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Background: Diabetes is a common disease, with a rapidly increasing trend in Vietnam and worldwide, and is also the leading cause of death, morbidity, and health burden. Therefore, it is important to predict increasing levels of type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk and its associated risk factors to improve prevention strategies. The purpose of our study is to predict the risk of T2DM development and explore its associated factors among individuals aged 25 and above in Hue City. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 732 residents, aged 25 and above, living in some wards of Hue City. Results: In Tay Loc ward and Thuan Hoa ward of Hue City, the estimated incidence of T2DM development using the ModAsian FINDRISC scale was 5.18%. According to the ModAsian FINDRISC scale, occupational, history of hypertension, and dyslipidemia were significant factors associated with the risk of developing T2DM in the next ten years. Conclusion: The intervention strategy of addressing associated risk factors would be essential to reducing the risk of T2DM in the community. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, FINDRISC, Hue city.

This study was conducted to show the factors affecting the current status of socialemotional skills education for 5-6-year-old children in preschool. Through the analysis of influencing factors, it is shown that, in order to effectively educate children on socialemotional skills, it is necessary to pay attention to objective factors (group of friends in the class, conditions, and levels of interest of children). young family, social environment, early childhood education environment), and subjective factors (children's characteristics, teacher's capacity). At the same time, the analysis of these influencing factors can also confirm that the education of social-emotional skills for 5-6 years old children is an urgent requirement to equip children with important "non-cognitive skills". to adapt to life in primary school and cope with the new changes of the times. The basic method used in this article is a qualitative research method combined with a quantitative research method. The collected results were processed using SPSS 25 software.

In this study, banana-peel-derived carbon/g-C3N4 (BC/CN) composite was prepared by a facile calcinating method from the urea (NH2)2CO and banana-peel-derived carbon (BC) precursors. Whereas, the banana-peel-derived carbon was prepared from the waste banana peel as biomass source. The obtained composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. The results showed that the BC/CN composite had the higher photocatalytic activities in the degradation Rhodamine B (85%) compared to the pristine g-C3N4 (31%) under visible light. This shows that the BC/CN composite as a promising new material with low cost for photodegradation of organic pollutants in wastewater

The Ge/C composite was prepared by hydrothermal method using Germani (Ge) and carbon (C) as precursors, in which C was prepared from waste banana peel as biomass source and Ge was obtained from reduction of GeO2 by Mg at 650 oC. The synthesized composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM); and used as lithium ion battery anode material. The results showed that the Ge/C anode exhibited a higher capacity and stablity than those of the pure Ge. This observation can indicate that the Ge/C composite may be a new class of promising negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries in the future.

Background: Hemoglobinopathy is the most common monogenic disease worldwide. The aims of the current study were: (1) to investigate some hematological characteristics of patients with hemoglobinopathies; and (2) to detect the mutation of α-globin and β-globin genes, as well as the association between genotype and degree of anemia. Materials and method: 251 patients with hemoglobinopathies were examined for the α-globin or β-globin gene mutations. Results: 51% were the carriers, and 49% were thalassemia intermedia or thalassemia major. Hematological characteristics were suitable for α-thalassemia or β-thalassemia. Elevenβ-globin gene mutations were observed. The β0/βA, βE/βA, βE/βE, βE/β+, β+/β+ genotypes were only found in β-thalassemia intermedia individuals; the β0/β0 genotype was limited to β-thalassemia major patients; the β+/β0 and βE/β0 genotypes were seen in both types. Four α-globin gene mutations were observed. All α-thalassemia patients were intermedia, the most common genotype was --SEA/-α3.7. Conclusion: There were differences in anemia degree between β-globin genotypes Key words: hemoglobinopathies, α-globin, β-globin.

Stemming from the history of Vietnam in the 11th-13th centuries - the characteristics and requirements of society, that is, the provisions of building a country and an independent, unified and strong Dai Viet; it is a requirement to unite the forces of the whole country against the brutal invasion of the Nguyen Mong invaders; On the basis of the spirit of humanistic values, with the inheritance, fusion, and development of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, the thoughts of the Ly- Tran period have been formed and developed. The article focuses on the inheritance, fusion, and development of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, and Vietnamese traditional ideology and culture in the educational thought of Ly- Tran period, which is reflected in the following aspects: research content, practice, and examinations in this period, as well as the ideas of the king and the Zen master - typical examples of moral education in this period.

Background: Thalassemia is the most common monogenic disease worldwide. The severity of thalassemia depends on the degree of imbalance between the α-globin and β-globin chains. The aims of the current study were (1) to describe clinical and hematological characteristics of β-thalassemia patients; and (2) to investigate mutations of β-globin gene using Sanger sequencing, as well as the association between β-globin genotype and severity of β-thalassemia. Materials and method: 57 β-thalassemia patients treated at Hue Central Hospital were examined by sequencing the whole β-globin gene. Results: 80.7% with β-thalassemia intermedia, 19.3% with β-thalassemia major. Patients had 100% anemia, 75.4% splenomegaly, 50.9% hepatomegaly, 38.6% thalassemia facies, 28.1% jaundice and 15.8% iron overload; The red blood cell indices were decreased: Hb 7.5 ± 1.3 g/dL, MCV 70.9 ± 8.4 fL, MCH 20.5 ± 2.1 pg. Hemoglobin composition included HbA 35.2 ± 33.9%, HbA2 6.1 ± 2.7%, HbF 24.8 ± 18.0%, and HbE 38.6 ± 15.2%. Nine β-globin gene mutations were observed. The most common genotype was βE/β0, which occupied 80.7%. The βE/βA, β0/βA and βE/β+ genotypes were only found in β-thalassemia intermedia individuals, while the β0/β0 genotype was limited to β-thalassemia major patients. The βE/β0 genotype was seen in both types. Conclusion: There was differences in age of blood transfusion initiation between the genotypes. Among them, the β0/β0 genotype was the most severe. Key words: β-thalassemia intermedia, β-thalassemia major, genotype.

Abstract: Limonoids are the most representative metabolites present in the order Rutales, which includes the families Rutaceae, Meliaceae and Cneoraceae. They are tetranortriterpenoids with a 4,4,8-trimethyl-17-furanylsteroidal skeleton, containing several oxygenated functions. The Meliaceae family consists of 50 genera with more than 1400 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Plants of this family are found to be rich in limonoids. Limonoids from Meliaceae family exhibit a diverse range of bioactivities cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antifeedant, activities and some of them have been commercially used for different purposes. Numerous studies on limonoids from Meliaceae family and their bioactivities have been reported recently. This review covers the isolation and structure determination of limonoids reported during 2012–2022. 1172 novel limonoids in 118 papers have been summarized. Furthermore, important biological activities of these limonoids have also been outlined. This review can provide useful information for medicinal and pesticidal chemistry and phytochemistry researchers who are interested in the chemistry and biology of limonoids.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic endocrine disease in the world, and it tends to increase rapidly in many countries and is becoming an obstacle to social development. Therefore, early detection of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus is important in reducing the burden of complications. Research described the risk for the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and some associated factors of the predictive rate among adults in Thua Thien Hue province. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2258 people living in Thua Thien Hue province. Results: By 2030, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus by the Asian FINDRISC scale among adults aged 25 and over living in Thua Thien Hue province will be increasing 4.24%. Occupation, history of hypertension, history of dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia treatment were significantly associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus in the next 10 years by the Asian FINDRISC scale. Conclusion: A comprehensive intervention strategy for associated factors is the answer in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the community. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, FINDRISC, Thua Thien Hue.

Seed-borne rice endophytes are capable of disseminating into host plant tissues as well as to their rhizosphere. Here, we investigated the occurrence of siderophore-producing bacteria (SPB) in the seed endospheres of two distinct rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, TK8 (ssp. japonica) and TCN1 (ssp. indica), and their dissemination into the rhizospheres through culture-dependent methods. Their patterns of occurrence in the rhizospheres as well as in the root and shoot tissues of 30 day-old cultivars grown in three different kinds of soils were tested. The significance of SPB on Fe sequestration of TCN1 was studied using Enterobacter sp. LS-756. TK8 seeds were found to be not only abundant in endopsheric SPB (> 10-fold), but also exhibited enhanced SPB dissemination into the rhizosphere (1.3-fold) as compared to TCN1. The proportion of endophytic SPB was consistently higher in roots than in shoots, and it was found to decline with decreasing soil pH. A similar declining trend was further evident through the analysis of SPB composition in the rhizospheric and bulk soils. LS-756-inoculated TCN1 seedlings under low availability of Fe showed 32%, 178%, and 368% increases in Fe, chlorophyll, and chlorophyll b contents as compared to the uninoculated controls. Thus, the occurrence of seed-borne endophytic SPB and their dissemination into the rhizosphere vary significantly according to the rice genotype. Higher co-occurrence of SPB in the rhizosphere and internal root tissues of rice plants grown under Fe-limited conditions and the enhanced Fe uptake due to SPB inoculation substantiated their potential involvement in Fe sequestration.

The content of viewpoints on education in the Ly - Tran period is not a random phenomenon; it is derived from the goals and requirements of the reality of Dai Viet society during that period. Educational thoughts in the Ly - Tran period was absorbed from Chinese Confucianism; Besides, based on the nation's traditional cultural thought, the educational thought of the Ly - Tran dynasties had inherited, developed, and integrated with the educational ideology in Confucianism, Buddha, and Taoism, flexibly and appropriately consistent with the situation of Dai Viet in the XI-XIV centuries. Along with the views on educational content, educational thought of the Ly - Tran period is also expressed through the perception of the organization and methods in education. The article focuses on presenting the viewpoints on educational methods of the Ly - Tran period through the main themes such as language, writing, and learning materials; teaching and learning methods; testing system.