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Background: Patients who suffer from systemic hypertension frequently have peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Ankle brachial index is a simple approach for detecting asymptomatic PAD. PAD is indicated by an ABI of 0.9. PAD predicts a significant cardiovascular risk and is a sign of atherosclerosis. Aim: To study the effect of systemic hypertension on ankle brachial index and to assess the effect duration of hypertension and blood pressure on ankle brachial index. Materials and Method:Present study was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in Department of general medicine, SreeMookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam for a period of 8 months. A total of 75 patients with hypertension attending general medicine out-patient department were included in the study. Patient details were recorded which included age, sex, BMI, duration of hypertension, blood pressure and ankle brachial index. Results were analysed using SPSS 20.0 version and the association was tested using Chi square test. Results: Prevalence of asymptomatic PAD was 52%. Of the 39 patients with ABI was =0.9, 28(71.8%) were males and 11(28.2%) were females. Statistically significant association was found between ABI and age, gender, duration of hypertension and BMI. As the systolic and diastolic BP increases the ABI decreased. Conclusion: In patients with high blood pressure, low ABI is a reliable indicator of mortality. The assessment of the overall cardiovascular risk in the hypertensive population may be aided by the diagnosis of PAD in hypertensives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The vitamin b12 in type 2diabetes mellitus. Patients using metformin or not on metformin-a cross sectional study. Methods: Data was collected from T2DM patients attending Department of General medicine of Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kanyakumari, TamilNadu from march 2022 to September 2023. data collected from 110 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin and patients not on metformin(dose and duration) Age group (18to 80 years). Results: The age group didn't shows significant p value. The Pearson chi square for age is 8.057, p=0.089. The sex also shows no significant p value(Pearson chi square=0.131, p=0.717) Mathew c pflipse et al, shows high prevalence of vitamin b12 deficiency among 22% of diabetes with metformin therapy. In our study also had almost same percentage of the metformin group patients affected. Ting et al, noticed that the metformin duration are main factors for Vitamin B12 deficiency. This is similar to our study and shows association between duration of metformin and with B12 levels. Conclusion: In the study, metformin therapy for >2 years had shows significant vitamin B12 deficiency and less than 6 months has no significant vitamin B12 deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Study on association of serum uric acid level with urine albumin level in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital-a cross sectional study. Methods: Data was collected from diabetic patients attending Department of General medicine of Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kanyakumari, TamilNadu from march 2022 to September 2023.Data collected from 100 patients those who are diagnosed T2DM. Result: There is a strong positive correlation between increase in serum uric acid levels and corresponding increase in urine albumin creatinine ratio. This is indicated by the Pearson's R Correlation value of 0.890043. This means as serum uric acid levels increases the urine albumin creatinine ratio increases. Conclusion: In this study we can safely conclude that the mean serum uric acid level was significantly and consistently higher in microalbuminuria patients in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]