351 results on '"OLYMPIC National Park (Wash.)"'
Search Results
2. Elk monitoring protocol for Mount Rainier National Park and Olympic National Park, January 11, 2012
- Author
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Griffin, Paul C.
- Subjects
Elk -- Monitoring -- Washington (State) -- Mount Rainier National Park. ,Elk -- Monitoring -- Washington (State) -- Olympic National Park. ,Environmental monitoring -- Washington (State) -- Mount Rainier National Park. ,Environmental monitoring -- Washington (State) -- Olympic National Park. ,Ecosystem management -- Washington (State) -- Mount Rainier National Park. ,Ecosystem management -- Washington (State) -- Olympic National Park. - Published
- 2012
3. Evaluation of the sensitivity of inventory and monitoring national parks to acidification effects from atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition.
- Author
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Sullivan, Timothy J.
- Subjects
Atmospheric sulfur oxides -- Counting -- Washington (State) -- Mount Rainier National Park. ,Atmospheric sulfur oxides -- Counting -- Washington (State) -- North Cascades National Park. ,Atmospheric sulfur oxides -- Counting -- Washington (State) -- Olympic National Park. ,Environmental monitoring -- Washington (State) -- Mount Rainier National Park. ,Environmental monitoring -- Washington (State) -- North Cascades National Park. ,Environmental monitoring -- Washington (State) -- Olympic National Park. ,Acidification. ,Atmospherics. - Published
- 2011
4. Climate monitoring protocol for the North Coast and Cascades Network (Mount Rainier National Park, Olympic National Park, North Cascades National Park, Lewis and Clark National Historical Park, Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve, San Juan Island National Historical Park, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site)
- Author
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Lofgren, Rebecca
- Subjects
Climatic changes -- Washington (State) -- Mount Rainier National Park. ,Climatic changes -- Washington (State) -- Olympic National Park. ,Climatic changes -- Washington (State) -- North Cascades National Park. ,Climatic changes -- Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (Or. and Wash.) ,Climatic changes -- Washington (State) -- Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve. ,Climatic changes -- Washington (State) -- San Juan Island National Historical Park ,Climatic changes -- Washington (State) ,Environmental monitoring -- Washington (State) -- Mount Rainier National Park. ,Environmental monitoring -- Washington (State) -- Olympic National Park. ,Environmental monitoring -- Washington (State) -- North Cascades National Park. ,Environmental monitoring -- Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (Or. and Wash.) ,Environmental monitoring -- Washington (State) -- Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve. ,Environmental monitoring -- Washington (State) -- San Juan Island National Historical Park. - Published
- 2010
5. Cotylenchus cleo gen. n., sp. n., a new plant-parasitic nematode (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) parasitising on leaves of western sword fern plants from rainforests in Washington State, USA.
- Author
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Álvarez-Ortega, Sergio and Subbotin, Sergei A.
- Subjects
- *
NEMATOCIDES , *RAIN forests , *FERNS , *SWORDS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *RIBOSOMAL RNA - Abstract
Summary: A new genus and species of anguinid nematode, Cotylenchus cleo gen. n., sp. n., was recovered from leaves of the western sword fern, Polystichum munitum , growing in rainforests in several locations of Olympic National Park, Washington State, USA. This new anguinid nematode induced distinct necrotic and chlorotic symptoms on fern leaves characterised by yellowing, light to brown areas between veins. The new species is characterised by a long and slender body, six incisures in the lateral field, robust stylet (12.0-13.5 μ m) with large and rounded knobs, pyriform to elongate and abutting basal pharyngeal bulb, and long conical tail with pointed terminus; females having posteriorly located vulva (V = 74-80%) and well-developed post-vulval uterine sac (26-59 μ m) and males having spicules 20-23 μ m long. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial 18S rRNA and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA genes showed that this anguinid nematode formed a separate evolutionary lineage different from all other Anguinidae taxa. The new species was also characterised by sequencing the ITS rRNA and COI genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. QUIET, PLEASE.
- Author
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GOODMAN, LESLEE and Cohen, Finn
- Subjects
MOUNTAIN meadows ,SONGBIRDS - Published
- 2023
7. Tidepool.
- Author
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Sutherland, Luke
- Subjects
TIDE pools - Published
- 2024
8. Plant community succession following ungulate exclusion in a temperate rainforest.
- Author
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Woodward, A., Jenkins, K. J., and Harmon, M. E.
- Subjects
TEMPERATE rain forests ,MULE deer ,PLANT succession ,PLANT diversity ,RED deer ,ECOSYSTEMS ,PLANT communities - Abstract
Ecosystem structure and processes of coastal temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest are thought to be strongly influenced by herbivory primarily of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) and secondarily of Columbian black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Two large (0.5‐ha) exclosures were built in old‐growth coniferous rainforest communities in Olympic National Park, Washington, during 1979 to study these effects. Cover of shrubs, ferns, herbs, and graminoids and numbers of tree seedlings were described over 36 yr. Results show a sequence following ungulate exclusion of early release of shrubs, ferns, and herbs followed by eventual dominance of shrubs as other vegetation layers become shaded. Short‐term responses of individual species reflected functional traits related to ability to avoid or tolerate herbivory. Over the longer term, effects reflected changing competitive relationships among vegetation layers and other ecosystem dynamics such as the provision of fallen trees in the appropriate decay class to serve as establishment substrate for tree seedlings. In aggregate, vegetation composition shifted after 36 yr from a system dominated by herbaceous cover with a major graminoid component to one dominated by shrubs (5‐ to 6‐fold absolute increase) and ferns (5–7% increase in absolute cover), less absolute herb cover (15–20% loss), and almost no graminoids (<1.5% cover remaining in any plot) after 36 yr. These changes represented a substantial loss in plant community diversity with a loss of 46 of 74 species. Elk abundance outside of the exclosures began to decline in the 1990s leading to parallel changes in plant community trajectories outside of exclosures to those initially seen inside. While this suggests plant community responses inside the exclosures were also driven by elk exclusion, the strength of this response depends on elk abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. DIET COMPOSITON OF FISHERS (PEKANIA PENNANTI) REINTRODUCED ON THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA, WASHINGTON.
- Author
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Happe, Patricia J, Pace, Shelby H, Prugh, Laura R, Jenkins, Kurt J, Lewis, Jeffrey C, and Hagar, Joan
- Subjects
- *
GASTROINTESTINAL contents , *CONIFEROUS forests , *LAND management , *PREY availability , *FORAGING behavior , *FOOD habits , *FORAGE - Abstract
Knowledge of diet composition can inform management strategies and efforts to recover endangered carnivore populations in vacant portions of their historic ranges. One such species, the Fisher (Pekania pennanti), was extirpated in Washington State prior to any formal documentation of its food habits in the coastal coniferous forests of western Washington. Fisher recovery efforts in Washington, based on translocating Fishers from extant populations, have been ongoing since 2008, beginning with the release of 90 Fishers on Washington's Olympic Peninsula from 2008 to 2010. We collected fecal samples or digestive tracts from 13 Fishers opportunistically on the Olympic Peninsula from 2009 through 2013. Subsequently, we identified the species composition of each sample's contents to determine the primary foods consumed by the reintroduced Fishers. Fisher diets were diverse and dominated by mammalian prey. Contents of feces and digestive tracts of Fishers were composed primarily of Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus) remains, followed by lesser proportions of Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia rufa), Northern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus), Douglas Squirrels (Tamiasciurus douglasii), Southern Red-backed Voles (Myodes gapperi), shrews (Sorex spp.), and unidentified ungulate species. The diet of Fishers comprised species that occur across a wide range of land uses and management prescriptions, including previously logged forests and mature forests that have been set aside for retention of old-growth forest characteristics. Additional study of prey abundance and Fisher foraging behaviors related to structural habitat characteristics across a gradient of land uses would provide useful insights for enhancing the effectiveness of conservation efforts to benefit Fishers in Pacific Northwest coastal forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Predation: Hiking and preying in the wilderness.
- Author
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JANSSEN, TERESA H.
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,HIKING ,CAMP sites ,PREDATION - Published
- 2022
11. "We Didn't Go Anywhere": Restoring Jamestown S'Klallam Presence, Combating Settler Colonial Amnesia, and Engaging with Non-Natives in Western Washington.
- Author
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Peck, Alexandra M.
- Subjects
- *
AMNESIA , *WILDERNESS areas , *ARSON , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *CULTURAL property , *NINETEENTH century - Abstract
On Washington's Olympic Peninsula, the Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe (JST) is implementing cultural heritage approaches to reclaim tribal histories threatened by nineteenth century settler colonial narratives of ethnic erasure. Exiled from their capital village of Qatáy in Port Townsend during the 1870s as a result of government-mandated arson and displacement, JST homelands also include Olympic National Park, popularly lauded as a pristine wilderness area. Emanating from the Tribe's previously unrecognized federal status, accusations of assimilation and extinction have simultaneously contributed to the non-Indigenous public's denial of JST existence. By restoring archaeological sites with modern significance and erecting counter-monuments to commemorate tribal leaders and events, the JST have embarked upon a journey of challenging their veiled history. Perhaps surprisingly, this resistance against historical amnesia has produced reconciliatory outcomes between the Tribe and non-Natives. Through a lens of resiliency and regeneration, this article documents one tribal nation's opposition to being consigned to the past, and their dedication to continued relevancy for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
12. America's Outdoor Laboratory.
- Author
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OHLSON, KRISTIN
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves , *NATIONAL park conservation , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
The article highlights several research projects underway at national parks around the U.S., which include the Olympic National Park in Washington, Yosemite National Park in California, and Everglades National Park in Florida. Details on several projects, including dam removal, forests altered by fire, and restoration of the river of grass, are discussed. The research projects conducted within the parks aim to help conserve the ecosystems.
- Published
- 2016
13. A Clam Conundrum: Olympic National Park's razor clam population has been struggling for years. Is disease to blame?
- Author
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GOLDFARB, BEN
- Subjects
- *
CLAMS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *RAZORS , *MARINE biodiversity , *BEACHES , *MARINE invertebrates , *KEYSTONE species - Abstract
In 2022, a group of scientists published a study showing that, while most Washington razor clams carry NIX, those at Kalaloch are infected with roughly 10 to 1,000 times more bacteria than clams elsewhere. Bumper crops of baby clams occasionally pockmarked the sand; in 2015, for instance, the Park Service estimated that a whopping 138 million young clams settled on Kalaloch. A Clam Conundrum: Olympic National Park's razor clam population has been struggling for years. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
14. DOMESTIC: Olympic National Park, Washington.
- Author
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G. A.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves , *ATTENTION span - Published
- 2024
15. Disturbance and species composition drive canopy structure and distribution of large trees in Olympic rainforests, USA.
- Author
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Kramer, Russell D., Sillett, Stephen C., Kane, Van R., and Franklin, Jerry F.
- Subjects
FOREST canopies ,RAIN forests ,SITKA spruce ,FOREST canopy gaps ,RARE birds ,DOUGLAS fir ,RIPARIAN forests ,BIRD habitats - Abstract
Context: Western Olympic valley bottoms, disturbed by alluvial processes, are dominated by Picea sitchensis and isolated cohorts of Pseudotsuga menziesii, while upland contexts, disturbed by wind and fire, are dominated by P. menziesii. These forests have distinct structure and produce large trees with habitat for endangered birds. Objectives: Describe how disturbance and forest development create landscape forest patterns and distribution of large trees in valley bottom and upland forests. Methods: LiDAR data of ~ 9700 ha within Olympic National Park, USA was classified based on vegetation height and percent cover to contrast valley bottom and upland forests. Within-crown structure from 36 P. sitchensis and 12 P. menziesii was then used to predict locations of the largest and most complex trees. Results: Valley bottoms comprise small patches of dense tall (11%), medium-height trees (19%), and gaps (7%) embedded in open-canopy forest with scattered tall trees (63%). Upland forests comprise larger patches of tall (16%), medium (58%), and open-canopy forest (25%) with few gaps (1%). The largest trees are more abundant in valley bottoms (0.05 tree ha
−1 ) than upland (0.02 tree ha−1 ) due to small patches of tall trees within open-canopy forest. Conclusions: Alluvial disturbance, fungi-wind interaction, and dominance of late-successional fast-growing P. sitchensis create open-canopy forest with more large trees, while severe fire and wind interacting with P. menziesii create patchy closed-canopy forest with fewer large trees. Management for large habitat trees should use aggregated retention with P. menziesii, multi-aged selection techniques with P. sitchensis, and indefinitely retain a low density of large trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Spontaneous and assisted restoration of vegetation on the bottom of a former water reservoir, the Elwha River, Olympic National Park, WA, U.S.A.
- Author
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Prach, Karel, Chenoweth, Joshua, and del Moral, Roger
- Subjects
- *
RESERVOIRS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *LAKE sediments , *NATIVE plants , *GROUND vegetation cover , *VASCULAR plants - Abstract
Early seral vegetation was studied on a former lake bottom after the removal of the 64‐m‐tall Glines Canyon Dam on the Elwha River. In 2015, vegetation cover of all vascular plant species was determined in 63 plots located on sites that emerged in 2011–2012. The sites had been planted and/or seeded, or were permitted to revegetate spontaneously. The plots were further classified by substrate texture: coarse sediments on the valley bottom and fine ones on the valley slopes. Plots were located randomly along random transects perpendicular to the former lake shore that extended into coarse sediment terraces perched above the floodplain. Additionally, 32 plots were sampled in surrounding native forests near these transects. Data were analyzed by detrended correspondence analysis and by canonical correspondence analysis. Substrate texture, that is whether fine or coarse, appeared to explain most of the variability in vegetation. The distance to forest and successional age, that is time since the site had been drained, were also significant explanatory variables, while assisted restoration by planting and seeding appeared to be insignificant to date. Spontaneous succession on fine sediments led to a species composition approaching that of adjacent natural forests. Invasive species were much less abundant than expected. Spontaneous restoration of vegetation on fine sediments in drained lake bottoms can rapidly produce a desirable vegetation composition and structure. On coarse sediments, active restoration may be useful to accelerate the development of native vegetation communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. This week's dream: The wild beauty of Olympic National Park.
- Subjects
LANDSCAPES ,RAIN forests - Abstract
The article offers travel tips in the beauty and diverse natural attractions of Olympic National Park in Washington state, covering its rugged Pacific coast, old-growth rainforest, and craggy mountains, including the park's breathtaking landscapes and the variety of outdoor activities it offers.
- Published
- 2023
18. Wolf‐triggered trophic cascades and stream channel dynamics in Olympic National Park: a comment on East <italic>et al</italic>. (2017).
- Author
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Beschta, Robert L. and Ripple, William J.
- Subjects
STREAM channelization ,RIVER channels - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Reply to ‘Wolf‐triggered trophic cascades and stream channel dynamics in Olympic National Park: a comment on East <italic>et al</italic>. (2017)’ by Robert Beschta and William Ripple.
- Author
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East, Amy E., Jenkins, Kurt J., Happe, Patricia J., Bountry, Jennifer A., Beechie, Timothy J., Mastin, Mark C., Sankey, Joel B., and Randle, Timothy J.
- Subjects
STREAM channelization ,RIVER channels - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Channel-planform evolution in four rivers of Olympic National Park, Washington, USA: the roles of physical drivers and trophic cascades.
- Author
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East, Amy E., Jenkins, Kurt J., Happe, Patricia J., Bountry, Jennifer A., Beechie, Timothy J., Mastin, Mark C., Sankey, Joel B., and Randle, Timothy J.
- Subjects
TROPHIC cascades ,FOOD chains ,POPULATION dynamics ,GRAVEL - Abstract
Identifying the relative contributions of physical and ecological processes to channel evolution remains a substantial challenge in fluvial geomorphology. We use a 74-year aerial photographic record of the Hoh, Queets, Quinault, and Elwha Rivers, Olympic National Park, Washington, USA, to investigate whether physical or trophic-cascade-driven ecological factors - excessive elk impacts after wolves were extirpated a century ago - are the dominant drivers of channel planform in these gravel-bed rivers. We find that channel width and braiding show strong relationships with recent flood history. All four rivers widened significantly after having been relatively narrow in the 1970s, consistent with increased flood activity since then. Channel planform also reflects sediment-supply changes, evident from landslide response on the Elwha River. We surmise that the Hoh River, which shows a multi-decadal trend toward greater braiding, is adjusting to increased sediment supply associated with rapid glacial retreat. These rivers demonstrate transmission of climatic signals through relatively short sediment-routing systems that lack substantial buffering by sediment storage. Legacy effects of anthropogenic modification likely also affect the Quinault River planform. We infer no correspondence between channel evolution and elk abundance, suggesting that trophic-cascade effects in this setting are subsidiary to physical controls on channel morphology. Our findings differ from previous interpretations of Olympic National Park fluvial dynamics and contrast with the classic example of Yellowstone National Park, where legacy effects of elk overuse are apparent in channel morphology; we attribute these differences to hydrologic regime and large-wood availability. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Phytoplankton responses to nitrogen enrichment in Pacific Northwest, USA Mountain Lakes.
- Author
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Williams, Jason, Beutel, Marc, Nurse, Andrea, Moore, Barry, Hampton, Stephanie, and Saros, Jasmine
- Subjects
- *
NITROGEN , *PHYTOPLANKTON , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *LAKES - Abstract
Limited information is available about threshold lake nitrogen concentrations necessary to stimulate phytoplankton species and biomass responses in remote nitrogen-limited mountain lakes. We conducted in situ enrichment bioassays in mountain lakes within Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks in Washington State, USA to characterize phytoplankton species and biomass responses to nitrogen enrichment, and associated dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration thresholds. Based on biomass and growth measurements, phytoplankton were nitrogen-limited or co-limited by nitrogen and phosphorus in the nine bioassay lakes. We identified 20 taxa that responded to nitrogen enrichment, and estimated response thresholds using nitrogen Monod half-saturation constants ( K) for 18 of these taxa. DIN thresholds in nitrogen-limited lakes were 13 μg N l for any increase in chlorophyll a, and 25 μg N l, for an increase beyond typical inter-annual chlorophyll a variation. K values ranged from 0.02 to 77 μg N l across most N-responsive taxa, and diatom K values were higher than those previously quantified in U.S. Rocky Mountain lakes. Approximately, 75% of sampled mountain lakes in the parks have summer dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations below biomass response thresholds. This finding suggests that phytoplankton in park mountain lakes are likely sensitive to future deposition-induced lake nitrogen enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. INTO THE GREAT WIDE OPEN.
- Author
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Warner, Marcus
- Subjects
LINCOLN Continental automobile - Published
- 2017
23. Scenes OF THE Northwest.
- Subjects
WILD flowers - Published
- 2023
24. Farula klahhane sp. nov. (Trichoptera: Uenoidae) from Olympic National Park, Washington, U.S.A.
- Author
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Lee, Jonathan J.
- Subjects
- *
CADDISFLIES , *MALES , *FEMALES , *INSECT behavior , *INSECT morphology - Abstract
A description and diagnosis is given for the male and female of Farula klahhane sp. nov. Affi nities with its closest known relatives are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. PATH OF MOST RESISTANCE.
- Author
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ALVAREZ, TED
- Subjects
MANAGEMENT of national parks & reserves - Abstract
The article focuses on the challenges encountered by the Olympic National Park in maintaining its trails in Washington.
- Published
- 2016
26. Getting the goats.
- Author
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Wright, Karen
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN goat - Abstract
Reports on the statement by park biologists in Washington State's Olympic National Park that the mountain goats that inhabit the peaks of the park are damaging the alpine ecosystems of the park. Efforts to eliminate goats; Criticisms by animal welfare groups against the efforts; Support for the plan by conservation groups.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Isolation of wild yeasts from Olympic National Park and Moniliella megachiliensis ONP131 physiological characterization for beer fermentation.
- Author
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Araujo Piraine, Renan Eugênio, Nickens, David Gerald, Sun, David J., Leivas Leite, Fábio Pereira, and Bochman, Matthew L.
- Subjects
- *
FERMENTED beverages , *BEER , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *BEER industry , *FERMENTATION , *YEAST , *INDUSTRIAL capacity , *LACTIC acid - Abstract
Thousands of yeasts have the potential for industrial application, though many were initially considered contaminants in the beer industry. However, these organisms are currently considered important components in beers because they contribute new flavors. Non- Saccharomyces wild yeasts can be important tools in the development of new products, and the objective of this work was to obtain and characterize novel yeast isolates for their ability to produce beer. Wild yeasts were isolated from environmental samples from Olympic National Park and analyzed for their ability to ferment malt extract medium and beer wort. Six different strains were isolated, of which Moniliella megachiliensis ONP131 displayed the highest levels of attenuation during fermentations. We found that M. megachiliensis could be propagated in common yeast media, tolerated incubation temperatures of 37 °C and a pH of 2.5, and was able to grow in media containing maltose as the sole carbon source. Yeast cultivation was considerably impacted (p < 0.05) by lactic acid, ethanol, and high concentrations of maltose, but ONP131 was tolerant to high salinity and hop acid concentrations. This is one of the first physiological characterizations of M. megachiliensis , which has potential for the production of beer and other fermented beverages. • Yeast strains were isolated from environmental samples from Olympic National Park. • Moniliella megachiliensis was the most promising yeast after fermentation tests. • M. megachiliensis tolerates 37 °C, ethanol up to 6%, 5% NaCl, and metabolizes maltose. • High concentrations of α-acids from hops had no impact on M. megachiliensis growth. • M. megachiliensis is a novel yeast for beer production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. FEEDBACK.
- Subjects
- *
GOATS , *THEFT , *VINEYARDS , *THREE-dimensional printing , *PROSTHETICS , *HUMAN-animal relationships - Abstract
The article presents news stories submitted by readers of the journal. It states that U.S. forest rangers in Olympic National Park in Washington state plan on trapping goats and transport them by helicopter to nearby forests that have a more suitable habitat. It mentions the theft of a German vineyard's entire worth of grapes estimated to be worth 8,000 euros. It talks about the development of three-dimensional printed prosthetics for injured animals.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Predicting Behavioral Intentions to Comply with Recommended Leave No Trace Practices.
- Author
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Vagias, Wade M., Powell, Robert B., Moore, D. Dewayne, and Wright, Brett A.
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN behavior , *INSTANT messaging , *COMMUNICATION in education - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) for predicting backcountry visitors’ behavioral intentions to comply with recommended Leave No Trace practices. Once confirmed, factors predictive of behavioral intentions can be used to inform the development of more effective persuasive communication strategies and educational messaging. Study participants were overnight backcountry visitors to either Olympic National Park, Washington, or Glacier National Park, Montana. The final model explained over 44% of the variance in the dependent variable, but significant predictors differed between the two parks. Discussion is provided as well as suggestions for those charged with disseminating Leave No Trace messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Pacific Northwest.
- Author
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BENNETT, JACK
- Subjects
HIKING ,WEATHER ,MULE deer - Abstract
The article offers information on hiking in the Pacific northwest. It states that weather at Cape Alava-Sand Point loop at Olympic National Park, Washington is moderate maritime but on daily basis it is extremely variable. It mentions that one can see elk and black-tailed deer while hiking at Boundary-Harry's ridge trails in Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington. There is no fee for Chelan Lakeshore trail in Lake Chelan National Recreation Area, Washington.
- Published
- 2010
31. SUNNY DAYS.
- Author
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Marech, Rona
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAINS , *TRIBES , *ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
The author shares his experience visiting the Olympic National Park. The author says his goal was to hit each of the three ecosystems and drove to Hurricane Ridge, since it was an unusually clear morning high in the mountains. He explains how walking into the mountains that first morning was like jumping into an inviting, cold lake. The National Park Service, the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and hundreds of volunteers have planted more than 260,000 plants in newly exposed land.
- Published
- 2016
32. Governmental Immunity for Deadly Mountain Goat.
- Author
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Kozlowski, James C.
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN goat , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *NEGLIGENCE , *ACCIDENTS , *ACTIONS & defenses (Law) ,UNITED States. Federal Tort Claims Act - Abstract
The article discusses the court case Chadd v. United States of America, National Park Service which deals with the death of Robert Boardman, the husband of plaintiff Susan Chadd who was killed by a mountain goat at the Olympic National Park. It mentions on the discretionary function exception under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) which gives immunity to National Park Service under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) on the alleged negligence in management of aggressive wildlife in the park.
- Published
- 2016
33. THE QUIET SEASON.
- Author
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Kwak-Hefferan, Elisabeth
- Subjects
UNITED States description & travel ,NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
The article offers travel trips to several national parks across the U.S. including the Yosemite National Park in California, the Crater Lake National Park in Oregon, and the Olympic National Park in Washington.
- Published
- 2015
34. A new species in the Rhyacophila vagrita group (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from Olympic National Park, Washington, USA.
- Author
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LEE, JONATHAN J. and GIERSCH, J. JOSEPH
- Subjects
- *
RHYACOPHILA , *RHYACOPHILA appennina , *SPECIES - Abstract
Rhyacophila bifurcata sp. nov. is described from males collected in Olympic National Park, Washington. The new species is most similar to R. milnei Ross, 1950. A diagnosis and discussion of the R. vagrita group are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Disproportionate predation on endemic marmots by invasive coyotes.
- Author
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WITCZUK, JULIA, PAGACZ, STANISLAW, and MILLS, L. SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
MARMOTS , *COYOTE , *BOBCAT , *GENETIC markers - Abstract
We investigated predation by nonnative coyotes (Canis latrans) on endemic Olympic marmots (Marmota olympus) in Olympic National Park, Washington, in 2005 and 2006. Although nearly the entire marmot range is protected within the park, declines and local extirpations of the species have been documented. Through analyses of carnivore scat across the range of the Olympic marmot we determined the distribution and relative density of coyotes and characterized the extent to which coyotes and native carnivores preyed on marmots. We used mitochondrial DNA analysis of scats to determine carnivore species, and microsatellite markers for individual coyote identification. Scat analysis indicated that invasive coyotes are widespread and the numerically dominant carnivore on sampled trails within the Olympic highlands-71% (301 of 426) of all scats verified to species arose from coyote. Out of all carnivore scats collected, 11.6% (111 of 958) contained marmot remains. For 85% of the samples with marmots, coyotes were confirmed as the predator. The remainder arose from bobcat (13%) and cougar (2%). Coyotes were the predominant marmot predator across all months and in most regions of the park. Twelve out of 13 coyote individuals identified with genetic markers preyed on marmots. Marmots ranked 5th in frequency of coyote diet items, after snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), mountain beavers (Aplodontia rufa), voles, and cervids. Scat analysis indicated that in the Olympic Mountains, the coyote as an invasive generalist predator is subsidized by abundant multiple prey, and appears to be the primary terrestrial predator on the endemic Olympic marmot. We conclude that predation by coyotes on marmots is widespread and substantial across the marmot's species range, and therefore likely driving observed marmot declines and extinctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Ranking Mahalanobis Distance Models for Predictions of Occupancy From Presence-Only Data.
- Author
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Griffin, Suzanne C., Taper, Mark L., Hoffman, Roger, and Mills, L. Scott
- Subjects
- *
DISTANCE geometry , *STATISTICS , *HABITATS , *OLYMPIC marmot , *HABITAT conservation , *ANIMAL welfare - Abstract
The Mahalanobis distance statistic (D2) has emerged as an effective tool to identify suitable habitat from presence data alone, but there has been no mechanism to select among potential habitat covariates. We propose that the best combination of explanatory variables for a D2 model can be identified by ranking potential models based on the proportion of the entire study area that is classified as potentially suitable habitat given that a predetermined proportion of occupied locations are correctly classified. In effect, our approach seeks to minimize errors of commission, or maximize specificity, while holding the omission error rate constant. We used this approach to identify potentially suitable habitat for the Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus), a declining species endemic to Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. We compared models built with all combinations of 11 habitat variables. A 7-variable model identified 21,143 ha within the park as potentially suitable for marmots, correctly classifying 80% of occupied locations. Additional refinements to the 7-variable model (e.g., eliminating small patches) further reduced the predicted area to 18,579 ha with little reduction in predictive power. Although we sought a model that would allow field workers to find 80% of Olympic marmot locations, in fact, <3% of 376 occupied locations and <9% of abandoned locations were >100 m from habitat predicted by the final model, suggesting that >90% of occupied marmot habitat could be found by observant workers surveying predicted habitat. The model comparison procedure allowed us to identify the suite of covariates that maximized specificity of our model and, thus, limited the amount of less favorable habitat included in the final prediction area. We expect that by maximizing specificity of models built from presence-only data, our model comparison procedure will be useful to conservation practitioners planning reintroductions, searching for rare species, or identifying habitat for protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Silence Like Scouring Sand.
- Author
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Moore, Kathleen Dean
- Subjects
- *
NATURE sounds , *RAIN forests , *SOUNDSCAPES (Auditory environment) - Abstract
The article explores the mission of Gordon Hempton of Olympic National Park to record the natural sounds of the world before they are drowned out by human noise in the rainforest along the Hoh River in Washington. It outlines the "One Square Inch of Silence" campaign established by Hempton, which aims to protect the silence of the national parks. Moreover, it mentions the widest diversity of soundscapes discovered by Hempton within the national park system.
- Published
- 2009
38. Landscape genetic structure of coastal tailed frogs ( Ascaphus truei) in protected vs. managed forests.
- Author
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SPEAR, STEPHEN F. and STORFER, ANDREW
- Subjects
- *
HABITATS , *GENETICS , *AUTOREGRESSION (Statistics) - Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the leading causes of species’ declines and extinctions. A key component of studying population response to habitat alteration is to understand how fragmentation affects population connectivity in disturbed landscapes. We used landscape genetic analyses to determine how habitat fragmentation due to timber harvest affects genetic population connectivity of the coastal tailed frog ( Ascaphus truei), a forest-dwelling, stream-breeding amphibian. We compared rates of gene flow across old-growth (Olympic National Park) and logged landscapes (Olympic National Forest) and used spatial autoregression to estimate the effect of landscape variables on genetic structure. We detected higher overall genetic connectivity across the managed forest, although this was likely a historical signature of continuous forest before timber harvest began. Gene flow also occurred terrestrially, as connectivity was high across unconnected river basins. Autoregressive models demonstrated that closed forest and low solar radiation were correlated with increased gene flow. In addition, there was evidence for a temporal lag in the correlation of decreased gene flow with harvest, suggesting that the full genetic impact may not appear for several generations. Furthermore, we detected genetic evidence of population bottlenecks across the Olympic National Forest, including at sites that were within old-growth forest but surrounded by harvested patches. Collectively, this research suggests that absence of forest (whether due to natural or anthropogenic changes) is a key restrictor of genetic connectivity and that intact forested patches in the surrounding environment are necessary for continued gene flow and population connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A double-observer method for reducing bias in faecal pellet surveys of forest ungulates.
- Author
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Jenkins, K. J. and Manly, B. F. J.
- Subjects
- *
FECES , *DEER , *UNGULATES , *FORESTS & forestry , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
1. Faecal surveys are used widely to study variations in abundance and distribution of forest-dwelling mammals when direct enumeration is not feasible. The utility of faecal indices of abundance is limited, however, by observational bias and variation in faecal disappearance rates that obscure their relationship to population size. We developed methods to reduce variability in faecal surveys and improve reliability of faecal indices. 2. We used double-observer transect sampling to estimate observational bias of faecal surveys of Roosevelt elk Cervus elaphus roosevelti and Columbian black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus in Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. We also modelled differences in counts of faecal groups obtained from paired cleared and uncleared transect segments as a means to adjust standing crop faecal counts for a standard accumulation interval and to reduce bias resulting from variable decay rates. 3. Estimated detection probabilities of faecal groups ranged from < 0·2–1·0 depending upon the observer, whether the faecal group was from elk or deer, faecal group size, distance of the faecal group from the sampling transect, ground vegetation cover, and the interaction between faecal group size and distance from the transect. 4. Models of plot-clearing effects indicated that standing crop counts of deer faecal groups required 34% reduction on flat terrain and 53% reduction on sloping terrain to represent faeces accumulated over a standard 100-day interval, whereas counts of elk faecal groups required 0% and 46% reductions on flat and sloping terrain, respectively. 5. Synthesis and applications. Double-observer transect sampling provides a cost-effective means of reducing observational bias and variation in faecal decay rates that obscure the interpretation of faecal indices of large mammal abundance. Given the variation we observed in observational bias of faecal surveys and persistence of faeces, we emphasize the need for future researchers to account for these comparatively manageable sources of bias before comparing faecal indices spatially or temporally. Double-observer sampling methods are readily adaptable to study variations in faecal indices of large mammals at the scale of the large forest reserve, natural area, or other forested regions when direct estimation of populations is problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Asahel Curtis and the Fight over the Olympic National Park.
- Author
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WILSON, WILLIAM H.
- Subjects
HISTORY of environmental protection ,CONSERVATIONISTS - Abstract
This article recounts the history of the creation of Olympic National Park in Washington. The park was established despite strong opposition from local timber interests and local photographer Asahel Curtis. Curtis developed a reputation as a proponent of logging but the author argues he has been misunderstood and was actually a conservationist.
- Published
- 2008
41. The case of the missing marmots: Are metapopulation dynamics or range-wide declines responsible?
- Author
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Griffin, Suzanne C., Taper, Mark L., Hoffman, Roger, and Mills, L. Scott
- Subjects
- *
OLYMPIC marmot , *POPULATION dynamics , *HABITAT surveys , *ECOLOGICAL surveys , *BIOLOGICAL extinction , *SPATIO-temporal variation , *ANIMAL dispersal - Abstract
Abstract: In the mid-1990s, anecdotal reports of Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus) disappearances from historically occupied locations suggested that the species might be declining. Concern was heightened by the precipitous decline of the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis), coupled with reports that climate change was affecting other high-elevation species. However, it was unclear whether the Olympic marmot was declining or undergoing natural extinctions and recolonizations; distinguishing between normal metapopulation processes and population declines in naturally fragmented species can be difficult. From 2002–2006, we used multiple approaches to evaluate the population status of the Olympic marmot. We surveyed sites for which there were records indicating regular occupancy in the later half of the 20th century and we conducted range-wide surveys of open high-elevation habitat to establish current and recent distribution. We used these targeted and general habitat surveys to identify locations and regions that have undergone extinctions or colonizations in the past 1–4 decades. Simultaneously, we conducted detailed demographic studies, using marked and radio-tagged marmots, to estimate the observed and projected current population growth rate at nine locations. The habitat surveys indicate that local extinctions have been wide-spread, while no recolonizations were detected. Abundance at most intensive study sites declined from 2002–2006 and the demographic data indicate that these local declines are ongoing. Adult female survival in particular is considerably lower than it was historically. The spatial pattern of the extinctions is inconsistent with observed metapopulation dynamics in other marmot species and, together with very low observed dispersal rates, indicates that population is not at equilibrium. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. RIPARIAN FOREST STAND DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE QUEETS RIVER IN OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK, WASHINGTON.
- Author
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Van Pelt, Robert, O'Keefe, Thomas C., Latterell, Josh J., and Naiman, Robert J.
- Subjects
- *
RIPARIAN forests , *FORESTS & forestry , *ARABLE land , *SUPPRESSIVE soils , *PHYSICAL biochemistry , *VEGETATION management , *BOTANY - Abstract
A vegetation chronosequence spanning over 300 years was established in unconstrained reaches of the lower Queets River in Olympic National Park, Washington, USA, for an examination of riparian successional patterns. The Queets is an unconstrained, dynamic, mountain river located within a temperate rain forest environment. Ongoing channel movements create intricate patterns in the physical structure of the valley. Twenty-one plots containing a total of 4359 trees were mapped and measured for structural and crown characteristics. Snags, logs, and understory vegetation were also quantified. Recent alluvial deposits are colonized primarily by early-successional trees Salix sitchensis and Alnus rubra. Conifer seedlings, primarily Picea sitchensis, generally invade after the initial cohort of hardwood trees begins senescence: 20-30 years for Salix and 40-60 years for Alnus. Through accumulation of sediments from floods and channel downcutting, surfaces become perched above the reach of annual floods after 40-80 years and are then slowly colonized by late successional tree species Acer circinatum, Acer macrophyllum, and Tsuga heterophylla. Diverse, old-growth forests ultimately develop after 200-250 years, containing some of the largest known trees in the Pacific Northwest. However, canopy and stem densities remain lower than comparative Pseudotsuga menziesii forests from the nearby Cascade Mountains. Vast individual crowns can develop, with occasional Picea up to 25 m wide and 70 m deep. Individual stands may accumulate >200 000 m³/ha of canopy volume—among the highest recorded on earth. Mixed among the generalized successional sequence are variations created by uncommon channel movements. Avulsions followed by channel incision form cobblefields in abandoned channels or other surfaces which are isolated from subsequent inundation and sediment deposition. These cobblefields embark on a different successional trajectory, which often includes conifer seedlings present in the initial cohort. Ultimately, whatever the initial trajectory, soils become productive due to soil conditioning by Alnus and the decomposition of other plant material. These biophysical complexities, interconnected patterns, and system-scale resilience are summarized in a multiple-pathway successional model that may be applicable to floodplain riparian forests throughout much of the Pacific coastal ecoregion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. WILLIAM O. DOUGLAS S WILDERNESS POLITICS: PUBLIC PROTEST AND COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST.
- Author
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Sowards, Adam M.
- Subjects
- *
JUDGES , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *SOCIAL status , *SOCIAL networks - Abstract
Focuses on the efforts of U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas to secure wilderness protection in the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S. Utilization of his national standing and network of friends to promote an environmental agenda for the region; Overview of his book "Of Men and Mountains"; Background on the controversy in Olympic National Park in Washington.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Differential Tree Colonization of Old Fields in a Temperate Rain Forest.
- Author
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Riege, Dennis A. and Del Moral, Roger
- Subjects
- *
RAIN forests , *HERBS , *PLANT species , *RED alder - Abstract
Most old fields in the Queers Valley of Olympic National Park, USA, remain dominated by exotic herbs 60 y after abandonment although the fields are surrounded by temperate rain forest. However, areas of some fields have been invaded by Picea sitchensis, one of three dominant forest species (with Alnus rubra and Tsuga heterophylla). This provided an opportunity to examine local variation of factors (competition, facilitation, cervid herbivory, soils) that influence tree colonization within a set of old fields, an approach rare in previous studies. Picea sapling invasion of field edges was negatively correlated with percent cover of Agrostis gigantea and positively correlated with Anthoxanthum odoratum. Potential indicators of competition (sod thickness, thatch thickness, percent ground cover) were correlated with Agrostis cover, Picea edge invasion was also correlated with soil organic matter. In experiments, seedlings of Picea and Tsuga emerged as readily in Agrostis as in Anthoxanthum or Pteridium aquilinum, but suffered higher mortality in Agrostis. Experimental seedling establishment was low and required reduction of competing vegetation. In experiments with transplanted seedlings, cervid herbivory suppressed growth of Tsuga and Alnus, but not Picea. Growth of Picea seedlings was facilitated by Pteridium. Differential tree colonization of the fields resulted from: (1) differential competition by invaded cover types against seedling establishment, (2) selective herbivory on tree species of established seedlings and (3) facilitation by fern cover of seedlings of an unbrowsed species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Soil Respiration along Environmental Gradients in Olympic National Park.
- Author
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Kane, Evan S., Pregitzer, Kurt S., and Burton, Andrew J.
- Subjects
- *
SOIL moisture measurement , *RAIN forests , *SOIL temperature , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
Although mountainous landscapes dominate large areas of the Earth, our understanding of how elevation and aspect influence soil respiration in complex mountainous terrain is very limited. Therefore, we measured soil respiration throughout the growing season in 1999 and 2000 at 11 forested sites in Olympic National Park, Washington, USA along elevation-climatic gradients. The study sites ranged from temperate rain forest to alpine forests near tree line. Soil temperature was a significant predictor of soil respiration at all sites, and soil moisture explained additional variability at three sites (R2 from 0.42 to 0.90, P ≤ 0.01). Soil temperatures at the highest-elevation sites were 4.5°C cooler than those at the lowest elevation, but there were no relationships between soil respiration rates at a given temperature and elevation or mean annual temperature that would indicate acclimation of soil respiration to the cooler temperatures at high-elevation sites. Experimental urea additions (1.0 and 2.0 g N m-2 y-1) made at seven of the sites had no consistent effect on soil respiration. Total soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux during the growing season (May–September) varied from 0.34 to 0.75 kg C/m2 and was greater at low-elevation site s wit h warmer soil temperatures and longer growing seasons. Elevation and the length of the frost-free season could both be used to predict growing season (r2 = 0.53) and annual (r2 = 0.81) soil CO2 efflux for the 10 sites located in sleep mountainous terrain. Significant correlations also existed with mean annual temperature. These results suggest that warmer soils and a longer snow-free season associated with climatic warming could cause the mountainous ecosystems of the Olympic peninsula to evolve increasing amounts of CO2 from all elevations and aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. GETTING HER GOAT.
- Author
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BUSIEK, JULIA
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN goat - Abstract
A personal narrative of the author, a biological sciences technician, employed by the U.S. National Park Service to monitor and manage mountain goats in the Olympic high country, explores her experiences of their management as its population is mounting.
- Published
- 2014
47. CAMPING Olympic National Park.
- Author
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Gross, W. H. "Chip"
- Subjects
HABITATS ,TOURIST attractions - Abstract
The article offers travels tips for Olympic National Park, Washington including information on wildlife habitat, weather and tourist attractions.
- Published
- 2013
48. Pure Bird Song.
- Author
-
DOYLE, DIANA
- Subjects
BIRDSONGS ,PACIFIC wren ,GROUSE ,WOODPECKERS - Abstract
The author relates her experience of listening to bird songs at the One Square Inch of Silence in Olympic National Park in Washington. The place was designed by audio ecologist Gordon Hempton who advocates for the protection of the natural quiet of one square inch. According to Hempton, the song of the Pacific wrens is sharp and narrow. The author describes grouse and woodpecker drumming as unusual because they are territorial communications.
- Published
- 2013
49. PIRATES OF THE RAIN FOREST.
- Author
-
BLEAKNEY, GREGG
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves , *POACHING , *RAIN forests , *SALAL , *MOSSES , *FOREST products , *TIMBER - Abstract
The article focuses on the issue of poaching in the forests of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington. It states that several pillagers try to steal moss, salal, fir boughs and other temperate rainforest plants from the Olympic National Park of Washington and mentions about the threats faced by investigating officers from illegal traffickers in forest products trade. It informs that some landowners in the rain forest have deployed private contractors for controlling poachers and also discusses the harvesting and the trade of timber and forest products which take place at the Olympic Peninsula. It also mentions about the impact of poaching on the environmental and labor conditions of this region.
- Published
- 2012
50. LODGE.
- Subjects
- *
VOYAGES & travels - Abstract
The article evaluates several lodge trip services being offered in the U.S. in the year 2012 including, Spring in Appalachia service in North Carolina, Ridges, River, Rainforest, and Waves service in Olympic National Park, Washington, and Cape Cod Summer Sampler service in Massachusetts.
- Published
- 2012
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