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La presente investigación en curso, busca identificar los principios básicos en los que se fundamenta el desarrollo urbano en su proyección a Smart City, a partir de una revisión de literatura y planes de desarrollo, para el establecimiento de los aspectos, que aportan a un modelo de territorio inteligente en Bucaramanga, desde el análisis bibliométrico y la visión del sector público frente al cumplimiento de planes de desarrollo, teniendo en cuenta, lo económico, lo social y lo sustentable, de forma que se llegue a la transformación de Bucaramanga en Smart City a partir del panorama real de competitividad del municipio.

La presente investigación, es de tipo exploratoria cualitativa y su objetivo es establecer cambios en el comportamiento de consumo en habitantes de Bucaramanga y su Área Metropolitana (AMB), durante la pandemia. Esta investigación se desarrolla a partir del establecimiento del panorama parcial de la investigación para “Comportamiento de consumo” con Scopus, desde el inicio de la propagación del virus (2020) hasta abril del año 2021; indicado las tendencias y cambios para la temática de estudio, desde la literatura en este periodo y su correlación con información primaria tomada desde la población económicamente activa de Bucaramanga y su AMB. Como principales hallazgos se tiene un incremento en el consumo de productos de la canasta familiar en un 45%, productos de aseo y limpieza (53%), una disminución en el consumo de licores en un 51%, productos para mascotas (34%), calzado y textiles (54%), electrodomésticos (37%) y cosméticos (50%). Los servicios turísticos y de entretenimiento presentan el mayor detrimento con una disminución del 77% y un 78% respectivamente. Concluyendo que en el territorio un 66% de los consumidores ha cambiado la forma de adquirir sus productos a raíz de la pandemia, de forma similar a la registrada en la literatura.

Background: Dietary treatment of maple syrup urine disease remains difficult; chronic nutritional support in the child does not always avoid acute crises so that liver transplantation may represent an alternate choice in some cases., Case Reports: Two gypsy cousins were born by an interval of 4 days; both had maple syrup urine disease and were similarly treated from the first days of life. They were given exchange transfusions followed by diet restricted in the branched chain amino acids, maintaining normal growth and plasma leucine concentrations under 7 mg/100 ml. Laura, at 10 years, was retarded at school. Compliance to school attendance was limited by her diet problems. Helen suffered at 7 yr 3 mo from liver failure due to hepatitis A virus infection which required liver transplantation. Protein intake was normal 1 week later. At 10 years, she presented with the same degree of school retardation as her cousin, and was placed in the same class., Conclusion: Liver transplantation may be effective for treating metabolic problems in MSVD without significative difference between outcome post classic treatment or post liver transplantation.

Hyperoxaluria type I (HPI) is a metabolic disorder secondary to liver alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase deficiency. Renal failure occurs due to the excessive production and precipitation of oxalate in the kidney. Combined liver-renal transplantation is the correct treatment for this condition when end-stage renal failure occurs as with renal transplantation alone the risk of recurrence of the same pathology in the transplanted kidney would be high. We report the case of a 4 year-old child with HPI suffering from terminal renal failure in whom a hepato-renal transplantation was performed: six months later, creatinine clearance was 62 ml/min/1.73 m2 and liver function tests were normal.

A case of esophageal achalasia is reported in a 12 year-old child. Nasal hypoplasia (Binder syndrome) and dysautonomia were associated. This may be explained by the common embryologic origin (neural crests) of nasal bud, autonomic nervous system and digestive intramural neurons. Such a neurocristopathy suggests exploration of the autonomic nervous system in cases of esophageal achalasia.