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Poniższy artykuł kontynuuje badania nad wczesną prozą Miodraga Bulatovicia. Jego przedmiotem jest utwór Vrana, w którym autor opisuje życie codzienne jednego z czarnogórskich plemion. Przedmiotem analizy w artykule są motywy zawarte w tej miniaturze, w tym: wędrówka, ziemia jałowa, ubóstwo, odrzucenie przez kolektyw, głód, szaleństwo i zbrodnia. Uwagę zwrócono także na symbole teriomorficzne, społeczną kategorię piętna, wybrane elementy kultury duchowej oraz krwawej zemsty rodowej jako elementu prawa zwyczajowego. W toku analizy wykorzystano aparat pojęciowy z zakresu psychopatologii, psychiatrii humanistycznej, demonologii, antropologii kulturowej, socjologii, teorii groteski oraz estetyki brzydoty.

Pełnoskalowa agresja zbrojna Federacji Rosyjskiej na Ukrainę przyspieszyła proces ideologizacji rosyjskiego systemu edukacji na wszystkich jego poziomach. Władze wprowadziły do szkół i uczelni wyższych szereg rozwiązań, mających na celu kształtowanie młodych ludzi w pożądanym przez Kreml duchu poprzez wpajanie im postaw światopoglądowych, zgodnych z linią polityczną reżimu putinowskiego na drodze propagandy i indoktrynacji. Jedną z kluczowych części składowych nowej polityki młodzieżowej jest militaryzacja rosyjskiego szkolnictwa i działalności dydaktyczno-wychowawczej przy zastosowaniu bogatego zestawu formalnych i nieformalnych instrumentów o zabarwieniu paramilitarnym lub otwarcie wojskowym. Za pomocą szerokiego wachlarza „zmilitaryzowanych” środków pedagogicznych władze chcą nie tylko zaszczepić w uczniach i studentach postawy „patriotyczne” i propaństwowe czy wpoić im kremlowskie narracje na temat historii i stosunków międzynarodowych oraz poparcie dla napastniczej wojny przeciw Ukrainie, ale także przekazać młodym ludziom umiejętności cenne z punktu widzenia obronności państwa oraz wykorzystać ją dla wsparcia rosyjskiego wysiłku wojennego. Autor dokonuje przeglądu tychże środków, starając się dokonać syntetycznej charakterystyki procesu militaryzacji systemu edukacji. W efekcie wyodrębnia poszczególne wymiary i poziomy procesu oraz określa jego uczestników.

The article concerns the role of Polish trade unions in creating a legal framework for the tech-based employment. The authors discuss the impact of the algorithmic management on the structure of the employment relationship and justify the need to protect workers. Social partners can play an important role in shaping this protection. The article discusses the legal instruments which can be used by trade unions. The text outlines the actual picture of collective relations in the technological area. The authors consider the reasons of the weakness of the social dialogue and analyze solutions which could contribute to improving the situation.

The invasion of Ukraine did not meet with massive opposition from the Russian public, which stayed chiefly passive. The article aims to determine the reaction of the young generation of Russians to the war, as well as to characterize the new approach of the authorities to the young people. The author analyzed surveys regarding the perception of the conflict in Ukraine, traced the course of anti-war protests in Russia, and defined the current policy of the Kremlin towards the youth. Young Russians, despite the features predisposing them to protest, distinguishing them from other age groups, adopted a similarly passive attitude as the rest of society. The Russian authorities have taken several measures aimed at minimizing the potential threats posed to them by the youth. The new, informal system, implemented in schools and universities, aims to neutralize the young citizen politically, subordinate him to the state, and instill the worldview desired by the Kremlin.

Abstract Geotechnical monitoring currently plays a key role in the research of the processes taking place in the ground medium and preventing hazardous events. In the case of open-pit mining, several solutions are commonly used to monitor various geotechnical parameters. However, geotechnical situation is usually assessed based on recorded values of deep and surface displacement, which allow to accurately predict landslides. The measurements are most often carried out manually, which, due to the difficult terrain conditions in the case of open-pit mining, are often timeconsuming and complicated, especially taking into account dangerous landslide movements. Therefore, in order to ensure a higher degree of safety against the risk of landslides, modern solutions are required in the field of geotechnical monitoring. This article presents modern automatic measurement techniques, compares various solutions available on the market and illustrates the benefits of their application in open-pit mining. It also discusses the expansion and modernization of the control and measurement network at KWB Turów, carried out in recent years, as well as the observational method for controlling the efficiency of stackers, developed after the installation of automated measuring stations, with its impact on the geotechnical safety of an internal waste heap. The paper as a case study presents, what a modern and effective geotechnical monitoring system should look like, which in practice will ensure continuous observation of selected parameters and enable a quick response in the event of a landslide threat. Last but not least, the author focuses on the creation of an innovative landslide early warning system, implemented at KWB Turów.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a relatively rare, but potentially lethal genetic disorder. That disease is characterized by hypermetabolic response of the skeletal muscles caused by exposure to triggering agents e.g. volatile anesthetics or depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. The object of this article was to review and assess the most recent published works about the epidemiology, etiology, pathomechanism, therapy of the MH and the new advances in all these fields. Authors scrutinized PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords: malignant hyperthermia, volatile anesthetics, ryanodine receptor mutation. In addition to this, the references of chosen articles were manually scoured for supplementary applicable articles. The literature was selected on the basis of a general medicine readership and prioritized clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews and case reports. The references include the latest reports on malignant hyperthermia, apart from works of historical importance. Available treatment methods consist mainly of pharmacotherapy, symptomatic treatment and monitoring of vital parameters. Dantrolene is a first-choice drug in initial treatment of MH and is considered the only specific antidote. In spite of the constant advances in the areas of medicine there is still much to be discovered about MH. Further studies are necessary, as the amount of credible evidence is not adequate.

Introduction: In recent years, more and more people have become infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Of great importance in the course of HIV infection are symptoms and diseases, which often occurs in the oral cavity with a corresponding decrease in lymphocytes. Aim: The aim of the study was the study was to present the most common oral diseases in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus like hairy leukoplakia, Candidas, angular cheilitis, Linear Gingival Erythema, Herpesviridae virus infections, ulcerative lesions or xerostomia. Description: Clinicians should pay attention to oral manifestation of HIV infections because it may speed up the diagnostics process and may allow better control of the course of the infection. Hairy leukoplakia related to EBV is a marker of HIV on the side border of the tongue and appears as a hyperkeratotic stripes. Candidiasis may occur in many forms as acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, acute erythematous candidiasis, hyperplastic candidiasis or Median Rhomboid Glossitis. The most common fungus is Candida albicans but there may also be Candida krusei, Candida glabrata or Candida tropicalis. Another disease is Angular Cheilitis which is an inflammatory process localized in the commissure of the labia and can be caused by vitamin B deficiency, Candida, Staphylococcus or Streptococcus infection. Linear Gingival Erythema is a red linear lesion on the gingival margin infiltrated by polynuclear leukocytes and plasma cells. Patients with HIV also present Herpesviridae infections symptoms, ulcerations. Summary: This review shows that HIV/AIDS patients should be monitored for oral manifestation of the HIV infection and weakened immune system. Diseases described in this study are reliable markers of the HIV infection and clinicians should pay attention to them to monitor the course of primary infection.

Frey syndrome is a condition of gustatory sweating and hyperemia related to damage of the auriculotemporal nerve. It affects around 80% of patients after parotidectomy. Syndrome may be easily diagnosed with an iodine-starch test, even in patients without symptoms, which are about 20% depending on studies. Authors searched PubMed and Google Scholar using searchterms Frey syndrome, auriculotemporal nerve, greater auricular nerve, tympanic nerve, parotidectomy. We manually searched the references of selected articles for additional relevant articles. We selected articles relevant to a general medicine readership and prioritized systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines and cases. The literature contains the latest reports on Frey syndrome. Symptoms of Frey syndrome are: redding of the skin due to vasodilatation, excessive sweating or tingling and burning sensation of the cheek skin. Clinicians should pay attention to frey syndrome in patients after parotid gland surgery. Treatment includes botulinum toxin type A most commonly, topical injection of alcohol, scopolamine, glycopyrrolate and less common surgical treatment including transection of auriculotemporal nerve. Frey syndrome is not such a rare disease and should be always considered by clinicians because it may worsen the quality of patients' life.

It seems to be a truism to say that we should pay more and more attention to network traffic safety. Such a goal may be achieved with many different approaches. In this paper, we put our attention on the increase in network traffic safety based on the continuous monitoring of network traffic statistics and detecting possible anomalies in the network traffic description. The developed solution, called the anomaly detection module, is mostly dedicated to public institutions as the additional component of the network security services. Despite the use of well-known anomaly detection methods, the novelty of the module is based on providing an exhaustive strategy of selecting the best combination of models as well as tuning the models in a much faster offline mode. It is worth emphasizing that combined models were able to achieve 100% balanced accuracy level of specific attack detection.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is primary neoplasm of the liver, which usually accompanies cirrhosis of this organ. This malignancy neoplasms commonly occurs all around the world. The frequency of morbidity on this disease is correlated with frequency of HBV and HCV infections in the population. That is caused due to the pathogenic effects of these viruses, among others on liver cells, affecting carcinogenesis. Appropriate and early treatment of infection reduces the chance of developing cancer. In our article we present the case, 63-years-old male, with primary hepatocellular carcinoma correlated with hepatitis B virus infection. Unfortunately, the neoplasm was diagnosed too late, and despite the comprehensive treatment introduced, the patient died.

Despite the progress that has been made in the field of medicine, severe hypoxic respiratory failure due to pneumonia has significant mortality. The etiology of pneumonia can be very different but possible complications include sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), resulting in patient’s increased risk of death. Severe respiratory failure in the course of ARDS, which does not respond to conventional therapy, is an indication for the implementation of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (VV ECMO). However, even with the use of targeted antibiotic therapy and advanced methods of extracorporeal life support, successful outcomes are not achieved. The location of the site of infection and the administration of targeted antibiotic therapy seem obvious to the patient's prognosis. Antimicrobial therapy can only succeed if a few basic conditions are met. First of all, the right antibiotic should be used, given in the effective dose and as soon as possible after the onset of septic symptoms. In addition, the possibility of penetration of the active substance to the place affected by the inflammatory process also determines the probability of success of the therapy. This article presents a case report of Klebsiella pneumonia in a 38-year-old man and briefly discusses the challenges of modern medicine. In this case, the treatment was not successful, despite the known ethology, use of the targeted antibiotic therapy and advanced methods of extracorporeal life support. Further researches are needed to help improve treatment outcomes in this group, critically ill patients.

The oral cavity is has been resided by thousands of species of microorganisms, which remaining in different relationships. Disturbing the balance between microorganisms and host immunity can lead to the development of many serious local conditions, as well as changes in the organs placed away from the head and neck region. This article describes serious complications of local oral cavity infections like - exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary, brain abscesses, infective endocarditis, diabetes mellitus, and even sepsis. The article also shows the potential connections between periodontal tissue inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders or cancer placed in distant organs. During treatment of periodontal patients, the physician should remember about the influence and risk of bacterial oral diseases.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative ailment, caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the specific area of a brain. Motor disability which is a symptom of PD, make maintaining the proper hygiene in the mouth difficult. Despite motor disorders, also cognitive dysfunctions can have a negative impact on the oral health of the patient, due to the lack of interest in the condition of the patient's oral cavity. Non-motor symptoms and even those associated with the oral cavity may be an indication for proper and early diagnosis of the patient. Disorders which occurs in the oral cavity during the sickness, are often neglected by patients and their caregivers. The role of the dentist in this situation is to make patients and their environment aware of the importance of the oral cavity - especially, due to the fact that newest studies suggest the association between ongoing systemic inflammation in the body, including periodontitis, and the development and progression of Parkinson's disease.

Hepatitis C is a disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV), which prevalence may reach over 5% in some countries. Untreated infection may lead to death due to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Almost 80% of infected patients occurs as asymptomatic. Symptoms of hepatitis C may include jaundice, nausea, vomiting, fever or muscle and joint pains. Even half of the patients experience nervous system disorders, due to the affinity of some types of HCV to nerve cells. It is also estimated that up to 30% of patients with chronic hepatitis C will develop cirrhosis within 25-30 years. Currently, the vast majority of infected patients can be cured thanks to the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).

Actinomycosis is neglected, an uncommon disease caused by bacteria. The greatest difficulty in correct and early diagnostics of actinomycosis is the fact that it often mimics other conditions. The difficulties in diagnostic of actinomycosis result in misdiagnosis, lengthening the patient's treatment time, unnecessary surgical treatment and sometimes dangerous complications. Aim of the article: The aim of the article is to familiarize readers with the rarest conditions that have been mistaken for actinomycosis.

Background: In recent years, an increase in the frequency of hospitalizations of patients taking newer and newer psychoactive substances has been observed around the world. Each year, authors publish case reports of patients who consumed previously unknown NPS. Most publications of this type concern the period between 2014 and 2016. However, no publication systematically reviews the pharmacotherapy used in these cases. This study aims to review the case reports of patients taking NPS published between 2010 and 2019, as well as analyzing the pharmacotherapy used.Methods: We searched the Thomson (Web of Knowledge), PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The search was performed using all possible combinations of the term “case report” describing the use of NPS, also referred to as designer medications, internet medications, research chemicals and herbal highs.Results: We analyzed 51 case reports on the intake of various types of NPS. Most of them (p < 0.001) concerned the use of synthetic cannabinoids (41.2%) and cathinones (31.4%). The pharmacotherapy applied primarily (p < 0.001) consisted of administering benzodiazepines to patients (62.7%), most of whom took only this group of medications (25.5%), followed by groups receiving benzodiazepines combined with neuroleptics (15.7%) and muscle relaxants (11.8%). Opioids were administered primarily to patients taking synthetic opioids (p < 0.001). Of the 5 cases of deaths from NPS reported in the literature, three relate specifically to the synthetic opioid MT-45. The later the time period, the more medications patients were administered (p = 0.02).Conclusion: In the pharmacotherapy for NPS poisoning, one should focus primarily on combating psychomotor agitation.

Underground and opencast mining adversely affects the surrounding environment. This process may continue even decades after the end of actual mineral extraction. One of the most significant effects of ceased mining are secondary deformations. Safe, new development of post-mining areas requires reliable information on potential deformation risk zones, which may be difficult to obtain due to a lack of necessary data. This study aimed to investigate and understand the secondary deformation processes in the underground mining area of the former “Babina” lignite mine, located in the unique glaciotectonic environment of the Muskau Arch, in western Poland. A combination of GIS-based historical mapping, geophysical 2D/3D microgravimetry, and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) measurements allowed the identification of subsidence-prone areas and the determination of potential factors of sinkhole development. The latter are associated with anthropogenic transformation of rock mass and hydrogeological conditions, by shallow underground mining. The results confirmed that multi-level mining of coal deposits in complex and complicated glaciotectonic conditions cause discontinuous deformations, and may be hazardous as long as 50 years after the end of mining operations.

To quantify heterogeneous tissue at the periphery of areas of fibrosis (gray zone) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with the use of two different techniques. Cardiac magnetic resonance with late gadolinium enhancement analysis was performed in 33 patients with HCM. Gray zone was evaluated with the use of two different techniques previously described in patients after myocardial infarction. LGE was present in 25 (78%) patients. There was no significant difference in total LGE mass at two different cut-off values [53.8 g (interquartile range, IQR 43.5-77.8 g) vs. 53.8 g (IQR 37.8-64.5 g), respectively, P = 0.49]. Significant difference in gray zone mass assessed with the use of two techniques was demonstrated (19.1 +/- 7.3 g vs. 50.8 +/- 47.8 g; P = 0.003). There was a strong correlation between total LGE and gray zone mass (r = 0.789, P = 0.0001 for first method and r = 0.951, P < 0.0001 for the second one, respectively). However, significant variability of gray zone mass (and extent expressed as % of left ventricular mass) in patients with similar LGE size/extent was observed. Moreover, LGE mass varied greatly in patients with similar gray zone size. Neither left ventricular mass, nor with maximal wall thickness correlated with extent of gray zone assessed with both methods. The studied techniques provided similar results with regard to total LGE but significant differences were observed in gray zone mass. Two patients may have similar extent (or absolute mass) of LGE, but strikingly discrepant gray zone size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listeria monocytogenes are the etiological factor of listeriosis, and their main source for humans is food. The aim of the current study was to assess the contamination of various types of meat and the drug susceptibility of isolated L. monocytogenes. Between 2016–2018, 6000 swabs were taken (2000 annually) from the surface of pork, beef, and poultry. The analysis of intermediate and finished product samples was carried out in accordance with ISO 11290-1 (International Organization for Standardization). The genetic similarity assessment of the isolates obtained was based on the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) method, and drug-sensitivity assessment using the disc-diffusion method. We found 2.1% of collected samples were L. monocytogenes positive. The level of meat contamination varied depending on its matrix. Most L. monocytogenes were isolated from poultry. It was shown that 39 (32.5%) strains were sensitive to all tested antibiotics and eight (6.7%) were resistant to all five tested antimicrobials. Most strains tested were resistant to cotrimoxazole (55; 45.8%) and meropenem (52; 43.3%), followed by erythromycin (48; 40.0%), penicillin (31; 25.8%), and ampicillin (21; 17.5%). High prevalence of this pathogen may be a serious problem, especially when linked with antibiotic resistance and high percentage of serotypes responsible for listeriosis outbreaks.

An der schönen blauen Donau… Depictions of the Novi Sad massacre in contemporary Serbian literature The tragic events in Novi Sad in January 1942 constitute an important subject in the prose of Aleksandar Tišma (Knjiga o Blamu [The Book of Blam]), Erih Koš (Novosadski pokolj [Novi Sad Massacre]), and Danilo Kiš (Psalm 44 and Peščanik [Hourglass]). Jewish-Serbian writers were not left disinterested by the fact of the Shoah of fellow Jews or by the violent deaths of their Slavic neighbours. The above-mentioned, formally very diverse works belong to the corpus of Serbian novels about the Holocaust, which are a testament to the crime and which render individual deaths meaningful. Novels about the Novi Sad massacre reveal the psychological motivation of the instigators and direct perpetrators of the crime, shed light upon the logistics and the mechanics of death, and constitute a record of the victims’ reactions in the situation of a direct threat to their lives, and also the world of mental nightmares tormenting the survivors. Finally, and most importantly, they are an artistic tribute to all the identified and anonymous victims of the Hungarian repressive and exterminatory operation. The above-outlined issues were examined using the notions and research tools of psychopathology, individual psychology, humanistic psychiatry, thanatology, suicidology, victimology, and cultural anthropology. An der schönen blauen Donau… Obraz rzezi nowosadzkiej we współczesnej literaturze serbskiej Tragiczne wydarzenia nowosadzkie ze stycznia 1942 roku stanowią ważny temat utworów prozatorskich Aleksandra Tišmy (Księga Blama), Ericha Koša (Rzeź nowosadzka) oraz Danila Kiša (Psalm 44, Klepsydra). Pisarze serbscy narodowości żydowskiej nie pozostali obojętni wobec faktu zagłady swych współplemieńców oraz śmierci ich słowiańskich sąsiadów. Wspomniane utwory współtworzą korpus serbskich powieści o tematyce holocaustowej, które zaświadczają o zbrodni i nadają sens jednostkowej śmierci. Powieści o masakrze nowosadzkiej ujawniają motywację psychologiczną zleceniodawców i bezpośrednich wykonawców zbrodni, ukazują logistykę oraz sposoby zadawania śmierci, stanowią zapis reakcji skazańców w sytuacji bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia oraz świat koszmarów psychicznych osób ocalałych. Ponadto, co niezwykle istotne, są artystycznym hołdem złożonym zidentyfikowanym oraz anonimowym ofiarom węgierskiej akcji represyjno-likwidacyjnej. Do zbadania zasygnalizowanych powyżej zagadnień wykorzystano w niniejszym artykule pojęcia i narzędzia badawcze z zakresu psychopatologii, psychologii indywidualnej, psychiatrii humanistycznej, tanatologii, suicydologii, wiktymologii oraz antropologii kulturowej.

Aim: There is no consensus regarding the technique of quantification of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). The aim of the study was to compare different methods of LGE quantification in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)., Methods: Cardiac magnetic resonance was performed in 33 patients with HCM. First, LGE was quantified by visual assessment by the team of experienced readers and compared with different thresholding techniques: from 1SD to 6SD above mean signal intensity (SI) of remote myocardium, above 50% of maximal SI of the enhanced area (full-width at half maximum, FWHM) and above peak SI of remote myocardium., Results: LGE was present in 25 (78%) of patients. The median mass of LGE varied greatly depending on the quantification method used and was highest with the utilization of 1SD threshold [75.5 g, interquartile range (IQR): 63.3-112.3g] and lowest for FWHM method (8.4 g, IQR: 4.3-13.3g). There was no difference in mass of LGE as assessed with 6SD threshold and FWHM when compared to visual assessment (p=0.19 and p=0.1, respectively); all other thresholding techniques provided significant differences in the median LGE size when compared to visual analysis. Results for all thresholds, except FWHM were significantly correlated with visual assessment with the strongest correlation for 6SD (rho=0.956, p<0.0001)., Conclusions: LGE quantification with the use of a threshold of 6SD above the mean SI of the remote myocardium provided the best agreement with visual assessment in patients with HCM., (Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)