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Background: In this network meta‐analysis (NMA), the efficiency and safety of PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy and PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy were compared in the first‐line therapy of patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). Methods: We searched research databases, conference abstracts, and trial registries and subsequently chose relevant studies and extracted dates. The NMA was conducted to estimate the efficiency and safety of the PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy and PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy on overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall remission rate (ORR), and adverse events (AEs). Studies were assessed for quality. Subgroup analyses were used to evaluate study heterogeneity. Results: We included six randomized trials with a total of 3163 patients. Direct comparisons showed that patients who received either PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57–0.87) or PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy (HR: 0.74, 0.61–0.89) demonstrated significantly longer OS than those who received placebo + chemotherapy. The results of the NMA showed that no significant differences in OS (HR 0.96 95% CI: 0.72–1.3), PFS (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.51–1.4), and ORR (OR 1.3 95% CI: 0.66–2.5) were observed for PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy compared with PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy, but the Bayesian ranking revealed that patients receiving PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy tended to have longer OS, PFS benefit, and better treatment response than patients receiving PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy. In terms of safety, no significant difference was observed in their safety profiles. Conclusion: In comparison to placebo + chemotherapy, PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy and PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy significantly improved survival for ES‐SCLC. According to the available data, PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy and PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy had equivalent efficacy and safety; however, the level of evidence of this type of comparison is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials are of great interest for their potential application in optical communication, remote sensing, imaging, and homeland security. Tellurium (Te) doped glasses were recently recognized as such a promising candidate due to their broadband NIR emission (700–1700 nm). However, the achievement of Te‐doped glasses with high luminescence efficiency and glass stability (GS) remains a daunting challenge. Here, the luminescence behavior and GS of Te‐doped germanate glasses are manipulated by tailoring the glass network topology. Te NIR luminescence is enhanced by tailoring topological cages in germanate glass network structure through varying glass network modifiers. Meanwhile, the GS of potassium germanate glass is significantly enhanced due to increased network connectivity caused by the co‐introduction of alkaline earth oxides. Finally, NIR luminescence intensity of the glass was further enhanced by optimizing the doping concentration of TeO2. The findings here could contribute to designing Te‐activated glasses with improved performance for application in optical amplifiers and tunable fiber lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel configuration is a kind of broadly considered host candidate when designing persistent luminescence (PersL) materials due to the easy generation of vacancies and anti‐site defects. Here, a new strategy of defect enrichment for the activation of PersL is proposed, and in contrast to the spinel configuration, it is demonstrated that the crystal structure of near inverse spinel ensures more numerous defects to activate the near‐infrared (NIR) PersL of Fe3+. Fe3+‐doped MgGa2O4 displays the PersL band in the range of 600 to 900 nm and possesses a super‐long PersL duration time >15 h. The optical analysis and the calculation of density functional theory unravel that the near inverse spinel structure can lower the carrier transfer barriers to accelerate the formation of carrier trap states within the bandgap. Therefore, more numerous defects in this structure may participate in the trapping and de‐trapping process by comparison with the normal spinel configuration. These findings are expected to accelerate the development of new PersL materials through Fe3+ doping toward versatile biological applications in NIR window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]