, 06 humanities and the arts, ICP-MS/MS, Archaeology, Multivariate statistics, Multivariate statistical
Abstract: International audience; Usually referred to as ‘ochre’ or ‘pigment’ in archaeological contexts, ferruginous rocks were commonly exploited during the Later Stone Age in southern Africa. While ochre could lead to crucial inferences about socio-cultural behaviours of past populations, the provenance and the procurement strategies of this material in LSA contexts, as well as its association to rock art remain largely understudied. In the present study, seventeen ochre sources from five geological zones in north-central Namibia and 41 archaeological ochre pieces discovered in the stratigraphic sequence of the Later Stone Age site of Leopard Cave, Erongo Mountains - Namibia, were analysed by ICP-OES and ICP-MS/MS. Geochemical data coupled to data pre-treatment considerations and multivariate statistical analyses demonstrate that archaeological ochres were both collected locally and regionally from more distant sources. Beyond shedding new light on ochre provenance for rock art in north-central Namibia during the Later Stone Age, our data provide new insight into the mobility of past populations and the interactions existing between distinct rock art areas in north-central Namibia.
Published: 2021

9. Standardization Procedure to Provide a Unified Multi-Method Elemental Compositional Dataset, Application to Ferruginous Colouring Matters from Namibia

Author: Guilhem Mauran, Benoit Caron, Lucile Beck, Florent Détroit, Camille NOÛS, Olivier Tombret, David Pleurdeau, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Matthieu Lebon, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Cogitamus
Subjects: Multi-method, History, Archeology, 050208 finance, Polymers and Plastics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 05 social sciences, Compositional data, Namibia, Standardization, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Ferruginous colouring matter, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0502 economics and business, 050207 economics, Business and International Management
Abstract: International audience; Curation of archaeological materials often leads to carrying out multi-analytical methodologies that combine e non-invasive and invasive elemental analyses. Such materials are often analysed with different techniques. It results in the production of complementary but apparently non-compatible compositional datasets that cannot be easily compared directly. In the present paper, we propose to compare results acquired on geological ferruginous colouring matters from Namibia with analytical techniques (X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), Proton-Induced-X-ray Emission spectrometry (PIXE), Inductively Coupled Plasma coupled to Optical Emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma coupled to Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)). We aim to provide a unified elemental dataset about these ferruginous colouring matters, usually referred to as “ochre” in archaeology. Analysed geological samples come from three distinct tectonostratigraphic zones of Namibia surveyed in the frame of rock art research. When compared directly, three of the four datasets obtained from these measurements appear as non-compatible because of the inter-equipment variability. However, through a simple standardization procedure, we demonstrate that it is possible to unify these datasets. This procedure minimizes the inter-equipment variability, making the inter-zones of provenance predominant and allowing distinctions of the samples according to their sole origin. Beyond shedding new light on the possibility to compare different elemental analytical techniques, this procedure paves the way for robust statistical provenance studies of ferruginous colouring matter.
Published: 2021

10. Village néolithique de Klimonas (Ayios Tychonas) - 2018

Author: François Briois, Thomas Cucchi, Jean-Denis Vigne, Solange Rigaud, Bernard Gassin, Pantelitsa Mylona, Benoît Devillers, Pierre-Antoin Beauvais, Laurence Astruc, Claire Manen, Jérôme Robitaille, Simon Puaud, Matthieu Lebon, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: DEVILLERS (géomorphologue, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, B. GASSIN (Tracéologue), M. LEBON, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Univ. Montpellier), General Environmental Science
Abstract: Donnees scientifiques produites : Nouvelles donnees sur les debuts du Neolithique a ChypreAgios Tychonas - Klimonas: French Archaeological Mission par le Departement des Antiquites de ChypreMission archeologique francaise de Klimonas par l’Institut francaise de ChypreProgrammes « Ayios Tychonas – Klimonas, le plus ancien village chypriote » par l’AIBLBlog sur Klimonas Rappels des resultats anterieurs Le site de Klimonas, localise sur la commune d’Ayios Thychonas pres de Limassol, a ete decouv...
Published: 2020

11. Detecting stratigraphical issues using direct radiocarbon dating from small‐mammal remains

Author: Juan Rofes, Anne Tresset, Aurélien Royer, Pierre-Yves Nicod, Mathieu Langlais, Sophie Cersoy, Véronique Laroulandie, Yvan Pailler, Antoine Zazzo, Franck Leandri, Matthieu Lebon, Céline Leandri, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MC - Ministère de la culture, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: absolute dates, stratigraphic sequences, 010506 paleontology, intrusive episodes, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Small mammal, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Paleontology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), small mammals, Absolute dating, law, ddc:550, Small mammals, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Radiocarbon dating, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Préhistoire, Intrusive episodes, archaeology, Absolute dates, Radiocarbone, Archaeology, Stratigraphic sequences, France, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Frequently preserved in archaeological and palaeontological sites, the tiny size of small‐mammal remains favours percolations into underlying layers along stratigraphic sequences. This is one of the various post‐depositional processes that may affect the integrity of the original deposits and therefore the subsequent scientific interpretations. Recent developments in sample preparation offer the possibility of detecting intrusive episodes through the absolute dating of minute amounts of bone (down to 10 mg), meaning that isolated elements (such as mandibles in this case) are sufficient to obtain reliable radiocarbon dates if collagen is moderately to well preserved. The radiocarbon dates obtained here for small‐mammal bones (recovered from pre‐Bølling to recent deposits) and their comparison with previous dates obtained from other sources (large‐mammal bones, charcoal, botanical samples, etc.), with different protocols and instruments, illustrate the potential of small‐mammal dating to reveal (and eventually contribute a solution to) stratigraphical issues in different archaeological contexts.
Published: 2020

12. Deciphering shell proteome within different Baltic populations of mytilid mussels illustrates important local variability and potential consequences in the context of changing marine conditions

Author: Xavier Gallet, Philippe Dubois, Joëlle Vinh, Jaison Arivalagan, Matthieu Lebon, Sophie Berland, Giovanni Chiappetta, Benjamin Marie, Saloua M'Zoudi, Arul Marie, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique (USR3149 / FRE2032) (SMBP), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Biomineralization, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Baltic Sea, Proteome, Periostracum, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Environnement et pollution, Animal Shells, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Environmental Chemistry, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Adaptation, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Abiotic component, Phenotypic plasticity, biology, Chemistry, Ecology, fungi, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Mytilus, Salinity, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Technologie de l'environnement, contrôle de la pollution, Mytilid mussels, Shell matrix proteins, Traitement des déchets, North Sea
Abstract: Molluscs defend themselves against predation and environmental stressors through the possession of mineralized shells. Mussels are widely used to predict the effects of abiotic factors such as salinity and pH on marine calcifiers in the context of changing ocean conditions. Shell matrix proteins are part of the molecular control regulating the biomineralization processes underpinning shell production. Under changing environmental conditions, differential expression of these proteins leads to the phenotypic plasticity of shells seen in many mollusc species. Low salinity decreases the availability of calcium and inorganic carbon in seawater and consequently energetic constraints often lead to thin, small and fragile shells in Mytilid mussels inhabiting Baltic Sea. To understand how the modulation of shell matrix proteins alters biomineralization, we compared the shell proteomes of mussels living under full marine conditions in the North Sea to those living in the low saline Baltic Sea. Modulation of proteins comprising the Mytilus biomineralization tool kit is observed. These data showed a relative increase in chitin related proteins, decrease in SD-rich, GA-rich shell matrix proteins indicating that altered protein scaffolding and mineral nucleation lead to impaired shell microstructures influencing shell resistance in Baltic Mytilid mussels. Interestingly, proteins with immunity domains in the shell matrix are also found to be modulated. Shell traits such as periostracum thickness, organic content and fracture resistance qualitatively correlates with the modulation of SMPs in Mytilid mussels providing key insights into control of biomineralization at molecular level in the context of changing marine conditions., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

13. Direct evidence of Neanderthal fibre technology and its cognitive and behavioral implications

Author: Marie-Hélène Moncel, Nicolas Mélard, Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet, Bruce Hardy, Matthieu Lebon, Céline Kerfant, Department of Anthropology, Kenyon College, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Ministry of Culture, Service régional de l'archéologie Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Kenyon College, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Neanderthal, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Direct evidence, fibre technology, lcsh:Medicine, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Article, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, biology.animal, 0601 history and archaeology, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Neanderthals, Cognitive science, Stone tool, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, biology, lcsh:R, Palaeoecology, Conclusive evidence, 06 humanities and the arts, technological sophistication, Geography, Archaeology, string, engineering, lcsh:Q
Abstract: Neanderthals are often considered as less technologically advanced than modern humans. However, we typically only find faunal remains or stone tools at Paleolithic sites. Perishable materials, comprising the vast majority of material culture items, are typically missing. Individual twisted fibres on stone tools from the Abri du Maras led to the hypothesis of Neanderthal string production in the past, but conclusive evidence was lacking. Here we show direct evidence of fibre technology in the form of a 3-ply cord fragment made from inner bark fibres on a stone tool recovered in situ from the same site. Twisted fibres provide the basis for clothing, rope, bags, nets, mats, boats, etc. which, once discovered, would have become an indispensable part of daily life. Understanding and use of twisted fibres implies the use of complex multi-component technology as well as a mathematical understanding of pairs, sets, and numbers. Added to recent evidence of birch bark tar, art, and shell beads, the idea that Neanderthals were cognitively inferior to modern humans is becoming increasingly untenable.
Published: 2020

14. Unraveling the polychromy and antiquity of the Pachacamac Idol, Pacific coast, Peru

Author: Philippe Walter, Denise Pozzi-Escot, Nicolas Bermeo, Christophe Moulherat, Marcela Sepúlveda, Philippe Sarrazin, Matthieu Lebon, Rommel Angeles Falcón, Universidad de Tarapaca, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac (MQBJC), Sport et Environnement Social (SENS ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pigments, Luminescence, Fluorescence Spectrometry, Social Sciences, Plant Science, Fluorophotometry, Effigy, Cultural Anthropology, Coating Materials, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Sociology, Peru, Middle horizon, 0601 history and archaeology, Materials, Paints, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, computer.programming_language, media_common, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, Physics, Electromagnetic Radiation, Plant Anatomy, 06 humanities and the arts, Art, Built Structures, Wood, Religion, Archaeology, Spectrophotometry, Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Medicine, Statue, Research Article, Structural Engineering, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Materials Science, Fluorescence spectrometry, Ancient history, Research and Analysis Methods, Fluorescence, CONQUEST, Pacific Ocean, 060101 anthropology, White (horse), Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Biology and Life Sciences, Pilgrimage, Anthropology, Icon, computer
Abstract: Pachacamac is the name of the 15th-16th century Inca sanctuary on the Peruvian coast as well as the name of one of the principal oracles of Inca divinities. This effigy would have been destroyed by Pizarro in 1533 during his visit to the great monumental complex, and as such the originality and antiquity of the wooden statue—the so-called Pachacamac Idol—have been the subject of much controversy and debate. We present here previously unpublished dates that confirm its manufacture during the Middle Horizon (AD 500–1000), as well as evidence of its original polychromy. Traces of colors were observed on its different sections with portable microscopy and analyses with two different X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry techniques, leading to identification of yellow, white, and red mineral pigments, including the presence of cinnabar. Dated between the 8th and 9th centuries, the statue would have been worshipped for almost 700 years, from the time of its creation to the time of the Spanish conquest, when Pachacamac was a major place of pilgrimage. These data not only offer a new perspective on Pachacamac’s emblematic sacred icon, but also on the colorful practices of the Pre-Hispanic Andes.
Published: 2020

15. Archaeological ochres of the rock art site of Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibia): looking for Later Stone Age socio-cultural behaviours

Author: Joséphine Lesur, Matthieu Lebon, David Pleurdeau, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Océane Lapauze, Guilhem Mauran, Florent Détroit, Alma Nankela, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Heritage Council of Namibia (NHC), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Later Stone Age, behaviors, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 01 natural sciences, Erongo, Cave, biology.animal, Ostrich eggshell, Assemblage (archaeology), 0601 history and archaeology, Middle Stone Age, coloring material, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, rock art, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, biology, Leopard, chaines opératoires, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Namibia, Rock art
Abstract: International audience; The use of ochre has been documented in many Middle Stone Age sites of Southern Africa. However, the literature on the exploitation of ochre within the archaeological contexts of Later Stone Age (LSA) rock art sites is scarce. Despite the discovery of several painted shelters within the Erongo Mountains (Namibia), no archaeological study of ochre assemblages has been conducted in the region. Here, we present the archaeological ochre assemblage recovered from a LSA sequence at the rock art shelter of Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibia), spanning ca. 5,700 to 2,100 cal. BP. The use-wear traces present on some ochre fragments and the stone tools bearing red residues are indicative of different stages of ochre processing at the site. The presence of other artifacts, such as ostrich eggshell and bone beads with red residues, and the existence of rock paintings in the cave are pointers to the importance of ochre for understanding the sociocultural behaviors of the LSA populations in central Namibia.; Bien que de nombreux sites du Middle Stone Age d'Afrique australe documentent l'utilisation de matières colorantes ferrugineuses, la littérature existante sur leur utilisation dans des contextes archéologiques de sites d'art rupestre du Later Stone Age (LSA) est rare. Malgré la découverte de plusieurs abris ornés riches de nombreux blocs de matières colorantes ferrugineuses dans les monts Erongo (Namibie), aucune étude n'a été mené sur ces matières premières dans cette région. Nous présentons dans cet article l'assemblage archéologique de matières colorantes ferrugineuses récupérées dans l'abri orné de Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibie) au sein d'newapos;une séquence LSA, s'étendant d'environ 5700 à 2100 cal. a. BP. Les traces d'utilisations présentes sur certains blocs de matières colorantes ferrugineuses et la présence d'outils en pierre portant des traces de résidus rouges à leur surface attestent de l'existence de différentes « chaînes opératoires » de traitement des matières colorantes ferrugineuses sur le site. La présence d'autres artefacts portant des traces de résidus rouges tels que des perles en coquille d'oeuf d'autruche ou en os et l'existence dans l'abri de peintures rupestres soulignent l'importance d'étudier les matières colorantes pour comprendre les comportements socio-culturels des populations LSA en Namibie centrale.
Published: 2020

16. Calcium oxalate radiocarbon dating: preliminary tests to date rock art of decorated open-air caves of Erongo Mountains in Namibia

Author: C Moreau, Matthieu Lebon, Alma Nankela, David Pleurdeau, Lucile Beck, Ingrid Caffy, Emmanuelle Delqué-Količ, Marc Sieudat, Marion Perron, B Thellier, Guilhem Mauran, Jean-Pascal Dumoulin, Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Calcium oxalate, Geochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), Oxalate, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cave, law, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Open air, Total organic carbon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, chemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rock art, Geology
Abstract: The direct dating of rock paintings is not always possible due to the lack of organic carbon compounds in pigments, or because sampling from a heritage site is often restricted. To overcome these limitations, dating laboratories have to develop new approaches. In this study, we consider sampling calcium oxalate crusts covering the painted artworks as a way to indirectly date the rock art. This stratigraphic approach includes isolating and extracting pure oxalate from the crusts. The approach was tested on natural bulk accretions collected in the open-air sites of Erongo Mountains in Namibia. The accretions were separated into two phases (pure oxalate and the remaining residues) with a special pretreatment. This process removes carbonates through acidification (HCl 6N) and dissolves the oxalate into the supernatant, leaving the minerals and windblown organic compounds in the residue. The efficiency of the separation was checked on the two phases by FTIR analyses and by 14C dating and showed that pure oxalate powders were indeed obtained. AMS radiocarbon results of various accretions on the same art panels provided ages from modern periods to 2410 ± 35 BP. From these first results, more targeted sampling campaigns can be considered to provide a terminus ante quem for the rock art.
Published: 2020

17. Palaeoproteomics gives new insight into early southern African pastoralism

Author: Joséphine Lesur, Matthieu Lebon, Florent Détroit, Olivier Tombret, Sophie Cersoy, Louise Le Meillour, Séverine Zirah, David Pleurdeau, Alma Nankela, Antoine Zazzo, Emma Imalwa, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe de Paléontologie Humaine [Paris], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Namibia, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), National Heritage Council of Namibia (NHC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, Livestock, Later Stone Age, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pastoralism, lcsh:Medicine, Bone and Bones, Article, law.invention, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Domestication, South Africa, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cave, law, biology.animal, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Animals, Radiocarbon dating, lcsh:Science, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Osteology, Fossils, Radiometric Dating, lcsh:R, Paleontology, Leopard, Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, Antelopes, Archaeology, Evolutionary biology, Identification (biology), lcsh:Q, Collagen, Tooth, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The advent of domestication is a major step that transformed the subsistence strategies of past human societies. In Africa, domestic caprines (sheep and goat) were introduced in the north-eastern part of the continent from the Near East more than 9000 years ago. However, their diffusion southwards was slow. They are thought to have made their first appearance in the southern part of the continent ca. 2000 years ago, at a few Later Stone Age sites, including Leopard Cave (Erongo region, Namibia), which provided the oldest directly dated remains assigned to sheep or goat on the basis of morphology of bones and teeth. However, similarities in morphology, not only between these two domesticated caprine species, but also between them and the small wild antelopes, raised questions about the morphological species attribution of these remains. Additionally, the high fragmentation of the site’s osteological remains makes it difficult to achieve species-level taxonomic identification by comparative anatomy. In this paper, we report molecular species identification of the Leopard Cave remains using palaeoproteomics, a method that uses protein markers in bone and tooth collagen to achieve taxonomic identification of archaeological remains. We also report new direct radiocarbon dates. Wild antelope remains from museum collections were used to enrich the available protein record and propose de novo type I collagen sequences. Our results demonstrate that the remains morphologically described as domesticates actually belong to a wild antelope species and that domestic caprines first appeared at Leopard Cave 1500 years later than previously thought. This study illustrates that the use of palaeoproteomics coupled with direct radiocarbon dates is particularly suited to complement classic zooarchaeological studies, in this case concerning the arrival of the first herding practices in arid environments.
Published: 2020

18. Comparison of Two Bone-Preparation Methods for Radiocarbon Dating: Modified Longin and Ninhydrin

Author: Ingrid Caffy, Emmanuelle Delqué-Količ, C Moreau, Lucile Beck, J. P. Dumoulin, Matthieu Lebon, Hélène Valladas, Cyrielle Messager, Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Chromatography, 060102 archaeology, Chemistry, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Preparation method, chemistry.chemical_compound, Elemental analysis, Ninhydrin, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In this paper, first results comparing modified Longin and ninhydrin collagen extraction methodologies are presented. The goal of this study is to investigate the bones of several species with different ages, preservation conditions, and collagen contents to determine the most suitable preparation method. Different types of samples are used such as VIRI samples, previously dated bones, and background samples. Each bone has undergone elemental analysis, infrared analysis, and 14C measurement. The results are presented and the advantages and disadvantages of each preparation method are discussed. In general, results obtained by the two methods are in accordance with the consensus value for 2σ uncertainty. For VIRI I and a mammoth bone, the ninhydrin preparation gives, respectively, 8450±70 BP and 14,870±60 BP whereas the modified Longin process gives 8365±45 BP and 14,750±100 BP in agreement with the expected values. From the experimental point of view, the modified Longin process is easier to implement than the ninhydrin protocol. From this approach, we can conclude that the modified Longin process could be preferred in most cases and particularly when the amount of bone is small and the sample is not too contaminated.
Published: 2017

19. The early pleistocene site of la Terre-des-Sablons at Lunery-Rosières (Cher department, Centre region, France): sedimentary units, ESR dating, geoarchaeological studies, prehistory

Author: Simon Puaud, Pierre Voinchet, Thomas Ingicco, Jean Dépont, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Gilles Courcimault, Jackie Despriée, Matthieu Lebon, Salah Abdessadok, Mathieu Duval, Christophe Falguères, Marie-Hélène Moncel, Jean‑Claude Jouanneau, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre régional de Recherches archéologiques, 18, rue Charles-Lindbergh, FR-41000 BLOIS., Société d’Archéologie et d’Histoire du Berry, 28, rue Gambon, FR-18000 BOURGES, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre régional de Recherches archéologiques, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Département de Préhistoire du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Griffith University [Brisbane], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 060101 anthropology, Early Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Geology, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 13. Climate action, 0601 history and archaeology, Humanities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Situe pres du site paleontologique de Rosieres, le site prehistorique de « la Terre-des-Sablons » a Lunery (Cher) a ete decouvert dans les annees 1980 et environ 50 pieces taillees prehistoriques typologiquement attribuables a un Paleolithique tres ancien (Mode 1) y avaient alors ete recoltees dans une sabliere exploitant des formations alluviales fossiles du Cher. A partir de 2003, des etudes pluridisciplinaires y ont ete organisees en vue de mieux comprendre la situation geologique et structurale du site et de preciser le mode de depot et la position des formations sedimentaires qui y sont observees afin de les replacer dans le systeme fluviatile du Cher. Trois formations fluviatiles fossiles superposees ont ainsi ete reconnues et leur datation par la methode ESR sur quartz fluviatile optiquement blanchis a montre qu’elles avaient ete toutes trois deposees par le Cher au cours du Pleistocene inferieur entre 1,1 et 0,8 Ma. Lors des prelevements associes a cette etude geochronologique, des pieces d’industrie prehistorique furent de nouveau recoltees a la base de la formation fluviatile la plus ancienne (1,166 ± 0,140 Ma), a 12 m de profondeur sous la surface topographique initiale. Les fouilles menees entre 2006 et 2012 dans cette formation ont revele la presence de quatre niveaux archeologiques associes a deux cailloutis stratifies deposes sur le plancher d’incision et recouverts par cet ensemble fluviatile inferieur. Les techniques de debitage utilisees dans ces assemblages d’artefacts prehistoriques (blocs debites et eclats) rentrent dans la variabilite des techniques de Mode 1 reconnues dans les sites prehistoriques du Pleistocene inferieur europeen. Une etude geoarcheologique de cette unite grossiere a permis de determiner les materiaux siliceux, essentiellement des chailles jurassiques et des meulieres, recoltes sur place par les hominines et de caracteriser la situation des artefacts dans des cellules de cryoturbation ou sur des surfaces d’erosion.
Published: 2017

20. Analyse par fluorescence des rayons X portable

Author: Thomas Calligaro, Matthieu Lebon, Manon Castelle, and Guilhem Mauran
Subjects: Geology
Published: 2019

21. Characterization of painting pigments and ochres associated with the Hoabinhian archaeological context at the rock-shelter site of Doi Pha Kan (Thailand)

Author: Guilhem Mauran, Matthieu Lebon, Hubert Forestier, Xavier Gallet, Manon Bondetti, Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet, Simon Puaud, Valery Zeitoun, Sylvain Courrech du Pont, Philippe Walter, Antoine Zazzo, Prasit Auetrakulvit, Arctic and Antarctic studies, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Silpakorn University, Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (MNHN) ATM fundings.Sorbonne Universités and MH@SATSU-OPPaCro project., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Silpakorn University [Bangkok, Thaïlande]
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, AUSTRALIA, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, MINERALS, Prehistory, AGE, RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 0601 history and archaeology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Painting, 060102 archaeology, IDENTIFICATION, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, Art, 15. Life on land, Hoabinhian, Archaeology, ARNHEM-LAND, Homogeneous, PREHISTORIC PIGMENTS, HEMATITE, PROVENANCE, Rock shelter, ART, Chronology
Abstract: International audience; The use of ochre in mortuary practices was widespread during prehistory. In northern Thailand, several painted rock-shelters attributed to Iron age or Neolithic cultures have provided burials characterized by the presence of pigment fragments and ochres deposits. In the case of Doi Pha Kan, data collected during excavations have highlighted the important role of ochre in funerary rites dating from 13,172 to 10,986 cal BC. The presence of painted panels overhanging Hoabinhian burials raises the question of their chronology and association to painting activities. To investigate this issue at Doi Pha Kan, we applied a multi-analytical approach (optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy, XRF spectroscopy, XRD and μXRD) on painting pigments and ochres associated with a grave (dpk E-5) and the archaeological context to determine the mineralogical and elemental composition of pigment raw materials. We showed that the composition of raw pigments from the archaeological context is homogeneous, suggesting a common geological source characterized by the presence of As. In contrast, pigments on the painted panel have variable compositions indicating that panels were created in different time periods. The pigment used for anthropomorphic figure is the only one similar to the materials identified in the archaeological levels and burial at Doi Pha Kan. Without possibility of direct dating, it is not possible to establish a direct link between the these anthropomorphic figure paintings and mortuary practices, however two painted wall fragments were discovered in the archaeological layers attest to a long tradition of rock painting for at least 13,000 years at this site.
Published: 2019

22. Identification of degraded bone and tooth splinters from arid environments using palaeoproteomics

Author: Séverine Zirah, Antoine Zazzo, Louise Le Meillour, Sophie Cersoy, Matthieu Lebon, Arul Marie, David Pleurdeau, Joséphine Lesur, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), LabEx BCDiv, MNHN, DIM-MAP, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Proteomics, 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Computational biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Bone diagenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Species identification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Ancient collagen, Bone decalcification, Paleontology, Arid, 030104 developmental biology, Africa, Arid environment, Identification (biology), Trypsin Digestion, Geology, ATR-FTIR
Abstract: International audience; The analysis of the skeletal remains of vertebrates in archaeological contexts provides information about human- animal relationship and their environment. Their taxonomic identification based on macroscopic observation is not always possible due to fragmentation and poor preservation. In recent years, proteomics has emerged as an alternative but there is clearly a lack of data in arid environment where diagenesis rapidly affects the integrity of bone proteins. Here, we report the efficiency of three protocols for protein extraction. The protocols used harsh (1 M HCl and 0.6 M HCl) and soft (Tris-EDTA) decalcification agents and were tested on unidentified splinters from the 2000 years-old site of Toteng, Botswana. The preservation of the organic phase was first estimated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a set of samples with contrasted col- lagen contents were selected for palaeoproteomics. The extracted proteins were submitted to a bottom-up proteomic approach involving trypsin digestion followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Our results identify Tris-EDTA buffer as the most suitable dec- alcification protocol for poorly preserved bones and propose a collagen content threshold of ~3% weight content for successful detection of peptides. This approach, combined with biogeographical and chronological reparti- tions of mammals in Africa allows refining taxonomic attributions for four out of nine splinters, leading to species identification. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010725.
Published: 2018

23. Author Correction: Direct evidence of Neanderthal fibre technology and its cognitive and behavioral implications

Author: Marie-Hélène Moncel, Matthieu Lebon, N. Mélard, Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet, Céline Kerfant, and Bruce Hardy
Subjects: Technology, Neanderthal, MEDLINE, lcsh:Medicine, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Lignin, Soil, Cognition, biology.animal, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Animals, Author Correction, Cellulose, lcsh:Science, History, Ancient, Neanderthals, Multidisciplinary, biology, Fossils, Published Erratum, Textiles, lcsh:R, Archaeology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, lcsh:Q, France, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Neanderthals are often considered as less technologically advanced than modern humans. However, we typically only find faunal remains or stone tools at Paleolithic sites. Perishable materials, comprising the vast majority of material culture items, are typically missing. Individual twisted fibres on stone tools from the Abri du Maras led to the hypothesis of Neanderthal string production in the past, but conclusive evidence was lacking. Here we show direct evidence of fibre technology in the form of a 3-ply cord fragment made from inner bark fibres on a stone tool recovered in situ from the same site. Twisted fibres provide the basis for clothing, rope, bags, nets, mats, boats, etc. which, once discovered, would have become an indispensable part of daily life. Understanding and use of twisted fibres implies the use of complex multi-component technology as well as a mathematical understanding of pairs, sets, and numbers. Added to recent evidence of birch bark tar, art, and shell beads, the idea that Neanderthals were cognitively inferior to modern humans is becoming increasingly untenable.
Published: 2020

24. Coloured materials, insights into rock art archaeological context: the case of Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibia)

Author: Guilhem Mauran, Matthieu Lebon, Benoît Caron, Alma Nankela, Florent Détroit, Jean-Jacques Bahain, David Pleurdeau, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Heritage Council of Namibia (NHC)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, pigment, Namibia, Erongo, coloring material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, rock art
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

25. To be pastoralist or not to be? Tracing the introduction of domestic caprines in Southern Africa using Palaeoproteomics

Author: Louise Le Meillour, Joséphine Lesur, Sophie Cersoy, Arul Marie, Matthieu Lebon, Pleurdeau David, Severine Zirah, Antoine Zazzo, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

26. XRF and UV-Vis-NIR analyses of medieval wall paintings of al-Qarawiyyin Mosque (Morocco)

Author: M El Amraoui, Ahmed S. Ettahiri, Christophe Falguères, Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet, L. Bejjit, Imane Fikri, Matthieu Lebon, S. Ait Lyazidi, Roland Nespoulet, M. Haddad, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie des Matériaux et Archéomatériaux (LASMAR), URAC 11 (LASMAR), Université Moulay Ismail (UMI), Faculté des Sciences (LASMAR), Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Moulay Ismail (UMI), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: Calcite, Painting, Gypsum, Materials science, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 010401 analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, Hematite, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Palette (painting), Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Cinnabar, chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Quartz
Abstract: International audience; Medieval wall painting fragments, taken at the medieval Mosque of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, have been investigated by means of X-ray fluorescence and UV-Vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopies. The analyses permitted to determine the palette of pigments used by craftsmen of the time. Hematite or red ochre were used to obtain red brown colours, calcite for white, copper-based pigments for blue and blue-grey shades while a mixture of cinnabar, lead-based pigments and hematite was adopted to make red-orange colours. Furthermore, the analysis of mortars (external layer and plaster) on these wall painting samples revealed that they are composed mainly by calcite and sometimes by additional compounds such as quartz and gypsum.
Published: 2018

27. Macroscopic electrostatic effects in ATR-FTIR spectra of modern and archeological bones

Author: Xavier Gallet, Loïc Ségalen, Julie Aufort, Christian Brouder, Christel Gervais, Etienne Balan, Matthieu Lebon, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie ( IMPMC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique ( HNHP ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biominéralisations et environnements sédimentaires ( BES ), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris ( iSTeP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé ( SMiLES ), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris ( LCMCP ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biominéralisations et environnements sédimentaires (BES), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé (SMiLES), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: fossilization, 010506 paleontology, Materials science, Enamel paint, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, Atr ftir spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, electrostatic properties, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, bone, Apatite, Diagenesis, Ftir spectra, Biomaterials, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, [ SDU.STU.MI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nuclear chemistry, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: International audience; Bones mostly consist of composite materials based on almost equivalent volume fractions of mineral (apatite) and organic (collagen) components. Accordingly, their infrared spectroscopic properties should reflect this composite nature. In this letter, we show by theory and experiment that the variability of the strong phosphate bands in the ATR-FTIR spectra of a series of modern and archeological bone samples can be related to electrostatic interactions affecting apatite particles and depending on the bone collagen content. Key parameters controlling the shape of these bands are the mineral volume fraction and the dielectric constant of the embedding matrix. The magnitude of these effects is larger than the one related to microscopic changes of the apatite structure. Consequently, the interplay of microscopic and macroscopic parameters should be considered when using FTIR spectroscopy to monitor the preservation state of bioapatite during diagenetic and fossilization processes, especially during the degradation of the organic fraction of bone.
Published: 2018

28. Screening in situ bone and teeth preservation by ATR-FTIR mapping

Author: Matthieu Lebon, Antoine Zazzo, and Ina Reiche
Subjects: In situ, chemistry.chemical_classification, Bone preservation, Spatially resolved, Paleontology, Mineralogy, Oceanography, Diagenesis, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, medicine, Carbonate, Organic matter, Cortical bone, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, Mineral matter, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Bones and teeth are highly hierarchically structured and hererogeneous materials, and post mortem processes can reinforce this heterogeneity. It is therefore important to consider this heterogeneity to better understand diagenetic processes. In this study, ATR-FTIR mapping was applied to several heated and un-heated archaeological samples, and to similar modern references in order to test the potential of this method. ATR-FTIR mapping can provide spatially resolved information on alteration state of mineral and organic matter. This technique allowed to describe the spatial distribution of organic and mineral matter preservation in unheated Palaeolithic bones (Bize-Tournal, France) characterized by a better preservation in the centre of the cortical bone. Spatial variations in the chemical composition of an archaeological heated bone (Abri Pataud, France) compared to a modern reference suggested taphonomical uptake of carbonate in the most external part. This pattern could correspond to a process of re-carbonatation of the calcined mineral matter in the outermost part of the sample due to combustion in a CO2 rich atmosphere. FTIR-ATR is a powerful tool that allows for identifying and characterizing local heterogeneities in bone preservation. This technique open new prospects to reconstruct the taphonomical history of ancient samples.
Published: 2014

29. Variability of bone preservation in a confined environment: The case of the catacomb of Sts Peter and Marcellinus (Rome, Italy)

Author: Jaroslav Bruzek, Dominique Castex, Christopher M. Wurster, Kevin Salesse, Elise Dufour, Matthieu Lebon, Antoine Zazzo, History, Archeology, Arts, Philosophy and Ethics, and Multidisciplinary Archaeological Research Institute
Subjects: Bone preservation, Stable isotope ratio, Paleontology, Oceanography, Catacombs, Diagenesis, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Period (geology), Carbonate, Radiocarbon dating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes, Isotope analysis
Abstract: Most of the studies investigating the diagenetic trajectory of fossil bones focus on open-air sites and very little work have been published in confined environments such as catacombs. While the stable thermal history of catacombs should favor bone preservation, the accumulation of corpses over a short period of time could favor their destruction. The aim of this study is to describe the diagenetic trajectory of 128 human bone samples coming from six different burial chambers of the catacomb of Sts Peter and Marcellinus (SSPM, Rome, Italy). A multi-proxy approach was undertaken to provide an assessment of the molecular preservation as well as a direct record of the isotopic composition itself. Collagen yield, carbon and nitrogen abundances, C:N ratio, FT-IR based collagen and carbonate contents and crystallinity index, radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analysis of bone collagen and carbonate indicate that both the mineral and the organic fractions are impacted by diagenesis to various degrees, and that bones originating from the small burial chambers are more affected than those coming from the large ones. While some of the bones were strongly recrystallized, the impact of bone diagenesis on the stable isotope values of bone carbonate was limited. Comparison with contemporary sites from the Latium showed that conditions prevailing in catacombs seem overall to favor, rather than disadvantage bone preservation.
Published: 2014

30. Collagen Extraction and Stable Isotope Analysis of Small Vertebrate Bones: A Comparative Approach

Author: Matthieu Lebon, Juan Rofes, Antoine Zazzo, S. Cersoy, Séverine Zirah, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Extraction (chemistry), Vertebrate, Small mammal, 06 humanities and the arts, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of nitrogen, law.invention, Paleontology, law, Evolutionary biology, Elemental analysis, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, biology.animal, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis
Abstract: Bone remains of small vertebrate fossils provide valuable information for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions. However, direct radiocarbon dating of small vertebrates remains challenging as the extraction of sufficient good quality collagen is required. The efficiency of eight collagen extraction protocols was tested on seven samples, representative of different ages and burial environments, including both macro and small vertebrate taxa. First, the samples were prescreened using attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to quantify collagen content in archaeological bones, revealing that one should be discarded for 14C dating. Then, the quantity of protein extracted (yield) and collagen integrity were checked using conventional elemental analysis. The results show that one protocol was not able to accurately extract collagen from the samples. A soft HCl-based protocol seems more appropriate for the pretreatment of archaeological small mammal bones, whereas a harsher protocol might be more efficient to extract a higher amount of collagen from large mammals as well as amphibian bones. The influence of the tested protocols on carbon and nitrogen isotope values was also investigated. The results showed that isotopic variability, when existing, is related to the interindividual differences rather than the different protocols.
Published: 2017

31. Bone diagenesis variability among multiple burial phases at Al Khiday (Sudan) investigated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

Author: Ivana Angelini, Gilberto Artioli, Donatella Usai, Matthieu Lebon, Gregorio Dal Sasso, Lara Maritan, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Universita degli Studi di Padova, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archaeological record, Infrared spectroscopy, Mineralogy, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, Sudan, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0601 history and archaeology, Precipitation, Bioapatite, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Calcite, 060102 archaeology, Early Holocene palaeoenvironment, Fossil bone, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Paleontology, 06 humanities and the arts, chemistry, Attenuated total reflection, Carbonate, Fossil bone, Diagenesis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Bioapatite, Early Holocene palaeoenvironment, Sudan, Geology
Abstract: In this study the diagenetic pathways of archaeological human bones are investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR). Archaeological excavations at Al Khiday (16-D-4 site, Khartoum, Sudan) revealed a multi-stratified cemetery with distinct burial phases, chronologically attributed to different periods spanning from the Early Holocene to the beginning of the 1st millennium CE. ATR-FTIR measurements are carried out on a set of 56 bone samples, representative of each burial phase. Parameters related to collagen content and to bioapatite crystallinity and structural carbonate are calculated from infrared spectra in order to monitor the types and extent of diagenetic alteration, to assess the preservation state of bones and to define the alteration processes occurring during burial. A new method is here developed to quantify the amount of secondary calcite and to remove its contribution to the infrared spectrum, when interfering with the signal of structural carbonate from bioapatite. Considering the wide span of time covered by the archaeological record, the variability of bones alteration among burial phases is related to the climatic changes occurring in central Sudan during the Holocene. The more humid environment occurring in the Early Holocene, characterised by higher precipitation rates, seasonal swamps and palaeo-lakes, progressively changed towards drier conditions until the current arid climate of the Sub-Saharan belt. The change of palaeoenvironmental and local burial conditions over time differently influenced the types and extent of diagenetic processes affecting bones during burial. In this research are also discussed advantages and disadvantages of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with respect to the more established FTIR spectroscopy in transmission mode.
Published: 2016

32. Can we Use Calcined Bones for 14C Dating the Paleolithic?

Author: Roland Nespoulet, Ina Reiche, Clothilde Comby, Antoine Zazzo, Matthieu Lebon, Laurent Chiotti, Emmanuelle Delqué-Količ, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Bone collagen, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 060102 archaeology, Mineralogy, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Apatite, law.invention, Paleontology, law, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, Calcination, Radiocarbon dating, Aurignacian, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This work aims to test the reliability of calcined bones for radiocarbon dating of the Paleolithic. Fifty-five calcined bone samples coming from Aurignacian and Gravettian layers at Abri Pataud (Dordogne, France) were selected based on their macroscopic features. For each sample, the heating state was estimated on the basis of bone crystallinity (splitting factor [SF] using FTIR) and δ13C value. Twenty-seven bone samples (3 unburnt and 24 calcined) from 5 different levels were prepared for 14C dating. The majority (15/24) of the calcined samples had to undergo a sulfix treatment prior to graphitization, probably due to the presence of cyanamide ion in these samples. The comparison between our results and recently published dates on bone collagen for the same levels shows that unburned bone apatite is systematically too young, while a third of the calcined bones fall within or very near the range of expected age. No clear correlation was found between 14C age offset and δ13C value or SF. Most of the sulfixed samples (14/16) yielded ages that were too young, while almost all of the non-sulfixed samples (8/9) gave ages similar or 2 gas from well-calcined Paleolithic bones can provide reliable 14C ages.
Published: 2013

33. Nouvel examen des ossements humains de Moulin Quignon (Somme, France). Étude anthropologique, taphonomique et première datation par le radiocarbone

Author: Amélie Vialet, Alain Froment, Arnaud Hurel, Antoine Zazzo, Philippe Charlier, Olivier Tombret, Matthieu Lebon, Jean-Claude Favin Lévêque, Carole Vercoutère, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Alexandre Koyré - Centre de Recherche en Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques (CAK-CRHST), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ethique Politique et Santé (EA 4569), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Fondation Albert 1er de Monaco, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Préhistoire, USM 103/UMR 5198, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique ( HNHP ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Alexandre Koyré - Centre de Recherche en Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques ( CAK-CRHST ), École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse ( IMFT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements ( AASPE ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie ( EAE ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Ethique Politique et Santé ( EA 4569 ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 )
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Homo sapiens, [ SHS.HIST ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, media_common.quotation_subject, Morphometry, Bio-archaeology, Art, Epistemology, Mandible, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, Evolutionnist, History and Philosophy of Science, Anthropology, Pathology, Cranium, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Humanities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: Resume En 1863 et 1864, sous l’impulsion de Jacques Boucher de Perthes (1788-1868), une serie de restes humains fut mise au jour dans la carriere de Moulin Quignon, pres d’Abbeville dans la Somme, site connu quelques temps auparavant pour avoir livre des industries lithiques de type acheuleen permettant la reconnaissance « officielle » de la grande antiquite de l’Homme. Ces restes anthropologiques, au lieu d’asseoir les decouvertes precedentes, vinrent les mettre en doute et c’est finalement l’ensemble du site qui fut discredite. Nous avons essaye d’en comprendre les raisons, en examinant ces pieces anthropologiques et en les replacant dans leur contexte scientifique et historique. Vingt-huit restes ont ete identifies dans les collections anthropologiques du Museum national d’Histoire naturelle qui semblent ne correspondre, par comparaison avec ce qui est decrit dans la litterature, qu’a une partie des ossements decouverts. Comme nous les avons attribues a des Homo sapiens, leur presence dans les niveaux acheuleens de Moulin Quignon nous est apparue incoherente. Pour lever le doute sur leur anciennete, deux ossements (fragments de crâne et de tibia) ont fait l’objet d’une datation par le radiocarbone. Les dates obtenues, d’epoque historique recente, confirment leur position intrusive dans le site. Les resultats de l’etude bio-archeologique et taphonomique qui a ete realisee designent les cimetieres situes a proximite, au XIXe siecle, comme de possibles « sources d’approvisionnement ».
Published: 2016

34. When phylogeny meets geology and chemistry: doubts on the dating of Ethiopian amber

Author: André Nel, David Coty, Matthieu Lebon, Biologie Intégrative des Populations, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, 03 medical and health sciences, Paleontology, 030104 developmental biology, Phylogenetics, Insect Science, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Cenozoic, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: SummaryThe first fossil species of a Melissotarsus ant is described (Melissotarsus ethiopiensis n. sp.), suggesting that Ethiopian amber could be cenozoic rather than cretaceous. This hypothesis is supported by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the amber itself, suggesting a weak maturation of the fossil resin, and a revision of the pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (PY-GC-MS) analysis done by Schmidt and his collaborators in 2010, in an article in which the deposit was described for the first time.
Published: 2016

35. Stable isotopes in guano: Potential contributions towards palaeoenvironmental reconstruction in Tabon Cave, Palawan, Philippines

Author: François Sémah, Bassam Ghaleb, C. Falguères, E. Dizon, Matthieu Lebon, Wilfredo Ronquillo, S.C. Jago-on, Florent Détroit, Xavier Gallet, O. Choa, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Last Glacial Maximum, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Prehistory, Paleontology, Cave, Homo sapiens, Interglacial, Archipelago, Guano, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; Tabon Cave is a key site for the understanding of modern human dispersals in the Philippine archipelago and Island Southeast Asia. Nestled in the karst landscape that borders the southwestern coast of Palawan, it has delivered the earliest confirmed Homo sapiens remains in the Philippines dating to the late Pleistocene, as far back as around 47 ka. Among other methods, the broad characteristics of the environment in which these humans once lived may be drawn using stable isotope analysis of the rich guano deposits in the cave, an approach that follows a growing number of studies indicating the potential of guano as a palaeoenvironmental archive. δ13C values reveal the general prevalence of C3 forest tempered by savannah woodland with grassland contributions both well before and slightly after a securely-dated fireplace at 32 ka; the lower interval would refer to OIS 3 or older interglacial periods, while the upper interval would refer to the transition either before or after the Last Glacial Maximum. No useful conclusions are drawn from δ15N results due to suspected ammonia fractionation. Pending future dating efforts for confirmation, this preliminary study contributes to the development of an alternative and promising palaeoenvironmental proxy and hopes to shed further light on the prehistoric odysseys that took place across Island Southeast Asia.
Published: 2016

36. Rapid quantification of bone collagen content by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

Author: Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet, Antoine Zazzo, Xavier Gallet, Ina Reiche, Matthieu Lebon, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Radiocarbon dating, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Sample (material), [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Atr ftir spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Mineralogy, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Quantification, 0601 history and archaeology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Bone collagen, 060102 archaeology, Chemistry, Stable isotope ratio, 06 humanities and the arts, Attenuated total reflection, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Collagen, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, ATR-FTIR
Abstract: Expensive and time-consuming preparation procedures for radiocarbon and stable isotope analyses can be conducted on archaeological bone samples even if no collagen is preserved. Such unsuccessful preparation can lead to the partial destruction of valuable archaeological material. Establishing a rapid prescreening method for evaluating the amount of bone collagen while minimizing the impact of sampling constitutes a challenge for the preservation of archaeological collections. This study proposes and discusses a new methodology to detect and quantify collagen content in archaeological bone samples by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. A total of 42 Pleistocene to modern bone samples were selected according to their nitrogen content measured using an elemental analyzer. Comparison of collagen content estimation using ATR-FTIR and mass spectrometry reveals that some of the studied samples are contaminated by a nitrogen source coming from the burial environment. Two different FTIR calibration approaches were tested on the uncontaminated samples: peak-to-peak ratio and multivariate regression (PLS). The two approaches yield similar results with a good correlation of ATR-FTIR analyses and N wt% from 0.7 to 4wt% (R²=0.97–0.99; standard error of estimation ±0.22 to 0.25wt%). While collagen content remains difficult to detect in poorly preserved bones (less than ~3wt%), ATR-FTIR analysis can be a fast alternative for sample screening to optimize the sampling strategy and avoid partial destruction of valuable samples that do not contain enough collagen for further analysis.
Published: 2016

37. Impact of heating conditions on the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of calcined bone

Author: Antoine Zazzo, Rick Schulting, Christophe Snoeck, Matthieu Lebon, Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Chemistry, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, Isotope, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Fraction (chemistry), 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Isotopes of oxygen, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Isotopes of carbon, law, Environmental chemistry, Carbonate, 0601 history and archaeology, Calcination, Carbon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Only the inorganic fraction of bone survives the high temperatures reached during cremation, so that it remains the sole material available for isotopic analyses. In order to assess the amount of information that can be extracted from such material, we measured carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in the remaining carbonate fraction of experimentally heated modern bone, and cremated bone from several archaeological sites. The results show that the isotope composition of cremated bone is strongly altered, but some information can nevertheless be extracted. First, we find very little evidence of post-burial alterations on the isotope composition of calcined bone. More importantly, it appears possible to obtain information about the way bodies were burned (with or without fuel, oxygen availability) giving the opportunity to improve our knowledge regarding funerary practices in places and times where cremation was practiced.
Published: 2016

38. The first in situ micro‐Raman spectroscopic analysis of prehistoric cave art of Rouffignac St‐Cernin, France

Author: Colette Vignaud, Matthieu Lebon, Frédéric Plassard, Lucile Beck, Ina Reiche, Sophia Lahlil, Michel Menu, Patrick Paillet, and Hélène Rousselière
Subjects: In situ, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mineralogy, engineering.material, Prehistory, Cave art, Cave, Micro raman, Romanèchite, engineering, General Materials Science, Magdalenian, Spectroscopy, Geology, High humidity
Abstract: The first in situ micro-Raman spectroscopic study of prehistoric drawings found in the cave of Rouffignac-Saint-Cernin (Dordogne, France) was carried out. Rouffignac cave art, assigned to the upper Magdalenian Paleolithic period (13500–12000 bp), is constituted of more than 250 drawings and engraving including 158 mammoths. There are about a hundred drawings, all made of black pigments. Until now, destructive chemical analyses performed on one sample, as well as recent micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) in situ analyses have shown that the drawings contain manganese oxides. Because no carbon has yet been found, no direct dating of the drawings could be performed. This new study of the Rouffignac cave using non-destructive in situ micro-analyses aims at confirming or not the absence of carbon-based drawings and at understanding the apparent homogeneity of the parietal representations by the identification of the crystalline phases constituting the black pigments. The adaptability of portable equipment as well as the feasibility of in situ micro-Raman analyses in a cave environment was tested. The results obtained are compared with in situ XRF, and X-ray diffraction microanalysis is performed at the same time in the cave. We demonstrate that a portable Raman instrument is very useful to analyze non-destructively drawings in the following difficult conditions: high humidity, various wall geometries, and small amounts of material studied. These results show that the black manganese oxides romanechite and pyrolusite were used as pigments by prehistorical artists. Carbon and carotenoids have been found locally. Differences between the various figures are highlighted and hypotheses about the drawings production are proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2012

39. Effect of deposit alterations on the dating of herbivorous teeth from Arago cave by the ESR–U-series method

Author: J.-J. Bahain, Guanjun Shen, Jean-Michel Dolo, Qingfeng Shao, H. de Lumley, Christian Perrenoud, C. Falguères, Tristan Garcia, Mathieu Duval, Matthieu Lebon, and Fei Han
Subjects: geography, Series method, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Equivalent dose, Stratigraphy, Carbonation, Mineralogy, Geology, biology.organism_classification, Cave, Total dose, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Aeolian processes, Homo heidelbergensis, Dose rate
Abstract: Geochemical alteration processes in archaeological sites may affect the environmental dose rate during the burial history and cause inaccuracy in age determination by palaeodosimetric dating methods, such as luminescence or ESR. In Arago Cave (Tautavel, France), the original composition of the sandy aeolian sediments of palaeoanthropological level G, where the Homo heidelbergensis Arago XXI skull was found, has been modified by both carbonation and phosphatization processes. Eight fossil teeth were collected from different geochemically affected parts of level G and analyzed by the ESR–U-series method. All the teeth are presumably contemporaneous. The results show that the samples from the phosphated area agree within error with those from the carbonated area. Surprisingly, the samples from the non-altered area show ages 100–150 ka younger. This difference is mainly due to the remarkable changes in the gamma dose rate over time. The measured in situ dose rate accounts for more than 50% of the total dose rate for all the samples. We observed that the samples' equivalent dose ( D E ) were generally 20% lower in the non-altered area than in the carbonated and phosphated ones. These results show the crucial effect of the geochemical processes affecting the age calculation by ESR–U-series method in comparison with independent chronological data.
Published: 2010

40. Contribution of ESR/U-series dating to the chronology of late Middle Palaeolithic sites in the middle Rhône valley, southeastern France

Author: Pierre Voinchet, C. Falguères, Matthieu Lebon, Maïlys Richard, Camille Daujeard, Simon Puaud, Hélène Valladas, Jean-Michel Dolo, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Marie-Hélène Moncel, Jean-Paul Raynal, Mathieu Rué, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES-ALCATEL, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Préhistoire, Department of geochronology, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Paléotime, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes (UR TSCF), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Gamma dose, Rate measurement, law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Series (stratigraphy), 060102 archaeology, Geology, 06 humanities and the arts, Demise, Archaeology, Period (geology), Chronology
Abstract: International audience; The establishment of a chronology for late Middle Palaeolithic sites on the right bank of the Rhone valley in southeastern France is important for the knowledge of Neandertal dynamics and their demise in this area. The suite of dating methods that are directly applicable to fossils is limited for this period, especially around 50 ka where radiocarbon dating is beyond its technical limits. Currently applied to Middle and Lower Pleistocene periods, the use of combined ESR/U-series dating on Upper Pleistocene samples led to new issues, such as the acquisition of an age for samples yielding low equivalent doses and low uranium content in dental tissues. The gamma dose rate measurement thus plays a key role in age calculation. Beyond the discussion on methodological issues, the present study contributes to the establishment of a chronological framework that covers the Neandertal occupations between MIS 5 and MIS 3 for this area.
Published: 2015

41. Approches expérimentales appliquées à l’étude des processus de combustion des matériaux osseux

Author: Matthieu Lebon, Sandrine Costamagno, and Isabelle Thery-Parisot
Published: 2015

42. Vers une meilleure évaluation de l’état de préservation des matières osseuses archéologiques par la caractérisation résolue spatialement mutiéchelle

Author: Ina Reiche and Matthieu Lebon
Published: 2015

43. Histoires d'ancêtres - La grande aventure de la Préhistoire

Author: Dominique Grimaud-Hervé, Frederic Serre, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Roland Nespoulet, Romain Pigeaud, Claire Gaillard, Thomas Ingicco, François Marchal, Marie-Hélène Moncel, Sandrine Prat, François Sémah, Martha Arzarello, Antoine Balzeau, Florent Détroit, Matthieu Lebon, Davis Pleurdeau, Pierre Voinchet, Dominique Henry-Gambier, Evelyne Heyer, Christine Verna, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Abstract: International audience; On nomme Paléoanthropologie l'histoire naturelle de l'Homme, et Préhistoire son histoire culturelle. La Paléoanthropologie et la Préhistoire sont des sciences à la limite des domaines des Sciences de la Terre, des Sciences de la Vie et des Sciences de l'Homme. Elles participent donc à l'acquisition des connaissances et sont, en ce sens, indissociables de leurs consœurs et du propos commun qui les unit, la description du monde et la tentative de compréhension logique de son fonctionnement. L'Homme se transforme d'abord physiquement plus vite que n'évolue sa culture, puis le phénomène s'inverse ; la culture accélère de manière exponentielle son développement, laissant littéralement sur place l'évolution biologique. L'équipement culturel de plus en plus important de l'Homme a eu simplement de plus en plus tendance à répondre avant son propre corps aux sollicitations du milieu naturel ; ainsi peu à peu chez lui, l'instinct a cédé le pas au libre arbitre. En d'autres termes, l'Homme a peu à peu, grâce à la connaissance, gagné sa liberté, sa responsabilité, sa dignité." (Extrait de la préface d'Yves Coppens.)La fabuleuse histoire de l'origine de l'Homme est relatée ici de façon simple et synthétique, avec les acquis de toutes dernières découvertes. Toutes les espèces qui ont participé de près ou de loin à la genèse des Hominidés sont décrites biologiquement, ainsi que leur apport culturel. Cinquante million d'années d'histoire se sont déroulées jusqu'à cette espèce Home sapiens sapiens, la nôtre.
Published: 2015

44. First use of portable system coupling X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence for in-situ analysis of prehistoric rock art

Author: L. Beck, Matthieu Lebon, Frédéric Plassard, Brice Moignard, Jacques Castaing, Hélène Rousselière, Adrian Duran, Lab JANNUS, Service de recherches de métallurgie physique (SRMP), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Chemistry, Mineralogy, X-ray fluorescence, engineering.material, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Analytical Chemistry, Characterization (materials science), Prehistory, Cultural heritage, Cave, Romanèchite, 11. Sustainability, engineering, Rock art, Prehistoric art
Abstract: International audience; Study of prehistoric art is playing a major role in the knowledge of human evolution. Many scientific methods are involved in this investigation including chemical analysis of pigments present on artefacts or applied to cave walls. In the past decades, the characterization of coloured materials was carried on by taking small samples. This procedure had two main disadvantages: slight but existing damage of the paintings and limitation of the number of samples. Thanks to the advanced development of portable systems, in-situ analysis of pigment in cave can be now undertaken without fear for this fragile Cultural Heritage. For the first time, a portable system combining XRD and XRF was used in an underground and archaeological environment for prehistoric rock art studies. In-situ non-destructive analysis of black prehistoric drawings and determination of their composition and crystalline structure were successfully carried out. Original results on pigments used 13,000 years ago in the cave of Rouffignac (France) were obtained showing the use of two main manganese oxides: pyrolusite and romanechite. The capabilities of the portable XRD–XRF system have been demonstrated for the characterization of pigments as well as for the analysis of rock in a cave environment. This first in-situ experiment combining X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence open up new horizons and can fundamentally change our approach of rock art studies.
Published: 2014

45. Prehistoric pigment characterisation of the Abri Pataud rock-shelter (Dordogne, France)

Author: Laurent Chiotti, L. Beck, Sylvain Grégoire, Matthieu Lebon, Patrick Paillet, Michel Menu, and Roland Nespoulet
Subjects: Prehistory, Elemental composition, Geography, Mineralogy, Contextual information, Excavation, Context (language use), Raw material, Archaeology, Rock shelter
Abstract: Iron oxide pigments found in archaeological context constitute an important source of information for the understanding of cultural and subsistence activities of ancient human cultures. In order to complete archaeological contextual information, many analytical methods have been applied to characterise pigments and to provide further information on this material (e.g. supplies, selections, mechanical or physical transformations of raw material, use and application processes). Several studies have demonstrated that the elemental composition of iron oxide pigments can be used to discriminate between several geological provenances. In this study, non-destructive micro-particle induced Xray emission analysis was applied in order to distinguish different kinds of reddish pigments from the prehistoric site of Abri Pataud, more especially from the Layer 2 attributed to Final Gravettian period (22,000 BP). By using an external beam, this technique required no sampling, and enabled us to perform localised analyses directly on raw material, on ochre residues applied on artefacts or on fragments of the wall of this rock-shelter. The results obtained by this technique demonstrate that the pigments covering the decorated fragments of the rock-shelter wall, found during the excavation of the Layer 2, have elemental compositions similar to the composition of a raw pigment found in the same layer. These results suggest that the shelter was decorated during the Final Gravettian period and thus provide new insights for the understanding of the archaeological context of this occupation layer.
Published: 2014

46. Non-Destructive Portable Analytical Techniques for Carbon In-Situ Screening Before Sampling for Dating Prehistoric Rock Paintings

Author: Elsa Lambert, Patrick Paillet, Frédéric Plassard, Florian Téreygeol, Ina Reiche, Evelyne Kaltnecker, Michel Menu, Matthieu Lebon, Colette Vignaud, Hélène Valladas, Lucile Beck, Dominique Genty, Sophia Lahlil, Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Lab JANNUS, Service de recherches de métallurgie physique (SRMP), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Interdisciplinaire sur les Systèmes Moléculaires et les Matériaux (ex SCM) (SIS2M UMR 3299), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, X-ray fluorescence, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, law.invention, Prehistory, Cave, law, Non destructive, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Painting, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, Sampling (statistics), 06 humanities and the arts, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Archaeology, chemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, Geology
Abstract: Direct dating of prehistoric paintings is playing a major role in Paleolithic art studies. Very few figures can be directly dated since the necessary condition is that they contain organic carbon-based material. Thus, it is very important to check the presence of organic carbon-based material in situ before sampling in order to protect the visual integrity of the paintings or drawings. We have tested and compared 3 different portable analytical systems that can be used in cave environments for detecting carbon in prehistoric paintings: (1) a very compact X-ray fluorescence (XRF) system in Villars Cave (Dordogne, France); (2) a portable micro-Raman spectrometer in Rouffignac Cave (Dordogne, France); and (3) an infrared reflectography camera in both caves. These techniques have been chosen for their non-destructiveness: no sample has to be taken from the rock surface and no contact is made between the probes and the paintings or drawings. The analyses have shown that all the animal figures have been drawn with manganese oxides and cannot be directly dated by radiocarbon. However, carbon has been detected in several spots such as black dots and lines and torch marks. 14C results were obtained from 5 torch marks selected in Villars Cave, with ages between 17.1–18.0 ka cal BP. Three methods were used to identify carbon in black pigments or to confirm the presence of torch marks by carbon detection. Thanks to these new analytical developments, it will be now possible to select more accurately the samples to be taken for 14C dating prehistoric paintings and drawings.
Published: 2013

47. Can We Use Calcined Bones for Radiocarbon Dating the Paleolithic?

Author: Clothilde Comby, Roland Nespoulet, Matthieu Lebon, Antoine Zazzo, Ina Reiche, Laurent Chiotti, and Emmanuelle Delqué-Količ
Subjects: Archeology, Bone collagen, law, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Mineralogy, Calcination, Radiocarbon dating, Aurignacian, Apatite, Geology, law.invention
Abstract: This work aims to test the reliability of calcined bones for radiocarbon dating of the Paleolithic. Fifty-five calcined bone samples coming from Aurignacian and Gravettian layers at Abri Pataud (Dordogne, France) were selected based on their macroscopic features. For each sample, the heating state was estimated on the basis of bone crystallinity (splitting factor SF using FTIR) and δ 13C value. Twenty-seven bones samples (3 unburnt and 24 calcined) coming from 5 different levels were prepared for 14C dating. The majority (15/24) of the calcined samples had to undergo a sulfix treatment prior to graphitization, probably due to the presence of cyanamide ion in these samples. The comparison between our results and recently published dates on bone collagen for the same levels shows that unburned bone apatite is systematically too young, while a third of the calcined bones fall within or very near the range of expected age. No clear correlation was found between 14C age offset and δ 13C value or SF. Most of the sulfixed samples (14/16) yielded ages that were too young, while almost all of the non-sulfixed samples (8/9) gave ages similar or less than 0.2 pMC apart from the expected minimum age. Although preliminary, these results suggest that sulfix should be avoided if possible and that clean CO2 gas from well-calcined Paleolithic bones can provide reliable 14C ages. DOI: 10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16228
Published: 2013

48. Non-destructive provenance differentiation of prehistoric pigments by external PIXE

Author: Lucile Beck, Hélène Salomon, Yvan Coquinot, Laurent Pichon, Sophia Lahlil, Giliane P. Odin, Matthieu Lebon, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Provenance, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Population, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, Manganese, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), Prehistory, Petrography, Cave, 0601 history and archaeology, education, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, chemistry, Elemental analysis, Geology
Abstract: The elemental analysis of minerals/rocks has been often used for the determination of their geological origin. When these natural rocks were exploited by prehistoric civilizations as objects, weapons, or pigments, the composition of the minerals can provide information on the mobility, the exchanges and the interaction between groups of population. In this paper, we will present results obtained from archaeological samples of prehistoric pigments, mainly iron and manganese oxides. PIXE analysis has been applied to samples of the prehistoric cave “La grotte du Renne” in Arcy-sur-Cure, France (Chatelperronian, 38,000–34,000 BP). Because most of the archaeological objects are decorated or display some use marks, it is not possible to take samples. Consequently, we have used a non-destructive technique thanks to the external beam of AGLAE (C2RMF, Paris). In order to improve the limits of detection (LOD less than 10 ppm from Cu to Sb), a metal absorber has been placed on the X-ray detector to preferentially filter the Fe–K or Mn–K lines. Based on the quantitative analysis of major and trace elements, we have obtained groups of compositions corresponding to different geological sources. We demonstrate in this study that it is possible to extend PIXE analysis to the characterization of prehistoric pigments such as iron and manganese oxides for differentiating potential sources of pigments in archaeological contexts.
Published: 2012

49. Analyse in situ des dessins préhistoriques de la grotte de Rouffignac par fluorescence X et diffraction X portable

Author: Jacques Castaing, Frédéric Plassard, Lucile Beck, Adrian Duran, Hélène Rousselière, Matthieu Lebon, Sophia Lahlil, Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-ESPCI ParisTech-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-ESPCI ParisTech-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: art préhistorique, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, système portable, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, portable system, in situ, prehistoric rock art, X-ray fluorescence, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Rouffignac Cave, diffraction X (XRD), préhistoire, fluorescence X (XRF), 0601 history and archaeology, manganese oxide, oxyde de manganèse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: La Grotte de Rouffignac (Dordogne, France) est un site d'art paléolithique qui renferme de nombreux dessins réalisés au trait noir (mammouths, bisons, rhinocéros laineux, chevaux, bouquetins...). Bien qu'aucune datation directe n'ait été réalisée à ce jour, les œuvres graphiques de cette caverne sont en général rattachées au Magdalénien. The Cave of Rouffignac (Dordogne, France) is a Palaeolithic rock art site which contains numerous black drawings (mammoths, bisons, rhinoceros, horses, ibexes…). Although no direct dating was carried out until now, the artworks of this cave are generally connected with the Magdalenian Culture.
Published: 2012

50. Radiocarbon Dating of Calcined Bones: Insights from Combustion Experiments Under Natural Conditions

Author: Antoine Zazzo, Sébastien Lepetz, Jean-François Saliège, Matthieu Lebon, C Moreau, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, histoire des sociétés et des peuplements animaux (AHS), Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Archéozoologie et histoire des sociétés (AHS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), law.invention, Diagenesis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Isotopes of carbon, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Carbonate, Calcination, Radiocarbon dating, Charcoal, Carbon, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Radiocarbon dating of the carbonate remaining in calcined bones is widely regarded as a viable alternative to date skeletal remains in situations where collagen is no longer present. However, anomalously low δ13C values measured in calcined bones prompted questions about the origin of the carbon used for dating. The goal of this study was to quantify the magnitude of carbon isotope exchange between bone carbonate and environmental CO2 for bones calcined under natural conditions. Four archaeological bones ranging in age between the Neolithic and the Medieval period were combusted on a separate open fire for up to 4 hr and subsamples of calcined bones were taken every hour. All the bones experienced a significant increase in IRSF values and decrease in carbonate content and δ13C values. 14C ages measured in the carbonate fraction of well-calcined bones indicate that 67 ± 3% to 91 ± 8% of the carbon present in bone carbonate was replaced by carbon from the atmosphere of combustion. This finding confirms previous results obtained under laboratory conditions and has serious implications for 14C dating of calcined bones found in archaeological contexts. The 14C age obtained on a calcined bone will only reflect the true age of the bone sample if the age difference between the bone and the charcoal can be neglected. Our results show also that δ13C values of calcined bones can be used to estimate the degree of C exchange and control for post-burial diagenetic alteration.
Published: 2012

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

65 results on '"Matthieu Lebon"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources