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"Solid-liquid excipients" co-production is one of the typical processing methods of excipients used from ancient times to the present day, and is widely applied in various processing schools and regional specialty varieties. This method significantly reduces the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), moderates medicinal properties, and enhances clinical efficacy. However, modern scientific research has given it limited attention, and many co-production methods of "solid-liquid excipients" have not been applied in production and practice. This paper reviewed the historical development of "solid-liquid excipients" co-production, outlined modern processing standards and methods in different processing schools, and further elaborated on the purposes and effects of this co-production method. This study is expected to provide references and evidence for further in-depth research, inheritance, innovation, and practical application.

[Objectives] To study and compare the processing methods of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. [Methods] Z. jujuba was processed by seven methods: cleaning, yellowish frying, burnt frying, carbonized frying, moistening by hot sand, steaming, and boiling. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of total flavonoids in each processed Z. jujuba. [Results] The content of total flavonoids measured by various processing methods was different. The content of total flavonoids in the processed Z. jujuba by moistening by hot sand was relatively high and the absorption peak spectrum was almost the same as that of the cleaned processed Z. jujuba and the rutin reference substance. [Conclusions] The moistening by hot sand is the optimal method for processing of Z. jujuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For treating spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS), atractylodis rhizoma (AR) is usually treated with bran, which is measured to enhance efficacy. Newly, we found that bran-fried AR (BFA) had benefits over raw AR in refining gut flora. However, the change about metabolism of gut flora caused by raw and BFA remains unclear. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the difference between raw and BFA acting on short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism in SDS rats, a metabolic pathway comprising gut flora. Materials and Methods: The model of SDS rats was recognized and then given raw and BFA by gavage. The serum was collected for the determination of motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), trypsin (TRY), and amylase (AMS) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The feces were collected for the determination of 7 SCFAs under selective ion monitoring mode by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Results: Raw and BFA can upsurge the levels of MTL, GAS, TRY, and AMS in the serum of SDS rats, diminution the levels of acetic acid and propionic acid, and rise the level of hexanoic acid in the feces of SDS rats, and BFA showed noteworthy activity than raw AR. Conclusion: Raw and BFA can improve the acetic acid, propionic acid, and hexanoic acid metabolism in SDS rats, and BFA was more potent than raw AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the research status of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) processing and key scientific issues to be resolved by using characteristic of TCM biological supramolecules and reaction theories of 'Qi chromatography' to human being, and then put forward the solution countermeasures. Based on the previous explications of theories of the Chinese medicine with supramolecular chemistry as 'Qi chromatograpy', biological supramolecular chemistry theory was used to explain the root of the problem in TCM processing and form the countermeasures for supramolecular chemistry research in the processing of TCM decoction pieces. TCM is a huge complex biological supramolecular body, so the processing of TCM is in view of the processing of huge complex biological supramolecular body. In nature, it is a TCM pharmaceutical technology with chemical changes of the subject and object of biological supramolecular body with or without auxiliary materials, under the condition of high temperature and high humidity. Supramolecular chemistry was throughout the processing of TCM, so the use of supramolecular technology was appropriate in research. TCM decoction pieces were the product of subject and object molecular changes after supramolecular chemistry reaction, with changes in physical and chemical properties of the subject and object molecules, such as bound water overflow, chemical bond rupture, dehydration, carbonization, and reaction with auxiliary materials. Changes in drug property and drug efficacy after processing depended on the degree of subject and object "imprinting template" change, which can be measured by 'Qi chromatography' function of supermolecular imprinting template in human body. In this paper, the research ideas, methods, variety attribution, processing principle, quality standard and clinical application were analyzed to find out the sticking point of the problems, and form the countermeasures with supramolecular chemistry as the core. The processing of TCM is a chemical technology of biological supramolecular body based on the function of supermolecular 'imprinting template' (medical element) of human meridian-viscera, and its reaction products (decoction pieces) showed determinacy when used alone and compatibility when used together, which may constitute a compatible drug delivery system of TCM in clinical application., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)