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Bisphenol-C epoxy crotonate resin was synthesized by reacting 8.09g epoxy resin of bisphenol-C, and 2.15g crotonic acid using 25 mL 1,4-dioxane as a solvent, and 1 mL triethylamine as a catalyst at reflux temperature for 1-6 h. Solid epoxy crotonate (ECCR) is highly soluble in common organic solvents. ECCR was characterized by its acid (24.5-1.5 mg KOH/g) and hydroxyl (504.5-678.4 mg KOH/g) values. The structure of ECCR is supported by FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopic methods. A DSC endothermic transition at 229oC indicated melting followed by thermal polymerization of ECCR. ECCR is thermally stable up to 320oC and follows three-step degradation kinetics. The first step followed first-order degradation kinetics, while the second and third steps followed one-half-order degradation kinetics. High values of kinetic parameters suggested the rigid nature of the crosslinked resin. Jute-, Glass- and Jute-natural fiber-ECCR composites showed moderate tensile strength, flexural strength, electric strength, and volume resistivity due to the rigid nature and poor interfacial adhesion of the composites. J-ECCR and G-ECCR composites showed high water absorption tendency and excellent hydrolytic stability against water, 10% aq. HCl and 10% aq. NaCl and even in boiling water. Mechanical and electrical properties and water absorption tendency of the composites indicated their usefulness as low load-bearing housing and insulating materials. They can also be utilized in harsh environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2’-chloro-6’-diethylaminofluoran and 2’-chloro-3’-methyl-6’-diethylaminofluoran were reacted with various diphenols in dimethyl formamide in the presence of potassium carbonate to give the related bisfluoran compounds. All the synthesized derivatives were identified by conventional methods (IR, 1H-NMR), elemental analysis and UV-visible spectroscopy in organic solvent and 95 % acetic acid. All the fluoran compounds change their color in acidic media.

Copoly (ester-sulfonate) (CPMCDI) of 1,1'-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy phenyl) cyclohexane (5mmol), isophthaloyl chloride(2.5mmol) and 4,4'-diphenyl disulfonyl chloride(2.5 mmol) has been synthesized by interfacial polycondensation technique at 5°C for 31/2 h using water-1,2- dichloroethane(50:12.5 mL) as diphasic system, alkali (0.015 mol) as an acid acceptor and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)(110mg) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (20mg) as mixed emulsifiers. CPMCDI is characterized by solubility, IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques, viscosity in four different solvents at 30 0C, molecular weight by GPC (...Mw= 2.5 x 104, ...Mn= 0.87 x 104, ...Mn...Mw ) and density (1.2644 g/cm³) by flotation method. A 0.10 mm thick CPMCDI film has 17.4 MPa tensile strength, 30kV/mm electric strength at 27°C and 8.7x 1011 Ω cm volume resistivity at 25°C. CPMCDI possesses fairly good hydrolytic stability against water, acids, alkalis and salts at 35°C, high Tg (183°C) and good thermal stability (325°C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synergy of a pre-accumulated genes with an autoimmunity advancing to slow abolition of pancreatic beta-cells causes insulin deficiency and results enrooting insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). As per WHO data worldwide about 150 million people are diabetic and the number may rise to more than double by the year 2025. Any absolute cure for IDDM is not available yet, and one of the credible advent in the field include cell-based therapy. At this conjecture, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) seems to have a specific and beneficial characteristics due to their in vivo as well as in vitro potential to mimic a pancreatic endocrine phenotype and immune-regulatory actions. MSC have the capacity to tweak endogenous tissue and cells of immune system. They have been proven as secure and efficacious cell-based regenerative therapy, to treat diverse autoimmune, degenerative diseases and tissue injuries. By consolidating characteristics of MSC biology, MSC-based therapy, engineering and advances in the field, MSC have a great potential to bring us notably closer to a much-needed and long-time awaited cure of IDDM. The review discusses MSC-based cellular therapeutic strategies targeting at IDDM. MSC characteristics of immunomodulation and regeneration potential when used alone or in combination with islets or in differentiated form of insulin producing cells (IPC) are taken into consideration for the review purpose., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.)