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Both the speed and accuracy of responding are important measures of performance. A well-known interpretive difficulty is that participants may differ in their strategy, trading speed for accuracy, with no change in underlying competence. Another difficulty arises when participants respond slowly and inaccurately (rather than quickly but inaccurately), e.g., due to a lapse of attention. We introduce an approach that combines response time and accuracy information and addresses both situations. The modeling framework assumes two latent competing processes. The first, the error-free process, always produces correct responses. The second, the guessing process, results in all observed errors and some of the correct responses (but does so via non-specific processes, e.g., guessing in compliance with instructions to respond on each trial). Inferential summaries of the speed of the error-free process provide a principled assessment of cognitive performance reducing the influences of both fast and slow guesses. Likelihood analysis is discussed for the basic model and extensions. The approach is applied to a data set on response times in a working memory test.

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This research was conducted from august 2008 to August 2011 in five municipalities of the Central Depression of Chiapas State of Mexico. Sampling was carried out on 15 living fences transects of 100 m length, and on the Jatropha Germplasm Bank arboretum of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of the Chiapas Autonomous University at Villaflores, Chiapas. Specimens were collected on leaves, flowers and fruits of physic nut, with an aerial entomological net, but some were collected by hand as stem borers. Specimens were deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (CACH). Overall reviewed individuals were 141, distributed in three subfamilies, 15 tribes, 23 genera and 27 species. More abundantly species were Odontocera aurocincta aurocincta Bates, Essostrutha laeta Newman, Lagocheirus undatus Voet, Trachyderes mandibularis mandibularis Serville y Stenosphenus trispinosus Bates with 72, 13, 7, 5 and 4 individuals, respectively. Lagocheirus undatus Voet is the only species that has been reported previously in Jatropha curcas L. Of the 27 species reported in this paper, five are new records for Chiapas state, among which are: Bromiades brachyptera Chevrolat (Cerambycinae: Rhinotragini), Hippopsis lemniscata Fabricius (Lamiinae: Agapanthini), Psapharochrus circumflexus J. du Val in Sagra (Lamiinae: Acanthoderini) and Strangalia biannulata Linsley (Lepturinae: Lepturini). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chaos synchronization in coupled systems is often characterized by a map phi between the states of the components. In noninvertible systems, or in systems without inherent symmetries, the synchronization set--by which we mean graph(phi)--can be extremely complicated. We identify, describe, and give examples of several different complications that can arise, and we link each to inherent properties of the underlying dynamics. In brief, synchronization sets can in general become nondifferentiable, and in the more severe case of noninvertible dynamics, they might even be multivalued. We suggest two different ways to quantify these features, and we discuss possible failures in detecting chaos synchrony using standard continuity-based methods when these features are present.