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Introduction. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis are the most common pulmonary cystic diseases. Although they differ in pathogenesis, they share several features. The aim of this paper is to present the similarities and differences between these diseases, as well as to describe two cases from our practice. Outlines of cases. The patient with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (43 years old) had pulmonary changes detected during a regular examination within the underlying disease – tuberous sclerosis. Four years after starting therapy with everolimus, she was still respiratory asymptomatic, a slight radiological deterioration of cystic changes was registered, the diffusion capacity was declining (by 12%). The second patient (23 years old) was admitted due to bilateral radiological lung changes and symptoms in the form of dry cough, quick fatigue, and chest pain. Pathohistological examination of the transbronchial biopsy showed numerous large-core histiocytes, immunohistochemically positive for CD1a and S100, so it was concluded that it was Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Cessation of smoking was advised. The follow-up examinations showed withdrawal of symptoms and an orderly finding of lung function, chest high-resolution computed tomography indicated slight regression of changes. In the meantime, the patient gave birth to a healthy child, the pregnancy and prenatal period were uneventful. Conclusion. These diseases are extremely rare and in cooperation with other specialties should be distinguished from diseases that mimic lung cysts.

The paper analyses the conceptual mechanisms underlying the development of secondary emotional meanings of “non-emotional” verbs (in relation to their primary meaning). Being abstract, psychological entities, emotions are formalised and expressed by linguistic means using emotional lexis. Emotional verbs represent a type of this lexis: they denote emotions, emotional relationships and processes, emotional expression and an emotional situation as a whole. The research material consists of 92 verbs which are classified according to two criteria: a. the semantic role of the experiencer, i.e. whether the verbs denote experiencing or provoking an emotion (emotionally-active and emotionally-passive verbs) and b. the criterion of the primary emotion, i.e. whether the verbs belong to the emotional domain of joy, sorrow, fear or anger. The analysis showed that emotions are conceptualised by specific emotional metaphors, based on the pleasure: discomfort distinction. The primary metaphor MAN IS THE CONTAINER FOR EMOTIONS and the general metonymic rule PHYSIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF EMOTIONS ARE THE EMOTION ITSELF, represent general mechanisms for the conceptualisation of secondary emotional meanings of verbs. It has also been shown that a certain type of a verb’s primary meaning potentially develops a certain secondary emotional meaning; in other words, each primary emotion has an intrinsic source domain which concretises its abstract meanings.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology characterized by abnormal monoclonal proliferation of CD1a+/ CD207+ myeloid dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) in various organs, including bones, skin, lymph nodes, liver, lungs, central nervous system (CNS). Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) may occur as single-system disease or the lungs may be affected within a multisystemic disease. This paper presents cases of two patients with multisystemic LCH, with predominant lung involvement. In the first patient, the disease is in the terminal stage, with chronic respiratory failure requiring long-term oxygen therapy at home and development of severe pulmonary hypertension, so the lung transplantation may be considered as the only potentially effective therapeutic procedure at this moment. The second patient is in the initial stage of the disease, with satisfactory pulmonary function for now, so it could be considered to use some new targeted therapy to prevent the progression of the disease. Thus, it is essential to consistently apply, as soon as possible, all available pharmacological treatments, as well as adequate palliative and health care, to ensure a decent quality of life for these patients.

Through the teaching process, students of architecture have the opportunity to examine the problem of preserving the industrial heritage of Belgrade, its historical and urban context, the creation, development, cultural, urban and architectural values, as well as examining possibilities and comparing different approaches to its presentation and modern use. The goal was to devise sustainable solutions which will preserve the cultural and historical values, authenticity and integrity of the Pantelic Foundry complex on the one hand and, on the other hand, provide for its revitalization and quality integration into the immediate urban environment, which, despite the care and neglect preserved certain elements of a recognizable historical setting. Through their proposals, the students of Foundry 'Pantelić' have fulfilled numerous contemporary cultural, educational and artistic contents that are related to its character and significance, and provide it with an active life in the future. Through this study, a contribution was given to the research of the development of industrial architecture of Belgrade, but also the design of the possibility of revitalization and sustainable development.

To date, three types of dental stem cells have been isolated: Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC), Stem Cells From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) and Immature Dental Pulp Stem Cells (IDPC). These dental stem cells are considered as mesenchymal stem cells. They reside within the perivascular niche of dental pulp. They are highly proliferative, clonogenic, multipotent and are similar to mesenchymal Bone Marrow Stem Cells (BMSC). Also, they have high plasticity and can be easy isolated. The expressions of the alkaline phosphatase gene, dentin matrix protein 1 and dentinsialophosphoprotein are verified in these cells. Analyses of gene expression patterns indicated several genes which encode extracellular matrix components, cell adhesion molecules, growth factors and transcription regulators, cell signaling, cell communication or cell metabolism. In both conditions, in vivo and in vitro, these cells have the ability to differentiate into odontoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, neurons, melanocytes, smooth and skeletal muscles and endothelial cells. In vivo, after implantation, they have shown potential to differentiate into dentin but also into tissues like bone, adipose or neural tissue. In general, DPSCs are considered to have antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory abilities. After being grafted into allogenic tissues these cells are ableto induce immunological tolerance. Immunosuppressive effect is shown through the ability to inhibit proliferation of T lymphocytes. Dental pulp stem cells open new perspectives in therapeutic use not only in dentin regeneration, periodontal tissues and skeletoarticular, tissues of craniofacial region but also in treatment of neurotrauma, autoimmune diseases, myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy and connective tissue damages.

While the impact of air pollution on acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) has been widely studied, its effect on hospitalization outcomes remains less explored. This study examines the influence of short-term air pollution exposure on adverse hospitalization outcomes—mortality, mechanical ventilation use, and prolonged hospitalization—in patients with non-infectious severe AECOPD in Novi Sad, Serbia. Using a five-year time-series analysis, concentrations of selected air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2) and meteorological data were integrated with hospitalization outcomes. Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) revealed significant associations between rising air pollutant levels and some unfavorable outcomes. Exposure to rising PM2.5 (urban background) and SO2 (urban traffic) concentrations were linked to higher risks of mechanical ventilation (cumulative OR 21.95 (95% CI 1.07–449.45) and 11.37 (95% CI 1.25–103.27), respectively) and prolonged non-infectious AECOPD hospitalization (cumulative RR 2.27 (95% CI 1.14–4.52) and 2.24 (95% CI 1.38–3.64), respectively). No cumulative lag effects on mortality were observed, though specific patterns emerged in individual lag models. These findings highlight the critical role of improving air quality in reducing some COPD-related hospitalization risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Among infectious diseases, tuberculosis ranks first in terms of morbidity and mortality. It mainly affects the lungs, but it can affect any organ in the body. Case Report. A 29-year old female patient, bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinated, human immunodeficiency virus-negative, non-smoker, active athlete, presented with magnetic resonance imaging of the spine indicating vertebral body collapse of Th10 with signs of intraosseous infiltration, extraosseous prevertebral, and extracorporeal spread into the spinal canal. Corpectomy of Th10 and Th11 with an anterior fusion of Th9-12 was performed by neurosurgical intervention. Histopathological examination of the vertebral body confirmed a necrotic granulomatous inflammation. No acid-fast bacilli were seen by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture was positive. Chest X-ray and computed tomography were normal, induced sputum smear microscopy was negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The antituberculosis therapy lasted for 12 months. Conclusion. Spinal tuberculosis is a differential diagnostic problem in relation to pyogenic infections and metastatic bone tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Two-thirds of patients with congenital pulmonary airway malformation are asymptomatic at birth, but during life they may develop symptoms such as recurrent respiratory infections. The purpose of this paper is to present three cases of adult patients in whom congenital pulmonary airway malformation was diagnosed and treated at the Institute for Lung Diseases of Vojvodina, along with the clinical course of the disease and the therapeutic procedure. Case Report 1. A 24-year-old female with a medical history of asthma and recurrent signs of lower respiratory tract infections was referred to a thoracic surgeon. Computed tomography of the chest and clinical features were consistent with a congenital lung disease. A left lower video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy was performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed type II congenital pulmonary airway malformation with pulmonary sequestration. Case Report 2. A 41-year-old male with a history of left-sided spontaneous pneumothorax at the age of 16 was referred to a thoracic surgeon due to moderate hemoptysis, one month after hospital treatment of left-sided bronchopneumonia. On chest computed tomography, multiple cystic lesions were found in the left lower lung lobe. Thoracotomy and left lower lobectomy were performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed type I congenital pulmonary airway malformation. Case Report 3. The third patient was a 16-year-old male with a history of juvenile asthma and recurrent right-sided bronchopneumonia. Sings of necrotizing pneumonia, lung abscess, and mediastinal lymphadenomegaly were found in the affected lobe. Thoracotomy and right lower lobectomy were performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed type II congenital pulmonary airway malformation. Conclusion. In children and young adults with recurrent small airway inflammation, congenital lung malformation should be considered in the differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Seminomas are the most common testicular tumors. Initial therapy includes orchiectomy with resection of local lymph nodes, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Testicular tumors usually metastasize to retroperitoneal and mediastinal lymph nodes, lungs, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and adrenal glands. Bone metastases from testicular tumors are very rare, while seminoma metastasis to the bone marrow is a curiosity, without any references in the scientific literature. Case Report. A 66-year-old patient, previously treated for follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma, was admitted due to complaints of malaise, abdominal and back pain, and hepatosplenomegaly. After examination and radiologically verified enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes, the patient was referred to a hematologist. Based on the patient’s medical history, a relapse of lymphoma was suspected, and bone marrow biopsy was performed. The hematoxylin-eosin staining of the biopsy sample showed diffuse large cell infiltrates with bright cytoplasm, polygonal nuclei and prominent nucleoli. By immunohistochemical staining, the cells showed positivity for cluster of differentiation 10, cluster of differentiation 117, octamer binding transcription factor 3/4, placental alkaline phosphatase, and cytokeratin 8/18, after which the diagnosis of seminoma metastasis to the bone marrow was made. Shortly after the histopathological diagnosis was made, the patient died. Conclusion. A seminoma is a testicular tumor with a favorable prognosis. Due to suppression of hematopoiesis, bone marrow metastases generally lead to the worst prognosis. The outcome of our patient highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and therapy, which would increase the chances of survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Mandibular advancement devices are used in the treatment of mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. We have created different types of devices over the years and come up with a design of an acrylic two-part adjustable device as the best one so far. New design of the mandibular advancement device. A 36-year-old male patient has been referred for polysomnography to the Sleep Medicine Center of the Institute of Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina due to primary problems in the form of drowsiness during the day, reduced concentration and witnessed cessation of breathing during sleep. By evaluating respiratory parameters, the patient was diagnosed with mild obstructive sleep apnea with an Apnea-Hypopnea Index of 10.3. Hygienic-dietary regimen of life and the use of mandibular advancement device were prescribed to the patient. Control polysomnography was performed six months after the use of the mandibular advancement device. Evaluation of respiratory parameters has registered the apnea-hypopnea index of 6.2 with predominant hypopneas. The average oxygen blood saturation was 94.4%. Snoring was mild and rare. Patient did not have any long-term side effects of the device and he got used to it easily. Conclusion. Mandibular advancement device is an effective way to treat obstructive sleep apnea in clearly indicated cases. Dentists who indicate and make it must be well educated, informed and they must cooperate with the sleep medicine centers to monitor the effectiveness of the therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The saber-sheath trachea is characterized by widened anteroposterior and narrowed laterolateral tracheal diameter. It is usually found in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of this disorder, as well as to gain insight into the basic socio-demographic characteristics of patients and the clinical features of this tracheal deformity. Material and Methods. Endoscopic findings of patients undergoing bronchoscopy at the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina in the period January 1, 2013 – January 1, 2021 were analyzed. Individual socio-demographic data of patients with the diagnosis of saber-sheath trachea were collected and clinical parameters were analyzed. Results. The analysis of 15.381 bronchoscopic findings showed an incidence of 0.56%, most often in the elderly, predominantly in men, and those who were active or former smokers. The most common comorbidities were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. In all cases, this deformity was found as an incidental finding during bronchoscopy that was mostly done for the diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the bronchus. Accordingly, the most common pre-bronchoscopic symptoms were shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain. No significant narrowing of the tracheal lumen was found in any of the patients, nor did this anatomical variety of the trachea affect the length of survival. Conclusion. Although this is a rare disorder, its recognition can guide the clinician to apply additional procedures in order to establish a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but also significantly contribute to avoiding potential complications in need of endotracheal intubation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]