25 results on '"Nyshadham S"'
Search Results
2. Pancreatitis: Clinical Aspects of Inflammatory Phenotypes
- Author
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Chaitanya, Nyshadham S. N., BM Reddy, Aramati, Nagaraju, Ganji Purnachandra, editor, and BM Reddy, Aramati, editor
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- 2019
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3. Pleiotropic roles of evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in toll pathway (ECSIT) in pathophysiology
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Nyshadham S. N. Chaitanya, Prasad Tammineni, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, and Aramati BM Reddy
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Electron Transport Complex I ,Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Cell Biology ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Mitochondria ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in toll pathway (ECSIT) is a cytosolic adaptor protein associated with the toll-like receptor pathway. It has a distinct N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence, pentatricopeptide repeat motif, and a C-terminal pleckstrin homology domain. ECSIT regulates many biological processes like embryonic development, inflammation, cardiac function, and assembly of mitochondrial complex I. Besides, ECSIT also interacts with multiple signaling intermediates like tumor necrosis receptor associated factor 6 and retinoic acid inducible gene 1 as well as regulates various pathways in the microcellular environment. However, molecular details of ECSIT functions in pathophysiology remain elusive. This review summarizes the diverse functions of ECSIT and its involvement in pathophysiological conditions such as Alzheimer's, oxidative stress, and infection.
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- 2022
4. Targeted and Enhanced Antimicrobial Inhibition of Mesoporous ZnO–Ag2O/Ag, ZnO–CuO, and ZnO–SnO2 Composite Nanoparticles
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Pradip Paik, Ragini Tilak, Prem Shankar Gupta, Kirti Wasnik, Somedutta Maity, Monica Pandey, Shubhra Gupta, Aramati B. M. Reddy, Divya Pareek, Monika Singh, Nyshadham S N Chaitanya, and Sukanya Patra
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,Composite nanoparticles ,Mesoporous material ,Antimicrobial ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2021
5. Pleiotropic roles of evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in toll pathway (ECSIT) in pathophysiology
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Chaitanya, Nyshadham S. N., primary, Tammineni, Prasad, additional, Nagaraju, Ganji Purnachandra, additional, and Reddy, Aramati BM, additional
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
6. Designing of peptide aptamer targeting the receptor-binding domain of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2: an in silico study
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Arpita Devi and Nyshadham S N Chaitanya
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Scaffold protein ,Peptide aptamer ,medicine.drug_class ,Aptamer ,In silico ,Peptide ,Spike protein ,010402 general chemistry ,Monoclonal antibody ,Antiviral Agents ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Molecular dynamic simulation ,SARS-CoV-2 ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Protein tertiary structure ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ,Molecular docking ,Biophysics ,Original Article ,Target protein ,Thioredoxin ,Peptides ,Aptamers, Peptide ,Protein Binding ,Information Systems - Abstract
Short synthetic peptide molecules which bind to a specific target protein with a high affinity to exert its function are known as peptide aptamers. The high specificity of aptamers with small-molecule targets (metal ions, dyes and theophylline; ATP) is within 1 pM and 1 μM range, whereas with the proteins (thrombin, CD4 and antibodies) it is in the nanomolar range (which is equivalent to monoclonal antibodies). The recently identified coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) genome encodes for various proteins, such as envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid, and spike protein. Among these, the protein necessary for the virus to enter inside the host cell is spike protein. The work focuses on designing peptide aptamer targeting the spike receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. The peptide aptamer has been designed by using bacterial Thioredoxin A as the scaffold protein and an 18-residue-long peptide. The tertiary structure of the peptide aptamer is modeled and docked to spike receptor-binding domain of SARS CoV2. Molecular dynamic simulation has been done to check the stability of the aptamer and receptor-binding domain complex. It was observed that the aptamer binds to spike receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in a similar pattern as that of ACE2. The aptamer–receptor-binding domain complex was found to be stable in a 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation. The aptamer is also predicted to be non-antigenic, non-allergenic, non-hemolytic, non-inflammatory, water-soluble with high affinity toward ACE2 than serum albumin. Thus, peptide aptamer can be a novel approach for the therapeutic treatment for SARS-CoV-2. Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021
7. Mineral Deficiencies: A Root Cause for Reduced Longevity in Mammals
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Nyshadham S N Chaitanya and Sibani Sahu
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0301 basic medicine ,Reduced longevity ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Agronomy ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL ,Biology ,Root cause ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Metals, inorganic compounds and their elements that act as cofactors for enzymes that play an essential role in various biological processes constitute mineral nutrients. Their primary source is soil and enters the climax consumers in food chain through plants as they contain most minerals that are essential for humans. They are required in small and precise amounts according to their requirement they were classified as Major (phosphorous (P), potassium (K)), Secondary (calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S)), Minor/trace/rare (Boron (B), chlorine (Cl), chromium (Cr), fluoride(F), iodine (I), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), sodium (Na), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn)). The daily requirement of minerals for individuals for effective biological function inside the cell is known as recommended dietary allowance (RDA) that varies for element. The daily requirement of major element is up to 10 g/d, whereas secondary and micro minerals was 400 - 1500 mg/d and 45 μg/d - 11 mg/d, respectively. Meats, vegetables, fruits, grains contains high amount of minerals that protect humans from mineral deficiencies. Some of the mineral deficiencies include ageing, cancer, hair loss etc. The key for these root problems include supplementation of healthy foods rich in minerals and understanding the importance of food by nutrition education, practice of physical activity, and about food habits. A detailed understanding of each mineral and their biological importance through mechanism of action studied in detail to overcome their deficiencies.
- Published
- 2021
8. Parental Policy in OMS Residency Programs is Necessary but Unavailable: Cross-sectional Survey of OMS Resident Attitudes toward Parental Leave
- Author
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Diaz, D., primary, Freburg-Hoffmeister, D.L., additional, Abramowicz, S., additional, Austin, T.M., additional, and Nyshadham, S., additional
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- 2021
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9. Phytotherapy for breast cancer
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V.K.D. Krishna Swamy, Pavan Kumar Kancharla, Nyshadham S N Chaitanya, and Phaniendra Alugoju
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Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Bioinformatics ,law.invention ,Radiation therapy ,Breast cancer ,law ,medicine ,business ,Phytotherapy ,Beneficial effects ,Therapeutic strategy - Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in humans worldwide and is the most common type of cancer in women. Several factors are responsible for the development of breast cancer in women. Disturbances in various molecular pathways and the concomitant altered expression of several molecular markers have been well reported. Despite the potent beneficial effects of various therapeutic strategies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the associated detrimental side effects of these strategies has spurred the scientific community to search for alternatives. Phytotherapy is one such potential therapeutic strategy involving the usage of traditional medicinal plants to target various molecular markers altered during cancer and thereby to protect from cancer without inducing side effects. In this chapter we explain the possible beneficial effects of a few traditional Indian medical plants against breast cancer.
- Published
- 2021
10. Targeting SARS CoV2 (Indian isolate) genome with miRNA: An in silico study
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Nyshadham S N Chaitanya and Arpita Devi
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0301 basic medicine ,government.form_of_government ,In silico ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Endoribonuclease ,India ,Computational biology ,Genome, Viral ,Biochemistry ,Genome ,Antiviral Agents ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Open Reading Frames ,Viral Proteins ,0302 clinical medicine ,microRNA ,Genetics ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Ribonuclease III ,Molecular Biology ,Antisense therapy ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,fungi ,COVID-19 ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,government ,biology.protein ,Dicer - Abstract
The newly identified SARS CoV2 has become a global pandemic since December 2019. Various researchers are trying to design a vaccine candidate against the virus. On the other hand, another group is focussing on repurposing approved or clinically tested drugs for treatment. However, there is always a search for alternative therapies. Thus, we propose an alternative approach apart from chemotherapy that is the usage of miRNA as novel antisense therapy to cure SARS CoV2 infected patients. To address the objective, miRNAs have been designed by targeting the genome of SARS CoV2 (Indian isolate). First, the open reading frames in the viral genome have been identified, and the proteins encoded by those open reading frames have been predicted. Using computational biology, several miRNAs have been designed and their probability to bind to a viral gene has been predicted. In addition, miRNA target mining in the host cell has been done to rule out the possibility of non-specific binding of the miRNAs. The miRNAs having the highest chances to bind to the viral genome have been converted into pre-miRNAs, and their interaction with dicer endoribonuclease has been studied by molecular docking. Results revealed that the pre-miRNAs interact with the RNAse III 2 domain of dicer. Thus, it is predicted that the pre-miRNAs after delivery to the infected host cell will be processed by dicer to generate mature miRNAs that will target the SARS CoV2 viral genome. Therefore, miRNA therapy can be an alternative approach for the treatment of SARS CoV2 infection.
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- 2020
11. Designing of peptide aptamer targeting the receptor-binding domain of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2: an in silico study
- Author
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Devi, Arpita, primary and Chaitanya, Nyshadham S. N., additional
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- 2021
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12. Targeting SARS CoV2 (Indian isolate) genome with miRNA : An in silico study
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Devi, Arpita, primary and Chaitanya, Nyshadham S. N., additional
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- 2020
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13. In silico designing of multi-epitope vaccine construct against human coronavirus infections
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Devi, Arpita, primary and Chaitanya, Nyshadham S. N., additional
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- 2020
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14. In silico designing of multi-epitope vaccine construct against human coronavirus infections.
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Devi, Arpita and Chaitanya, Nyshadham S. N.
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- 2021
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15. Pancreatitis: Clinical Aspects of Inflammatory Phenotypes
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Aramati Bm Reddy and Nyshadham S N Chaitanya
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Gallbladder ,Gallstones ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,Cystic fibrosis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Pancreatic cancer ,medicine ,Pancreatitis ,Acute pancreatitis ,business ,Pancreas - Abstract
Pancreatitis is a condition in which the pancreas becomes inflamed and gets damaged when the digestive enzymes are activated before they are released into the small intestine and attacks the pancreas. When these activated digestive enzymes are activated still in the pancreas, irritating the cells of our pancreas causes inflammation. These cause complications such as the formation of the pseudocyst, breathing problem, failure in the kidney, diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Two forms of pancreatitis include acute and chronic. Acute pancreatitis is a condition in which inflammation lasts for short time, while chronic pancreatitis is a condition in which inflammation lasts for a longer time. Gallstones and the gallbladder in the pancreas can be removed by surgical treatment. The probability of developing pancreatitis can be reduced by alcohol cessation and preventing gallstone complication. Risk factors include hereditary, hyperlipidaemia, smoking, cystic fibrosis and usage of certain medicines such as oestrogen and tetracycline. The tests to detect pancreatitis include enzymes of the pancreas, liver and kidney. Signs of infection include fever/fatigue, anaemia and decreased electrolyte and calcium level. In acute pancreatitis, the patient’s diet consists of bowel rest, and for chronic pancreatitis, it includes low-fat diet and high carbohydrates.
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- 2019
16. Molecular mechanisms of action of Trehalose in cancer: A comprehensive review
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Phaniendra Alugoju, Arpita Devi, Nyshadham S N Chaitanya, and Sibani Sahu
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0301 basic medicine ,Cellular homeostasis ,Apoptosis ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neoplasms ,Autophagy ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Protein kinase B ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Cell growth ,Trehalose ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Cell biology ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Cancer cell ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Cellular homeostasis maintained by several cellular processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, aging, and neurodegeneration, contribute to cell growth and development. Cancer cells undergo aberrant changes from a normal cell that show abnormal behaviour such as reduced apoptosis and autophagy, increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Various pharmacological and genetic inhibitors have been reported as drug candidates to control cancer cells, but the use of natural molecules as anti-cancer agents are limited. There is an emerging need for the development of alternative natural therapeutic agents that maintain cellular homeostasis without affecting cell viability and physiology. This review highlights the multifunctional roles of Trehalose, a natural disaccharide that can target various cellular processes in the cancer. Trehalose possessing an antioxidant activity also has effect on cancer, which is explained through targeting cell progression, angiogenesis and metastasis pathways at molecular level targeting EGFR, PI3K, Akt, VEGF and MMP 9 proteins inside the cell.
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- 2021
17. In silicodesigning of multi-epitope vaccine construct against human coronavirus infections
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Devi, Arpita and Chaitanya, Nyshadham S. N.
- Abstract
AbstractSingle stranded RNA viruses were known to cause variety of diseases since many years and are gaining much importance due to pandemic after the identification of a novel corona virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)). Seven coronaviruses (CoVs) are known to infect humans and they are OC43 CoV, NL63 CoV, HKU1 CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome, SARS CoV, and SARS CoV-2. Virus replication weakens the immune system of host thereby altering T-cell count and much of interferon response. Although no vaccine or therapeutic treatment has been approved till now for CoV infection, trials of vaccine against SARS CoV-2 are in progress. One of the epitopes used for vaccine production is of the spike protein on the surface of virus. The work focuses on designing of multi-epitope vaccine construct for treatment of seven human CoV infections using the epitopes present on the spike protein of human CoVs. To address this, immuno-informatics techniques have been employed to design multi-epitope vaccine construct. B- and T-cell epitopes of the spike proteins have been predicted and designed into a multi-epitope vaccine construct. The tertiary structure of the vaccine construct along with the adjuvant has been modelled and the physiochemical properties have been predicted. The multi-epitope vaccine construct has antigenic and non-allergenic property. After validation, refinement and disulphide engineering of the vaccine construct, molecular docking with toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been performed. Molecular dynamics simulation in aqueous environment predicted that the vaccine-TLRs complexes were stable. The vaccine construct is predicted to be able to trigger primary immune response in silico. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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- 2021
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18. Targeted and Enhanced Antimicrobial Inhibition of Mesoporous ZnO–Ag2O/Ag, ZnO–CuO, and ZnO–SnO2 Composite Nanoparticles
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Monica Pandey, Monika Singh, Kirti Wasnik, Shubhra Gupta, Sukanya Patra, Prem Shankar Gupta, Divya Pareek, Nyshadham Sai Naga Chaitanya, Somedutta Maity, Aramati B. M. Reddy, Ragini Tilak, and Pradip Paik
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2021
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19. Endothelial-adipocyte Cx43 Mediated Gap Junctions Can Regulate Adiposity.
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Luse MA, Dunaway LS, Nyshadham S, Carvalho A, Sedovy MW, Ruddiman CA, Tessema R, Hirschi K, Johnstone SR, and Isakson BE
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- Animals, Mice, Humans, Male, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Obesity metabolism, Obesity pathology, Obesity genetics, Cell Communication, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Lipid Metabolism, Phosphorylation, Coculture Techniques, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Gap Junctions metabolism, Connexin 43 metabolism, Connexin 43 genetics, Adipocytes metabolism, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Adiposity
- Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Adipose capillary adipose endothelial cells (CaECs) plays a crucial role in lipid transport and storage. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying CaEC-adipocyte interaction and its impact on metabolic function. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) revealed an enrichment of fatty acid handling machinery in CaECs from high fat diet (HFD) mice, suggesting their specialized role in lipid metabolism. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed direct heterocellular contact between CaECs and adipocytes. To model this, we created an in vitro co-culture transwell system to model the heterocellular contact observed with TEM. Contact between ECs and adipocytes in vitro led to upregulation of fatty acid binding protein 4 in response to lipid stimulation, hinting intercellular signaling may be important between ECs and adipocytes. We mined our and others scRNAseq datasets to examine which connexins may be present in adipose capillaries and adipocytes and consistently identified connexin 43 (Cx43) in mouse and humans. Genetic deletion of endothelial Cx43 resulted in increased epididymal fat pad (eWAT) adiposity and dyslipidemia in HFD mice. Consistent with this observation, phosphorylation of Cx43 at serine 368, which closes gap junctions, was increased in HFD mice and lipid-treated ECs. Mice resistant to this post-translational modification, Cx43S368A, were placed on an HFD and were found to have reduced eWAT adiposity and improved lipid profiles. These findings suggest Cx43-mediated heterocellular communication as a possible regulatory mechanism of adipose tissue function., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Physiological Society.)
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- 2024
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20. The hemodynamic response to nitrite is acute and dependent upon tissue perfusion.
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Dunaway LS, Saii K, LoBue A, Nyshadham S, Abib N, Heuser SK, Loeb SA, Simonsen U, Cortese-Krott MM, and Isakson BE
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- Animals, Mice, Hemodynamics drug effects, Sodium Nitrite pharmacology, Male, Blood Pressure drug effects, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nitrites pharmacology, Regional Blood Flow drug effects, Mice, Knockout, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III metabolism
- Abstract
In the vasculature, nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the endothelium by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and is critical for the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure. Blood flow may also be regulated by the formation of nitrite-derived NO catalyzed by hemoproteins under hypoxic conditions. We sought to investigate whether nitrite administration may affect tissue perfusion and systemic hemodynamics in WT and eNOS knockout mice. We found that global eNOS KO mice show decreased tissue perfusion compared to WT mice by using laser speckle contrast imaging. To study both the acute and long-term effects of sodium nitrite (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) on peripheral blood flow and systemic blood pressure, a bolus of nitrite was delivered intraperitoneally every 24 h over 4 consecutive days. We found that nitrite administration resulted in a dose-dependent and acute increase in peripheral blood flow in eNOS KO mice but had no effects in WT mice. The nitrite induced changes in tissue perfusion were transient, as determined by intraindividual comparisons of tissue perfusion 24-h after injection. Accordingly, 10 mg/kg sodium nitrite acutely decreased blood pressure in eNOS KO mice but not in WT mice as determined by invasive Millar catheterization. Interestingly, we found the vasodilatory effects of nitrite to be inversely correlated to baseline tissue perfusion. These results demonstrate the nitrite acutely recovers hypoperfusion and hypertension in global eNOS KO mice and suggest the vasodilatory actions of nitrite are dependent upon tissue hypoperfusion., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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21. Obesogenic diet disrupts tissue-specific mitochondrial gene signatures in the artery and capillary endothelium.
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Dunaway LS, Luse MA, Nyshadham S, Bulut G, Alencar GF, Chavkin NW, Cortese-Krott M, Hirschi KK, and Isakson BE
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- Humans, Mice, Animals, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors metabolism, Arteries, Obesity metabolism, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Genes, Mitochondrial
- Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) adapt to the unique needs of their resident tissue and metabolic perturbations, such as obesity. We sought to understand how obesity affects EC metabolic phenotypes, specifically mitochondrial gene expression. We investigated the mesenteric and adipose endothelium because these vascular beds have distinct roles in lipid homeostasis. Initially, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on ECs from mouse adipose and mesenteric vasculatures after a normal chow (NC) diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and found higher mitochondrial gene expression in adipose ECs compared with mesenteric ECs in both NC and HFD mice. Next, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and categorized ECs as arterial, capillary, venous, or lymphatic. We found mitochondrial genes to be enriched in adipose compared with mesentery under NC conditions in artery and capillary ECs. After HFD, these genes were decreased in adipose ECs, becoming like mesenteric ECs. Transcription factor analysis revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) had high specificity in NC adipose artery and capillary ECs. These findings were recapitulated in single-nuclei RNA-sequencing data from human visceral adipose. The sum of these findings suggests that mesenteric and adipose arterial ECs metabolize lipids differently, and the transcriptional phenotype of the vascular beds converges in obesity due to downregulation of PPAR-γ in adipose artery and capillary ECs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing on endothelial cells from adipose and mesentery, we found that an obesogenic diet induces a reduction in adipose endothelial oxidative phosphorylation gene expression, resulting in a phenotypic convergence of mesenteric and adipose endothelial cells. Furthermore, we found evidence that PPAR-γ drives this phenotypic shift. Mining of human data sets segregated based on body mass index supported these findings. These data point to novel mechanisms by which obesity induces endothelial dysfunction.
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- 2024
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22. Parental Policy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Programs Is Necessary but Not Available: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residents' Attitudes Toward Parental Leave.
- Author
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Diaz D, Freburg-Hoffmeister DL, Austin TM, Nyshadham S, and Abramowicz S
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- Adult, Attitude, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Parental Leave, Parents, Policy, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Internship and Residency, Surgery, Oral
- Abstract
Purpose: Guidelines regarding parental leave in oral and maxillofacial surgery do not exist. This inconsistency may contribute to gender disparities and an increase in resident burnout. The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions and attitudes of oral and maxillofacial surgery residents toward parental leave., Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which an anonymous 26-item questionnaire was electronically mailed to all current oral and maxillofacial surgery residents in the United States during August 2020. The survey consisted of 5 sections: 1) resident information, 2) residency program information, 3) parental policy information, 4) attitudes regarding parental leave, and 5) attitudes regarding early parenthood., Results: Surveys were sent to 860 oral and maxillofacial surgery residents; 220 completed the questionnaire (25.6%). Majority of respondents were male between the ages of 26 and 30. Half of the respondents did not know whether their oral and maxillofacial surgery program had a formal parental leave policy. Almost a third of residents reported that their program did not have a policy regarding parental leave. Only some programs had a policy regarding parental leave. Most programs allotted 2 days to 2 weeks for parental leave. Parenthood did not prevent pursuit of fellowship training. The majority of co-residents indicated that parenthood had a neutral impact on the performance of their colleagues. Lactation facilities and/or childcare services were not present in all programs., Conclusions: Most oral and maxillofacial surgery residents support parental leave despite the lack of a formal policy in their residency program. Residents who had a child during residency received up to 2 weeks as parental leave. Residents felt that their programs were supportive of parental leave. Parenthood did not prevent the pursuit of fellowship training., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2021
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23. Intraoperative dextrose rate during exploratory laparotomies in neonates and the incidence of postoperative hyperglycemia: A retrospective observational study.
- Author
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Kolesky SE, Nyshadham S, Williams HO, Trinh TA, Tucker AJ, Lam H, and Austin TM
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- Blood Glucose, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Child, Glucose, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Newborn, Retrospective Studies, Hyperglycemia epidemiology, Laparotomy
- Abstract
Introduction: Compared with the older pediatric population, neonates have greater perioperative morbidity and mortality. Difficulty with glucose regulation may be a contributing modifiable risk factor during perioperative anesthetic management. To mitigate the risk of hyperglycemia in neonates, some providers empirically halve the preoperative rate of dextrose-containing infusions during surgery., Aim: To assess the association between halving the preoperative maintenance dextrose rate and postoperative euglycemia in neonatal intensive care unit patients undergoing exploratory laparotomies., Methods: Neonatal intensive care unit patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy under general anesthesia from 1/1/2014 to 11/21/2019 were included in this analysis. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were defined as >150 mg/dL and <46 mg/dL. A calculated dextrose ratio was utilized to categorize patients into full and half intraoperative dextrose rate cohorts. Univariate analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test, the Wilcoxon rank sum test, or Spearman's correlation. Multivariable analyses with regression models were conducted after graphical evaluation of a predetermined set of independent variables., Results: 107 patients were included in the full dextrose rate cohort and 96 patients in the half dextrose rate cohort with postoperative hyperglycemia occurring in 47 and 28 patients, respectively. On univariate analysis, halving the preoperative dextrose rate was associated with decreased postoperative hyperglycemia (odds ratio: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.28-0.98, P = 0.041). This association continued in the regression model (adjusted odds ratio: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25-0.80, P = 0.008) after controlling for preoperative dextrose rate, preoperative serum glucose, preoperative pH, surgical duration, postmenstrual age at surgery, and the presence of necrotizing enterocolitis. Only one patient was hypoglycemic postoperatively, and they were in the full dextrose cohort., Conclusion: Halving of preoperative dextrose rates intraoperatively during exploratory laparotomy in neonatal intensive care unit patients was associated with a decreased risk of postoperative hyperglycemia without substantially increasing the occurrence of postoperative hypoglycemia. The practice of halving preoperative dextrose rates may be an effective empirical approach for intraoperative glucose management in the high-risk neonatal population when blood glucose monitoring is challenging., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
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24. Characterizing the cephalic vein as a blind cannulation target in infants.
- Author
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Lam HV, Nyshadham S, Edney J, and Austin T
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- Humans, Infant, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Catheterization, Central Venous, Jugular Veins diagnostic imaging
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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25. Older patients' aversion to antidepressants. A qualitative study.
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Givens JL, Datto CJ, Ruckdeschel K, Knott K, Zubritsky C, Oslin DW, Nyshadham S, Vanguri P, and Barg FK
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antidepressive Agents adverse effects, Attitude to Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fear, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Substance-Related Disorders etiology, Aging psychology, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Depression drug therapy, Depression psychology, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patients psychology
- Abstract
Background: Depression is common among older patients yet is often inadequately treated. Patient beliefs about antidepressants are known to affect treatment initiation and adherence, but are often not expressed in clinical settings., Objective: To explore attitudes toward antidepressants in a sample of depressed, community-dwelling elders who were offered treatment. DESIGN. Cross-sectional, qualitative study utilizing semi-structured interviews., Participants: Primary care patients age 60 years and over with depression, from academic and community primary care practices of the University of Pennsylvania Health System and the Philadelphia Department of Veterans Affairs. Patients participated in either the Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial or the Primary Care Research in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for the Elderly Trial. Sixty-eight patients were interviewed and responses from 42 participants with negative attitudes toward medication for depression were analyzed., Measurements: Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and entered into a qualitative software program for coding and analysis. A multidisciplinary team of investigators coded the transcripts and identified key features of narratives expressing aversion to antidepressants., Results: Four themes characterized resistance to antidepressants: (1) fear of dependence; (2) resistance to viewing depressive symptoms as a medical illness; (3) concern that antidepressants will prevent natural sadness; (4) prior negative experiences with medications for depression., Conclusions: Many elders resisted the use of antidepressants. Patients expressed concerns that seem to reflect their concept of depression as well as their specific concerns regarding antidepressants. These findings may enhance patient-provider communication about depression treatment in elders.
- Published
- 2006
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