Search

This article will explore in what sense subject and object are considered reciprocally in Hegel's first three chapters in the Phenomenology of Spirit. The third chapter, although notoriously difficult to read, is one of the most important epistemological documents in modern philosophy. Hegel's approach will be traced within the debate stemming from Kant's transcendental philosophy mainly through Fichte and Schelling. It will be shown that Hegel incorporated elements from all these figures to arrive at his unique position. Kant's transcendental philosophy established the idea that the thinking consciousness contributes fundamentally to knowledge to the extent that knowledge is fully produced by the subject, and the true nature of the object is unattainable to consciousness. The widely held conclusion was that Kant's thought amounted to a too strong divide between subject and object. Fichte and Schelling managed, thanks to the notion of the absolute, to mediate between subject and object, thereby opening the door to Hegel's dialectics as a philosophy of mediation. Both Fichte and Schelling, as was the case, broadly speaking, with German Idealism taken as a whole, still considered thinking as an activity of being that contributes to the fulfilment of being, linking objects to consciousness. Fichte's "absolute I", a consciousness that precedes the consciousness of the self, standing over the self and the object, was deemed to resemble the Kantian subject too closely. Schelling's natural philosophy, on the other hand, situates the absolute within nature and consciousness as developing from within nature towards the deployment of the self. This approach was considered potentially falling back into a dogmatic mode of thinking. Even if these positions remain caught in problems they seek to overcome, they did make notable progress in addressing the question of the relation of the subject to the object in a modern context. Hegel develops his initial answer to this question in the Phenomenology of Spirit first as an inheritor of the Enlightenment, notably empiricism, but stands critical of its basic suppositions. He does not accept that complete knowledge is immediately accessible, and resorts to the notion of the Absolute to indicate that mediated knowledge leads to truth. Unlike Fichte, Reinhold and Schelling, he does not immediately introduce the absolute as a mediator of knowledge but arrives at it through counterarguments for the positions put forward by the assumption of immediate objective knowledge. This dialectic approach leads to the unfolding of consciousness, self-consciousness and Spirit. Our subjective contribution to knowledge production is also not assumed beforehand, like in Kant, but is the result of the confrontation with the assumptions made by experiential knowledge. Without subjectivity, knowledge of the unity of reality is impossible, as is knowledge of the difference between objects. Knowing objects according to their nature requires subjectivity from which order is established, but the subject experiences itself as standing in relation to objects. Consciousness is confronted by an outside world that must be made sense of. Not only is the establishment of the relation between subject and object important but according to Hegel, the subject's relation to the object is reflected in his self-understanding and self-consciousness. The notion of self-consciousness is revealed precisely by the relation between subject and object, but not before this relation. Hegel therefore starts his journey to the absolute through natural consciousness, a consciousness that takes immediate knowledge of objects around us as authoritative. One can call this immediate knowledge objective in the sense that it takes no queues from subjectivity. Hegel proceeds to critique objective knowledge, claiming that immediate knowledge doesn't reckon with the factor of time, and therefore cannot be the ultimate source of truth. This critique is ambivalent, as it does recognise the world of objects as a source for knowledge, however, this must be supplemented by our own consciousness in order to arrive at a deeper understanding of this knowledge. Consciousness becomes an essential ingredient necessary for understanding. The second chapter introduces perception as the measure of reality. Perception brings a multitude of things under a general principle, thereby creating an understanding between things and their general substance. This second approach to truth cannot explain how generality and particularity exist in the first place. Hegel moves to the notoriously difficult third chapter in which he describes the dynamic relation between force and understanding. Force is identified as the underlying dimension of external reality, but it has in turn to be postulated, making necessary the involvement of the understanding as hypothesising activity. At first, force is merely described in terms of its expressions, but acknowledgement of its fundamental trait as underlying the whole of physical reality without being a tangible thing, leads to the realisation of the role of the understanding. This realisation is self-consciousness. Self-consciousness becomes aware of its participative role in its determination of the underlying structures of reality, structures that are postulated, and not apparent. In the last section, it is pointed out that self-consciousness is not to be understood as standing alone concerning objects - self-consciousness also stands in relation to other-selves. Self-consciousness is not an object and cannot be fully determined as is the case with things. This does not form the primary concern of the article and will merely be described to point to the position of self-consciousness within the larger scheme of Hegel's thinking. This does not take away the importance that the topic under discussion here has for the development of Hegel's system, which is the reason for the focus given here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kant-Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Number perception emerges from multiple stages of visual processing. Understanding how systematic biases in number perception occur within a hierarchy of increasingly complex feature representations helps uncover the multistage processing underlying our visual number sense. Recent work demonstrated that reducing coherence of low-level visual attributes, such as color and orientation, systematically reduces perceived number. Here, we ask when in the visual processing hierarchy coherence affects numerosity perception and specifically whether the coherence effect is exclusive to low-level visual features or instead whether it can be driven by contextual or semantic relationships. We tested adults in an ordinal numerical comparison task with contextual coherence mathematically manipulated using a statistical model of visual object co-occurrence. Across several experiments, we found that arrays with high contextual coherence were perceived as numerically larger than arrays with low contextual coherence. This contextual coherence effect was not attenuated even when we reduced objects to texforms (unrecognizable images that preserve midlevel visual features) or removed semantic content from the images through box scrambling and diffeomorphic warping. Together, these results suggest that visual coherence derived from natural statistics of object co-occurrence systematically alters perceived numerosity at low-level visual processing, even before later stages at which items can be explicitly categorized and identified. Public Significance Statement: While humans possess a number sense that allows the perception of abstract number, perceived number can be systematically biased by irrelevant features. In the previously described coherence illusion, arrays of items that are similar to each other in color or line orientation, are perceived as more numerous than arrays of items that are heterogeneous. In this series of studies, we explore whether abstract features such as semantic relatedness can drive the coherence illusion. We demonstrate that the coherence effect emerges via low level visual processing stages that are independent of categorical or semantic information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical world provides humans with continuous streams of experience in both space and time. The human mind, however, can parse and organize this continuous input into discrete, individual units. In the current work, we characterize the representational signatures of basic units of human experience across the spatial (object) and temporal (event) domains. We propose that there are three shared, abstract signatures of individuation underlying the basic units of representation across the two domains. Specifically, individuated entities in both the spatial domain (objects) and temporal domain (bounded events) resist restructuring, have distinct parts, and do not tolerate breaks; unindividuated entities in both the spatial domain (substances) and the temporal domain (unbounded events) lack these features. In three experiments, we confirm these principles and discuss their significance for cognitive and linguistic theories of objects and events. Public Significance Statement: Humans are able to parse and organize continuous streams of experience into individual mental units, such as objects (entities that extend over space) and events (entities that extend over time). The nature of these basic units of human experience is a foundational topic for the sciences of the mind. This study shows that mental units are connected across the spatial and temporal domains: Both objects and events are represented in terms of their structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the manipulation unit of working memory is one of the fundamental questions in understanding how working memory functions. The prevalent object-based theory in cognitive research predicts that memory manipulation is performed on the level of objects. Here we show instead that the basic units of working memory manipulation are Boolean maps, a data structure describing what can be perceived in an instant. We developed four new manipulation tasks (with data from 80 adults) and showed that manipulation times only increased when the number of Boolean maps manipulated increased. Increasing the number of orientations manipulated did not induce longer manipulation times, consistent with a key prediction of the Boolean map theory. Our results show that Boolean maps are the manipulation unit of working memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the development of the research project “Training scenarios mediators of the biopraxis of children in the context of poverty”, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia, we see that there are other proposed teaching holistic and ecological, derived from new epistemologies, and from here arises the need to write and publish this article, which reflects about the object and objective, and the subject and the subjective, establishing a dialectic between objective and subjective social and human scientific activity. The current alternative social and human orientations do not exceed the theoretical plane, so that this article is an exhortation to move away for positivism and empiricism, not only from the application of qualitative techniques and methods, but from the ontological analysis of the object of study social and human and the epistemological argument of the subject of research, in correspondence with the ontic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the laboratory analysis of geological data, a number of problems arise due to the insufficient accuracy of the results. For example, different laboratories may provide different end results for the same samples, which creates a problem. This can lead to unreliable results, which can ultimately reduce the quality of the assessment. Machine learning allows to speed up the processing of radar data, as well as avoid the above-mentioned «misunderstandings». The problem of conducting scientific research at specialized landfills for a comprehensive assessment of the possibilities of using computer technology in the interpretation of georadar profiles is urgent. This makes it possible to objectively evaluate the result of automatic interpretation of georadar data. The several machine-learning algorithms described in the article are designing to improve the analysis and interpretation of data by incorporating various methods for optimizing georadar data processing processes. These methods include regression, classification and clustering. By incorporating these methods of optimizing the processing of georadar data into several machine-learning algorithms, the software can provide a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the data obtained. This allows for a better understanding of the relationships, patterns and trends in the data, which ultimately leads to more informed decision-making and improved understanding. To improve the understanding of the results, the following quantitative indicators were obtained: correlation coefficient - 0.7072, determination coefficient - 0.5001, all these indicators correspond to these models. The deviation from the regression line is on average 22.37 units. Based on the classification results, the soil was determined to be wet. Errors in the sets do not exceed 1 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animals have played an important role in armed conflicts since ancient times. Transporting supplies, soldiers and military and medical equipment, searching for wounded soldiers, damaging enemy positions, especially by detonating bombs attached to animals or their carcasses, are among the most important forms of using animals in conflict. Considering the increase in the use of animals, especially dolphins, by states to achieve military objectives in armed conflicts, it is necessary to know the standards and support frameworks regarding them. Therefore, this article, based on a descriptive-analytical method, answers the question, what approach has international humanitarian law adopted in this regard? This article concludes that due to the lack of specific rules in international humanitarian law on the ban on the use of animals as military purposes, it must be referred to the general humanitarian rules especially the articles of the first additional protocol to the Geneva conventions of 1949 to explain the legal system of the subject. By considering animals as a part of the environment and placing them in the category of special and protected objects under Article 54 of the said protocol, A support system can be considered for them. Of course, due to the special situation of animals compared to the human, the implementation of the principles of humanitarian rights, such as separation, proportionality, precautions in attack is faced with complications and ambiguities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores various meanings of the word crisis (krisis): in philosophy, law, and psychoanalysis; but also in relation to truth, law, judgement, and thinking. In various axioms—on truth and negation; and on being and reproduction—the essay asks why blackness is often excluded from crisis theory. I then go on to explore the unintended consequences and complications of this exclusion in respective works by Donald Winnicott (on tolerance and contraception), and then only through what is deemed to be neither an object nor a relation, neither a negation nor a phantasy. In the wake of these lacunae I conclude: blackness is an example of an unthought, and that this n'est pas cannot be thought, or determined, as krisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brain Topography is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article seeks to clarify the role of the notion of rhythm in Whitehead's philosophy, considering the mediating character it has between the order of events and that of objects. Deleuze and Harman, when commenting on Whitehead's ontological system, have highlighted the value of events and objects, respectively. Here, we pretend to elucidate the limits of these readings and give relevance to the category between both planes, which is rhythm. This concepts evolve from a naturalistic view to a more metaphysical conception in Whitehead's later work, and its applications go from science to education and aesthetics. Thus, rhythm can be understood as a complex that has an eventual face and an objectual face, internally defining itself as a system of contrasts that mobilizes creation and intensity through time. This rhythmic process of creation leads us to think a poetics of experience, considering its aesthetic and compositional nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the intersubjective relationship between the whipper (paki) and the parrier (ta’ang) in caci, a traditional dance from Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara Province. For that purpose, this study applied the phenomenological method. In this method, caci is described based on what actually transpires during the performance when the researchers made direct observations. As a native Manggarai, the researcher has watched the dance for many years. Data from the phenomenological study were analyzed using Armada Riyanto’s philosophical concept of intersubjective relationality. This study found that the relationship between the whipper and the parrier in caci is not a subject-object but intersubjective one. The intersubjectivity of the whipper-parrier relationship is demonstrated by several facts. First, there is subjective identity of the whipper and parrier in the form of their names. Second, there is affirmation of identity and its confirmation during the dance. Third, the act of whipping and parrying does not involve a large group of people, but only the whipper and parrier as individual actors. Fourth, the whipper and parrier are aware of the other party’s presence and role. Fifth, the whipper is aware of the presence and role of the parrier and vice versa. Sixth, the whipper and parrier are encountering each other with mutual respect. The intersubjective element of the whipper-parrier relationship is highly relevant to the promotion of elegant intercultural dialogues in Indonesia.

Despite the increased attention that was given to data protection laws in national jurisdictions – especially after the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation by the European Union – international law still does not offer a higher standard of protection to the personal data of civilians in times of armed conflict, where the deletion or manipulation of personal data of the civilian population can have significant harmful effects. This article explains that at the time of the adoption of the relevant international treaties and the development of customary international law, international humanitarian law (IHL) did not protect personal data stored electronically, and even though commentators in contemporary times tend to accept the object status of electronic data, State practice still remains inconclusive, largely excluding computerized personal data from the protective regime of IHL. The article argues further that a stricter protection of personal data regulation could potentially lead to harmful effects for protected persons, such as civilians, therefore it is undesirable. The protective nature of IHL must prevail over the data protection interests.

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is due to the problems caused by the globalisation of society. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a philosophical analysis of comprehensive changes in society under the influence of globalisation and determinants identification that influence the transformation of culture as a factor of modern society's existence into an “object” and “tool” of global governance. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, axiological, historical, typological, comparative and synergistic approaches. Results. The role and significance of culture in society as a means of formation, education, development, and humanisation are highlighted. The author analyses the socio-cultural reflections and contradictions of globalisation, which lead to the deformation of ethno-cultural identifications, which becomes an obstacle to the achievement of a true civilisational synthesis by humanity. The article reveals the essence of global governance and its subjectivity and identifies the reasons why culture is deliberately turned into an “object” and “tool” of this governance. The negative social consequences and metaphysical threats of turning culture into an “object” and “tool” of global governance, as well as possible means of counteracting this are identified. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the disclosure of the socio-cultural essence of global governance and the identification of its negative consequences and threats to society, and the significance lies in the fact that they can be used in the practical activities of public authorities, as well as in the development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the philosophy of socio-cultural management and global studies.

Abstract One important role of the TPJ is the contribution to perception of the global gist in hierarchically organized stimuli where individual elements create a global visual percept. However, the link between clinical findings in simultanagnosia and neuroimaging in healthy subjects is missing for real-world global stimuli, like visual scenes. It is well-known that hierarchical, global stimuli activate TPJ regions and that simultanagnosia patients show deficits during the recognition of hierarchical stimuli and real-world visual scenes. However, the role of the TPJ in real-world scene processing is entirely unexplored. In the present study, we first localized TPJ regions significantly responding to the global gist of hierarchical stimuli and then investigated the responses to visual scenes, as well as single objects and faces as control stimuli. All three stimulus classes evoked significantly positive univariate responses in the previously localized TPJ regions. In a multivariate analysis, we were able to demonstrate that voxel patterns of the TPJ were classified significantly above chance level for all three stimulus classes. These results demonstrate a significant involvement of the TPJ in processing of complex visual stimuli that is not restricted to visual scenes and that the TPJ is sensitive to different classes of visual stimuli with a specific signature of neuronal activations.

Researchers who benefited from the publications of Qur'an translations during the Karahanid period have contributed to the Turkish language by conducting studies on topics such as the beautiful names of Allah, religious terms, and abstract words. In their studies, they have documented that many of the words from Karahanid Turkish, which is a historical Turkish dialect, have become archaic in Contemporary Türkiye Turkish and have documented the frequency of usage of Turkish verb bases. This study was conducted to contribute to the research on the identified topics. In the study, the archaic words, Turkish verb bases, and the equivalents of predetermined Arabic patterns in the Line-by-Line Qur'an Translation in Karahanid Turkish, without disrupting the syntax of the Qur'an, were examined morphologically and semantically. The study was delimited to the Surahs of Yāsin, Fath, and Mulk. In these Surahs, Turkish equivalents of the subjects and objects related to the execution of the verb, such as the "fā'il", "mef'ūl", "mubâlagha ism fâ'il", "al-sifa al-mushabbaha", "ism tafdîl" forms, were determined. Throughout the study, the equivalents were compared in terms of translation and meaning. The verb bases and derivatives in the equivalents were examined both in terms of their structures and meanings. In the translation, it has been observed that the translation of words is done more in the context of their own patterns rather than the syntax context. This situation has facilitated a better understanding of Arabic patterns and their equivalents in terms of structure and meaning, making comparison easier. Additionally, it has been noted that the passive, causative, and reflexive suffixes, which determine the relationships of subjects and objects in the execution of the verb, are frequently used in the translation, expanding the semantic framework of verbs. However, in the meanings, it is observed that these suffixes are not used much. According to the translation method based on meaning, situations arising from the translation that hinder the comparison of equivalents have also been identified. Expressing pattern equivalents with different word groups, such as adverbs and conjugated verbs, preferring different basic, derived, and figurative meanings of Arabic patterns, or selecting Arabic-Persian words as equivalents to Arabic words have hindered the comparison of patterns with their equivalents. Additionally, the fact that these issues observed in the translation are also present in the interpretation indicates that Türkiye Turkish is a continuation of the Karahanid Turkish period. As a result of the comparisons, 177 examples were identified in the text as equivalent to the phrases "ism fā'il", "ism mef'ûl", "mubâlagha ism fā'il", "al-sifa al-mushabbaha", "ism tafdīl". It was observed that 58 percent of the examples were adjectives expressing temporary adjectives and 42 percent were words or word groups using derivational suffixes that formed permanent adjectives. The high rate of adjectival participles, at 58 percent, can be considered as an effort to find adjectival participle equivalents for Arabic patterns. These data indicate that the adjectival participle structure is frequently used as a counterpart to Arabic patterns. It should be noted that the archaism rate of the words taken as examples in the context of Karahanlı Turkish and Türkiye Turkish is quite high, at around 89 percent. The number of words not used in Türkiye Turkish is 85 (50 percent), while the number of words with differences in meaning or spelling is 65 (39 percent). Consequently, it becomes evident that Türkiye Turkish is deprived of the richness of Turkish verb bases at a rate of 50 percent that did not reach from the Karahanlı period to the present day. In sum, the translator has demonstrated the presence of distinctive usage patterns of Karahanlı Turkish, a standardized language, in this work. The high proportion of Turkish words in the Karahanlı era translation of the Qur'an, as evidenced by the translator's sensitivity to translation, indicates consideration for the Arabic-illiterate population. As understood from the conducted studies, this is also comprehensible by linguists. In order for contemporary readers to benefit from the legacy of Qur'an translations, researchers need to conduct studies on Qur'an translations. Qur'an translations are a rich source for many topics in language studies. Many areas remain unexplored, such as the parallel and past syntax of translation texts, Turkish equivalents of Arabic verbs and derivatives, and the semantic analysis of Turkish verbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines rituals of gift exchange in the North Indian state of Awadh in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. It draws parallels between the gifting practices of the Nawabs and the English East India Company and examines how specific objects were selected to perform the role of gifts. It explores the practice of gift exchange where objects emerged as sites on which power was asserted, subverted and contested. In studying gifts, the aim is to delve into the institutional and ceremonial significance attributed to objects which made them the site of diplomatic encounters. The range of objects that were brought within the lexicon of gifts, and the power struggles that marked this process, inform the discussion. In exploring these themes, the paper addresses the larger question of how objects were imagined by political powers and the multiple ways in which meanings were added onto and erased from objects over the course of their circulation as gifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accounts of revelation and contemporary views of these are based on beliefs and historical citations. These accounts shall not be limited to the understanding and interpreting of historical and other events within writings but must present the possibility of an objective analysis of the nature of revelation as a phenomenon, an object of our sensory and mental conscious experiences. This paper approaches the act or phenomenon of revelation regardless of the revealer and its nature. Can we abstract the revealer and the revealed from revelation and have an ontological account of revelation solely focusing on the occurrence itself? The central part of the discussion is based on the object/property pair as ontological categories through which the means are analyzed. A comparative method is used where Scripture, musical writings, and mathematical/physical formulae (as potential means of revelation) are scrutinized. As a result, without any need to determine the revealer, revelation can be based on and described through pure properties (not tropes) in human experience, intellect, and understanding. The possibility of revelation beyond Scripture and Jesus Christ—following a type of liberal and general theory of revelation—presents itself in arts and sciences. The "true" of a musical work, when found and experienced during musical performances and scientific truths represented by the formulae, which describe the world and a meta domain, can be derived from the chains of signs and symbols as it is through Scripture. Human cognitive faculties present a universal natural limit to our direct experiencing of the transcendent, of the supernatural. A new dualist conception of logos as a metaphysical category marks the domain bridging the non-transcendent with the transcendent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based upon a qualitative doctoral study about the role, if any, of spirituality in the lives of mental health service users, and how the subject is engaged with mental health social workers in Northern Ireland (NI). One-to-one interviews with twelve mental health service users and twelve mental health social workers were conducted with participants invited to bring an object. The object was used to assist dialogue with participants regarding their experience of spirituality, and its application in practice. International research proposes that spirituality plays a supportive role for some people experiencing mental health problems. The acknowledgement of spirituality in mental health social work practice in NI is, however, challenging due to various factors. Of particular significance is NI's history of violent political conflict, shaped in part by the contested role of religion in the creation of the NI state. This article considers how the selection, presence and absence of the object were used to support participants in exploring a subject that can be challenging to communicate. This article proposes the use of objects within mental health social work practice and research as useful aides to explore culturally sensitive and personal topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we formalize the problem of semiautomatic construction of the contour of area objects from satellite hyperspectral images and present a solution algorithm using PCA and Dijkstra's algorithm. The contour is considered as the boundary of an object, which can be used for its segmentation and classification. The semiautomatic contour accepts reference points specified by the operator. The formalization of the algorithm is completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racism sits at the centre of the UK's debates about Brexit and BrexLit. Contemporary commentators have tended to reduce to racial issues the intricate economic and political aspirations of Brexit supporters in 2016. Ali Smith's Autumn, for example, a prominent example of Brexit fiction, is generally believed to represent racist bias in dealing with Brexit, through two encounters – the fence scene and the passport episode – seen as embodying working class racism against immigrants in rural England. This article argues instead that such earlier interpretations of Autumn are limited by the so-called "politics of racism", used to define working class worries about uncontrolled immigration unleashed by global capitalism. Referring to the aesthetic style of the collage created by Pauline Boty, an avant-garde painter of 1960s Britain, whose work is elevated in the novel as an illuminating discovery by the protagonist, Elisabeth, it proposes an alternative interpretation that highlights inclusiveness above all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the problem of the sound object from the perspective of psychoanalysis. Critical theory, which emerged from psychoanalysis, enables the examination of various forms of the object-oriented sound: from the object cathexis, through symptomatic and organic formations, to the object–affect. Furthermore, the article explores the dialectic of letter and sound. The text concludes with an attempt to structure the sound field as an expression of univocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One important role of the TPJ is the contribution to perception of the global gist in hierarchically organized stimuli where individual elements create a global visual percept. However, the link between clinical findings in simultanagnosia and neuroimaging in healthy subjects is missing for real-world global stimuli, like visual scenes. It is well-known that hierarchical, global stimuli activate TPJ regions and that simultanagnosia patients show deficits during the recognition of hierarchical stimuli and real-world visual scenes. However, the role of the TPJ in real-world scene processing is entirely unexplored. In the present study, we first localized TPJ regions significantly responding to the global gist of hierarchical stimuli and then investigated the responses to visual scenes, as well as single objects and faces as control stimuli. All three stimulus classes evoked significantly positive univariate responses in the previously localized TPJ regions. In a multivariate analysis, we were able to demonstrate that voxel patterns of the TPJ were classified significantly above chance level for all three stimulus classes. These results demonstrate a significant involvement of the TPJ in processing of complex visual stimuli that is not restricted to visual scenes and that the TPJ is sensitive to different classes of visual stimuli with a specific signature of neuronal activations. Highlights: Left and right hemispheric TPJ regions show comparable BOLD univariate responses to different object classes (objects, faces, places). Demonstration that the TPJ has unique activation patterns for the different object classes. Specifically positive activations for TPJ regions are significantly involved in global perception compared to TPJ regions not responding to global shapes. Above chance level decoding of objects, faces, and places from TPJ regions are involved in global perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the interaction between object and scene processing has a long history in the fields of perception and visual memory. Most databases have established norms for pictures where the object is embedded in the scene. In this study, we provide a diverse and controlled stimulus set comprising real-world pictures of 375 objects (e.g., suitcase), 245 scenes (e.g., airport), and 898 object–scene pairs (e.g., suitcase–airport), with object and scene presented separately. Our goal was twofold. First, to create a database of object and scene pictures, normed for the same variables to have comparable measures for both types of pictures. Second, to acquire normative data for the semantic relationships between objects and scenes presented separately, which offers more flexibility in the use of the pictures and allows disentangling the processing of the object and its context (the scene). Along three experiments, participants evaluated each object or scene picture on name agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity, and rated object–scene pairs on semantic congruency. A total of 125 septuplets of one scene and six objects (three congruent, three incongruent), and 120 triplets of one object and two scenes (in congruent and incongruent pairings) were built. In future studies, these objects and scenes can be used separately or combined, while controlling for their key features. Additionally, as object–scene pairs received semantic congruency ratings along the entire scale, researchers may select among a wide range of congruency values. ObScene is a comprehensive and ecologically valid database, useful for psychology and neuroscience studies of visual object and scene processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do we strike intrinsically inoffensive objects when they intrude upon our lives? Why, for example, do we kick the car when it breaks down, or slap the chair that pinches our finger against the table, or strike the open door that collides with our head? In this essay, I ask whether this phenomenon, which I call the performance of "pure object revenge", might arise from an impulse to execute vindicatory, and in that sense vengeful, justice upon the offending object. My new explanation for the phenomenon is that we strike the offending object because it has no life but has briefly acted as if it were alive. It therefore reminds us in the brief moment of its offence that our bodies are also inanimate dust and will return to dust and in the meantime are only briefly animated. In short, my argument is that we strike the object because it is a memento mori. To test and support this, I offer a reading of the "closet scene" at the centre of Shakespeare's Hamlet to illustrate the performative impulse to banish inanimate objects at the threshold of the living and the dead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authors like Freud and Lacan often recurred to fiction in order to illustrate psychopathological structures. Starting from a psychoanalytical perspective, this paper focuses on the main character of the short story ‘The Altar of the Dead’ by Henry James. We argue that the different strategies he displays during his life, as described by the author, are in fact a way to avoid confronting the object of desire and suggest an obsessional structure. For the obsessional subject, all that matters is to assure the object’s subsistence while making it untouchable. Desire is thus conceived as impossible, and this is one of the ways of granting the ex-sistence of the object that arouses it. The idealization of death, the inhibition of sensual love and the ritualization of his existence are the symptoms of a personal struggle that will prove to be absolutely unsolvable.

Introduction. One of the most well-known theories that allows us to study the process of structuring a concept in the mind of a student is the APOS theory, specially created for the study of mental processes in mathematical education and worthy of application in other disciplines. Despite numerous studies on methods of teaching mathematics, in recent years there have been few publications on the problem of students’ understanding of mathematical concepts; there are practically no works devoted to the study of the formation of mental structures in the course of students’ assimilation of mathematical concepts. The aim of the article is to analyze the process of mastering mathematical concepts using the example of trigonometric functions and present the results of the study in accordance with the stages of the APOS theory. Materials and Methods. The study sample included 102 first-year students of the Institute of Construction Engineering under Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. The APOS theory was used to study students' perception of mathematical concepts, which allowed us to see the details of mathematical concepts formation at each stage of the APOS theory, as well as to identify characteristic errors and classify them. The empirical basis of the study includes the results of a written survey conducted among students. The quantitative characteristics of each stage of APOS were compared. Results. The effectiveness of the application of the APOS theory was shown, a questionnaire was developed which allowed studying the process of mathematical concept structurization in the student's mind. Within the APOS theory framework, differences in levels of understanding of trigonometry were identified, which allowed for the classification of errors made by students. It was found that most of the students who participated in the experiment made conceptual errors in learning the concept of function. The results demonstrated the importance of investigating the mental structures that emerge during the cognitive process to determine the intellectual reserves of learners. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study contribute to the development of scientific understanding of the process of structuring mathematical concepts in the minds of learners and methods for studying the mental structures of abstract concepts. The materials will be useful for university teachers, school teachers in the development of mathematics, as well as in the study of other disciplines.

Individuals differ in where they fixate on a face, with some looking closer to the eyes while others prefer the mouth region. These individual biases are highly robust, generalize from the lab to the outside world, and have been associated with social cognition and associated disorders. However, it is unclear, whether these biases are specific to faces or influenced by domain-general mechanisms of vision. Here, we juxtaposed these hypotheses by testing whether individual face fixation biases generalize to inanimate objects. We analyzed >1.8 million fixations toward faces and objects in complex natural scenes from 405 participants tested in multiple labs. Consistent interindividual differences in fixation positions were highly inter-correlated across faces and objects in all samples. Observers who fixated closer to the eye region also fixated higher on inanimate objects and vice versa. Furthermore, the inter-individual spread of fixation positions scaled with target size in precisely the same, non-linear manner for faces and objects. These findings contradict a purely domain-specific account of individual face gaze. Instead, they suggest significant domain-general contributions to the individual way we look at faces, a finding with potential relevance for basic vision, face perception, social cognition, and associated clinical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

bstract This article examined the emergence of the human subject as the central focus of modern thought, tracing its origins from the Renaissance period through the Enlightenment. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, it explored the philosophical foundations of Orientalism and the underlying principles it shared with modernity. The analysis revealed that the rise of the human subject in the modern era was accompanied by a shift in perspective. PreRenaissance religion and culture were approached with an "objective understanding" by the modern subject. This same subject then went on to apply an "Orientalist understanding" when engaging with non-Western cultures and belief systems. The nature of Orientalism could be located in this novel relationship between the subject and the object of knowledge. The "objective understanding" embodied the Kantian epistemology, wherein the subject, relying solely on its own prior information and independent of any external or divine referent, did not recognize anything beyond itself. By subsuming objects within its own framework, the subject imposed its own understanding upon them. This process of objectification and imposition characterized the Orientalist worldview, which emerged as a core feature of modern thought. The article thus elucidated the deep historical linkages between the ascendance of the autonomous human subject, the principles of modernity, and the rise of Orientalist modes of understanding non-Western cultures and belief system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By default, upcycling as a fashion methodology of deconstructing, re-assembling and removing material elements from existing garments, always produces material waste. This waste, with which one would traditionally disengage and place in the bin, is produced through various upcycling approaches—altering motifs, changing silhouettes or deconstructing forms. This waste can be incredibly micro in scale: dust, fibers, the smallest thread, or damaged bit which is produced from breaking down the structure of a garment. Framed more sensitively, this waste can be classified as process debris. Debris conventionally is not clearly understood as a material to reuse, or to value, or to place - as it is small in scale, fragmented, and allegedly beyond repair. This attitude would usually encourage a disengagement with the material, and it would be de historicized and rendered as waste. In the context of this study, the debris from reforming a historic archive has gained new significance. Analyzing and designing with it invites a larger discussion around notions of care, value and the preservation of certain materials. 'Care', in this case, emerged through my encounter with the material debris itself, and the way that unique encounter instigated a consideration of value and role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the study of conceptualization of the categories of object and subject in veterinary terminology. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to study object and subject categorization in the formation, structuring, and functioning of English veterinary medical terminology. The research material consists of English veterinary terms obtained by the method of total sampling from specialized dictionaries. The author analyzes productive ways of term formation representing the category of object and subject, morphological, semantic, and syntactic aspects. The categories of object and subject find wide application in veterinary terminology as they are fundamental categories that play an important role both in the emergence of scientific concepts and in the formation of the terms that reflect them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognition is an evidentiary procedure provided for in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Moldova. It is also a variant, a specific form of forensic identification. The purpose of this evidentiary procedure is to give some subjects of criminal proceedings the opportunity to recognise, from among the persons or objects presented, those whom they have previously known or observed. If we are to be guided by the combination of „subject and object”, this evidentiary procedure has many forms and varieties. What they all have in common, however, is that the identifying subject must memorise the image of the person or object presented for recognition, identify it, establish that it is a complete coincidence, or give a negative response to the identification. The presentation for recognition has its own specificity, which distinguishes it from other evidentiary procedures: it cannot be replaced by hearing, confrontation, etc. A correct perception and understanding of the nature and content of an identification is necessary, first of all, for the correct performance of this evidentiary procedure and, last but not least, for the assessment of the authenticity, credibility and probative value of the results obtained in the process of investigation of criminal cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Foreign Literature Studies is the property of Foreign Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Object detection in surveillance videos is challenging task whenever the objects are similar to other objects and overlapped with each other. Sometimes objects may be masked or cover with any transparent or non transparent material. Due to coverage of objects with opaque materials, object detection becomes difficult. Once object have been identified, it is require to recognize such object leads to any anomaly in that particular environment or not. There is huge demand for intelligent systems with the capability of automatically identifying anomalous situations or objects in an environment present in videos. Due to this, a wide range of approaches have been proposed to build an effective system that would ensure public security. Intension of this article is to specify various Object detection and Anomaly detection techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the utilization of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning algorithms to empower visually impaired individuals, enabling satisfactory movement in their daily lives. The research focuses on enhancing the lives of the visually impaired by addressing challenges they face in unexpected situations. In today's highly technological society, the need for independent living is crucial, especially for visually impaired individuals who often experience social exclusion detection of objects, facial based recognitions, emotion based recognitions, currency based recognitions, web type automations, screen readings & emergency callings, we enhance the quality of life for the visually impaired. Implemented through ML, DL, speech to text & vice-versa, Selenium based web type automation frameworks, these technologies empower individuals to effectively adapt and respond to their environment… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on an ontological account of three concepts in their constitutive interrelation: consciousness, object and signification. I would like in this way to set and answer to some extent to the question "What is the object?" The article doesn't have a historicphilosophical character but in the same time it is often referring to exemplary conceptual statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societies are becoming increasingly aware that they owe their emergence, wealth and industrialisation to their influence as a geophysical force. Social and environmental scientists have analysed the genesis of this self-reflection and pointed to past failures that have led to this predicament. Following the gradually beginning research on differing temporalities, temporal practices and time regimes in the climate change discourse, this article shifts the perspective from past obstacles to possibilities for shaping the future. We historically reconstruct the emergence of interfaces of future co-production and theorise how these enable the imagination, communication and negotiation of climate futures. We conceptualise (1) world organisations as permanent interfaces of future co-production that bring together disparate temporal perspectives, (2) world events as temporary settings that accelerate the production of climate futures, and (3) world objects as mobile webs of meaning that travel between social worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freud claimed that objects are means of satisfying drives (Freud, 1916), a view that was strengthened by object-relation theories, which claims that drives are primarily object-seeking (Fairbairn, 1946). In a recently published paper, I have suggested modifying this assumption. I argue that while drives are consciously directed at objects, they are unconsciously directed solely at characteristics (Saad, 2022). In this paper, I examine the distinction between directing drives at characteristics and directing drives at objects. I then use this distinction to make a distinction between transference relations and real relations. Finally, I show that the characteristic/object distinction might reveal intrapsychic conflicts in which the subject is consciously attracted to an object and unconsciously repulsed by its characteristics (or vice versa), and I examine how these conflicts can be analyzed within the psychoanalytic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the possibility of expressing the contested nature of social work via objects and their stories. Two Collections of objects and their stories (object/stories) are analysed and compared – an English language Collection (Obj1) and a Latin American Spanish language Collection (Obj2). A thematic analysis results in a schema of three categories of object/story: practical, symbolic, and totemic. The object/stories vary in the degree to which they reflect a social work that is community-oriented or focused on the individual. The two Collections are analysed for similarities and differences, and the authors consider wider applications of the learning from the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)