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Modern scientific literature views issues on adaptation based on various aspects: biological, medical, pedagogical, sociological, cybernetic, interdisciplinary, etc. The given article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of adaptation as social and psychological phenomenon including peculiarities of its functioning in the conditions of social and cultural acceleration (dynamics). The analysis of empirical data on the results of research of adaptation processes of students of the chosen higher educational institution has been given here combined with comparative analysis of adaptability of foreign and local students of the first year of academic study.

This study describes the biotechnological significance of the by-product obtained in the production of milk products in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the immobilization of microorganisms on carriers of various natures increases their safety. The inorganic matrices used were sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, technical brand "KMC 85/500;" colloidal silicon dioxide in the form of a commercial preparation, "Polysorb;" and the sodium form of montmorillonite from the Podgorenskoye deposit in the Voronezh region. Bacterial cells were immobilized by adding Lysobacter sp. solid sterile carrier with constant mechanical stirring in a "carrier/biomass" ratio equal to 1: (2–4). During the experiment, it was found that the mineral montmorillonite is a promising material for the immobilization of bacterial cells in order to obtain biocompositions based on them, since a positive trend in the preservation of bacterial cells was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Belgorod Region is one of the main agro-industrial regions of Russia. The volume of production in the livestock sector in 2022 amounted to 203 billion rubles. Most often, livestock farms are located near agricultural land with plant crops, which increases the risk of contamination of the latter with various toxicants. The purpose of this work was to study and assess the contamination with heavy metal ions and toxic chemicals of the soils of agricultural lands and nearby reservoirs in the Prokhorovsky district of the Belgorod region. Watercress (Lepidium sativum) and crustaceans (Daphnia magna Straus) are bioindicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important stage in the production of tinctures and aromatic alcohols is the extraction process. The paper aims to study the process of extracting target compounds from fruit and berry raw materials for the production of alcoholic tinctures. The research was carried out using a Soxhlet extractor. The experimental results were processed using the method of multiple regression analysis. As a result of processing the experimental data, the optimal technological regime parameters for the production of aromatic cranberry alcoholic tincture were selected. The cranberry tinctures produced at these parameters have a high content of target substances and reach maximum scores for taste, aroma and color. The obtained regression equations allow predetermining the quality of the resulting drink with a confidentiality of more than 90%. The use of the Soxhlet extractor allowed reducing the duration of the preparation of the cranberry tincture to 15 minutes, which is by times different from the classic method of tincture production. The use of the Soxhlet extractor allows reducing the consumed amount of solvent and raw materials, due to the almost maximum rate of the extraction. All this, in turn, affects the cost of the final product and the costs of the manufacturer.

Six species of large-celled Pinnularia Ehrenberg from lakes of eastern North America, P. dariana (A.W.F. Schmidt) Mills, P. alabamae Krammer, P. bihastata (A. Mann) R.M. Patrick, P. torta (A. Mann) R.M. Patrick, P. rexlowei sp. nov. and P. spinifera sp. nov. are investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy. All six species are shown to possess marginal spines, a trait sporadically encountered in Pinnularia and generally rare in raphid diatoms. Besides having spines, the six species differ in their frustular morphology, including appearance and position of spines. We summarize data on their ecology and distribution using a set of 702 sediment core samples from 424 lakes from eastern USA and Canada. Pinnularia rexlowei is only known from Quaternary lacustrine deposits in the State of Connecticut and from the surface and subfossil sediments of two lakes in northeastern USA. The other five species are relatively common, and at least one species of spine-bearing Pinnularia was found in 34% of studied lakes. Pinnularia dariana and P. torta reach as far north as Labrador, while P. alabamae, P. bihastata and P. spinifera were only encountered south of Canada. Pinnularia alabamae and P. spinifera are characteristic for lakes with relatively soft and slightly acidic water, while P. bihastata, P. dariana and P. torta are found in a wider range of physico-chemical conditions, including alkaline and eutrophic lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the warm middle Eocene (ca 45 Ma), the Napartulik area (also called 'the Geodetic Hills'), Axel Heiberg Island, northern Canada (Nunavut), was vegetated with mixed broad-leaved deciduous angiosperm and evergreen conifer forests over extensive floodplain and forested wetland habitats. Massive organic rich sedimentary successions and encapsulated in-situ tree trunks suggest these forests were drowned by frequent flooding events. The sedimentary layers contain sub-fossil amber that was produced by representatives of the Pinaceae such as Pseudolarix. The amber offered an opportunity to investigate aerial plankton and thus the chance to discover microfossils, which could provide evidence of biotic interactions associated with, or the cause of, the forest die-offs. Fifty-four amber samples were subjected to a solvent treatment for microfossil extraction followed by light microscopy, resulting in the discovery of several hundred microfossils. Unexpectedly, one-quarter of the microfossils were diatoms, which may predominantly have lived on the tree bark. Fungal spores were rare, and the pollen grains found corroborated earlier findings in litter or coal. The records of fungal spores and arthropod remains were insignificant and could, therefore, not substantially have been contributing to the forest die-offs. More resin analyses from the complete sedimentary profile would be needed to get a clearer picture of putative forest pests and prevailing environmental conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]