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To design an automatic harvesting machine for hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), physical and mechanical properties of hydroponic lettuce were investigated and analyzed. Moisture content of stem, root and leaf, geometric characteristics, pulling force, and root cutting force were studied for harvesting hydroponic lettuce. The pulling force was examined by a tensile experiment, while the root cutting force was investigated by a shear experiment on the electronic universal testing machine. The moisture content of hydroponic lettuce was obtained by direct drying. Experiment data were processed using regression analysis and mathematical statistics method. A regression equation and the law of numerical distribution were obtained. The results showed that the geometric size of different hydroponic lettuce had little difference, and the distribution of physical parameters was concentrated. Moisture content was found statistically similar in stem and root (around 91%), while the highest moisture content was found in the leaf of 95.73%. The root cutting force decrease with the increase of cutting speed and decrease with the cutting position move downward. The minimum average root cutting force in the experiment was 1.41 N. The average pulling force was 13 N. This study provides adequate theoretical support for the design of the automatic harvesting machine of hydroponic lettuce.

Pickett, CW, Nosaka, K, Zois, J, and Blazevich, AJ. Relationships between midthigh pull force development and 200-m race performance in highly trained kayakers. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2853-2861, 2021-While increased lower-limb force production during kayaking has been shown to be related to increased boat velocity, poor relationships between maximal deadlift test performances and 200-m race time have been observed previously. This discrepancy may result from either a lack of movement pattern or temporal force production specificity between the test and kayak paddling. The isometric midthigh pull (MTP) test is commonly used in strength testing and quantifies temporal and peak force production, with the lower limbs positioned in a more kayak-specific manner than the deadlift test. Midthigh pull force data collected from 11 high-level kayak athletes were analyzed for both reliability and correlations with 200-m race time and deadlift isoinertial strength 3 repetition maximum (3RM). Strong consideration was given to the collection, processing, and analysis of the MTP data, which markedly affected the study results. Correlations between race time and MTP peak force and rates of force development were poor to moderate (r = -0.49 to 0.07). Strong to very strong relationships (r = 0.66-0.79) were found between forces developed early in the MTP (0.15 seconds) and deadlift 3RM strength tests but were poor for later time-specific force development (r ≤ 0.12). However, poor reliability was found for force measured up to ≤0.25 seconds from the point of force onset (intraclass correlation coefficient0.8). Owing to the relatively weak relationships with 200-m race time, and the large variability of the data, it may not be wise to include the MTP in the testing and training of 200-m kayak athletes.

Australian Merino wool is well-known in the wool market for its top quality, and the bulk of it is used in apparel where softness is a key factor for consumers. However, the ethical issue of mulesing is driving textile manufacturers and retailers to purchase non-mulesed wool from other sources instead of Australian mulesed wool. Australian Soft Rolling Skin (SRS) wool, grown on non-mulesed sheep, has been perceived to have a softer handle than ordinary Merino (OM) of the same diameter. In this research, three different methods were deployed to objectively compare the softness of SRS and OM wool. The force required to pull a bundle of clean wool through a series of parallel pins, that is, the pulling force, was used to evaluate the combined effect of fiber bending rigidity and surface friction. SRS wool resulted in lower pulling force than OM wool, with a difference of 15 cN/ktex (approximately 12.5%). According to the Resistance to Compression test results, SRS wool (4.5–5.7 kPa) was easier to compress than OM wool (5.4–6.5 kPa). The modified Resistance to Compression method showed different compression profiles for the two types of wool, and the slope of the decreasing curve (SDC) was used to study the softness property, with lower SDC values representing softer handle. These results confirm that over a fixed diameter range the SRS wool was more compressible and flexible, and this should result in a softer handle for clothing made from the fiber.

The spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulting in a global pandemic with around four million deaths. Although there are a variety of nucleic acid-based tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2, these methods have a relatively high cost and require expensive supporting equipment. To overcome these limitations and improve the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, we developed a microfluidic platform that collected serum by a pulling-force spinning top and paper-based microfluidic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative IgA/IgM/IgG measurements in an instrument-free way. We further validated the paper-based microfluidic ELISA analysis of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgA/IgM/IgG antibodies from human blood samples as a good measurement with higher sensitivity compared with traditional IgM/IgG detection (99.7% vs 95.6%) for early illness onset patients. In conclusion, we provide an alternative solution for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in a portable manner by this smart integration of pulling-force spinning top and paper-based microfluidic immunoassay.

Split sleeve cold expansion (SSCE) is a crucial cost-effective process to improve the fatigue life of metallic structures with holes in the aerospace industry. In this study, the effects of the workpiece material’s yield strength (290.9 MPa to 377.8 MPa) and the applied SSCE expansion percentage (3.330% to 4.377%) on mandrel pulling force and residual stresses were investigated numerically for aluminum 2024-T351. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate the SSCE process using a commercial FE software, ABAQUS. The model geometries, material non-linearities, and contact conditions were adopted according to aerospace industrial applications’ standards. After the numerical model was validated with the published data, a parametric study with variable material properties and expansion percentage was conducted using the FE model. Our parametric study shows that an increase in both the Al workpiece’s yield strength and SSCE expansion percentage can improve the induced residual stresses in the hoop direction around the cold expanded hole; however, the workpiece’s yield strength has a higher impact on the residual stress field. The in-process pulling force during the SSCE process increases with increasing workpiece yield strength and expansion percentage.

The pulling translocation of a polymer globule through a nanopore is simulated by using the Langevin dynamics method. The head of the polymer is pulled with a constant pulling force or with a constant pulling speed. The scaling relations between the polymer translocation time τ and polymer length N and between τ and the pulling force F/speed v are investigated. For translocation induced by a constant pulling force, we obtain τ ~F−β with β = 0.88 at large pulling forces and τ ~Nα for long polymer chains. However, the exponent α is dependent on the intrapolymer interaction strength. For the translocation induced by a constant pulling speed, we obtain τ ~v−0.92 at large pulling speeds and α = 1.24 for long polymer chains. The results show that the conformational changes of the polymer chain during translocation and the entropic and enthalpic forces due to the straight conformation at the trans side play important roles in the pulling translocation of polymer globules. Scaling relations of pulling translocation of a polymer globule through nanopores is studied by using the Langevin dynamics simulations. Under a constant pulling force, the scaling exponent is dependent on the intrapolymer interaction strength. Whereas under a constant pulling speed, it is independent of the intrapolymer interaction strength for sufficiently long polymer chains. The conformational changes of the polymer chain during the translocation and the entropic and enthalpic forces due to the straight conformation at the trans side play important roles on the pulling translocation of a polymer globule.

The energy-power parameters of applying a periodic profile to a remaking bars are determined. For the considered sizes of calibers, the maximum value of the forces acting on the rollers, as well as the values of the required pulling force, are established. The influence of the depth of dents of the profile on the bearing capacity of high-strength reinforcing steel is studied. It was experimentally established that after applying the profile and stabilization, the loss of the bearing cross section of reinforcing steel by 5.0 % is compensated by an increase in Rm and R0.2. The proposed methodological approach based on the modeling of the technological process and the assessment of the complex of its parameters allows you to design equipment for profiling the remaking bars, integrated into the common line of the stabilization section together with the pulling device.

Pakistan has been hosting Afghan refugees for almost four decades. These refugees are a burden on resources of country, hence Pakistan introduced repatriation of refugees with assistance of humanitarian organizations, but desired success not yet achieved. This study focused on "An analysis of economic factors influencing repatriation of the Afghan refugees from Pakistan”, therefore, utilized cross-sectional design to measure association between economic factors and expatriation. Study applied quantitative survey method to collect data through questionnaire. The simple random technique used to approach samples in population. Variables measured by the items selected from four different instruments. Data were analyzed with regression using SmartPLS. The results explored that productivity, labour market integration and access to shelter as indicators of economic factors for Afghan refugees in Pakistan are significantly associated with expatriation in presence of the mediating variable (economic well-being). Hence, a pull force of economic factors in Pakistan attracts them to stay in host country and avoid repatriation to homeland.

Aiming at the clogging problems encountered in the operation of deep-hole gates in high water level reservoirs and dams, this paper carried out a model test study on the influence of different materials and different siltation environments on the lifting of the gates and analyzed the rules of the effects of blockages in different siltation environments. An analysis model of the pull-out force of the gate (blocked object) considering the siltation environment was proposed in an innovative way and the similarity ratio relationship was verified. The results of the study show that (1) the size and time of the siltation and other factors have a significant influence on the pulling force of the blocked object. It increases with the increase of the siltation area. The longer the siltation goes on, the greater the pulling force will be. (2) As the similarity ratio n increases, the calculation result of the analysis model is closer to the target value n 2 and it indicates that the theoretical model is reliable. The research results of this paper can provide certain guidance for deep-hole siltation dispatch to ensure project safety.

The micro-electrical discharge machining process is hindered by low material removal rate and low surface quality, which bound its capability. The assistance of ultrasonic vibration and magnetic pulling force in micro-electrical discharge machining helps to overcome this limitation and increase the stability of the machining process. In the present research, an attempt has been made on Taguchi based GRA optimization for µEDM assisted with ultrasonic vibration and magnetic pulling force while µEDM of SKD-5 die steel with the tubular copper electrode. The process parameters such as ultrasonic vibration, magnetic pulling force, tool rotation, energy and feed rate have been chosen as process variables. Material removal rate and taper of the feature have been selected as response measures. From the experimental study, it has been found that response output measures have been significantly improved by 18% as compared to non assisted µEDM. The best optimal combination of input parameters for improved performance measures were recorded as machining with ultrasonic vibration (U1), 0.25 kgf of magnetic pulling force (M1), 600 rpm of tool rotation (R2), 3.38 mJ of energy (E3) and 1.5 mm/min of Tool feed rate (F3). The confirmation trail was also carried out for the validation of the results attained by Grey Relational Analysis and confirmed that there is a substantial improvement with both assistance applied simultaneously.

HighlightsA practical cam disc comb-type chrysanthemum picking machine was developed.A three-dimensional model of the picking machine was designed in SolidWorks.The working principle and motion trajectory of the picking comb teeth were analyzed.The best working parameters of the picking machine were obtained with field tests.Abstract. Aiming at the problems of labor, picking efficiency, and mechanization, a small practical cam disc comb-type chrysanthemum picking machine was designed. The picking machine, mainly composed of a wheeled frame, power transmission system, cam disc, picking comb, and cleaning comb sleeve, uses the pulling force of comb teeth to pick chrysanthemum flowers. The comb teeth rotate on a central shaft, and their swing angle is determined by a groove on the cam disc. One rotation of the comb teeth completes the process of picking, lifting, and unloading. In this study, the parameters of the cam profile were designed using an analytical method. To ensure reliability of the components, the trajectory of the comb teeth and their structure and motion parameters were analyzed, and the conditions for picking chrysanthemums were determined. The physical parameters of chrysanthemum plants were measured, and a prototype picking machine was built. Field tests were conducted using the comb rotational speed, comb teeth spacing, and comb working depth as the test factors and the picking rate, impurity rate, breakage rate, and drop rate as the evaluation indexes. The effects of each factor and the interaction of any two factors on the picking effectiveness were obtained. The test results suggested that the most effective harvesting was achieved when the comb rotational speed was 40 rpm, the comb teeth spacing was 8 mm, and the comb working depth was 200 mm. With these parameters, the picking rate was 93.28%, the breakage rate was 1.21%, the impurity rate was 8.38%, and the drop rate was 6.61%. The prototype machine achieved good picking effectiveness, and this study provides a technical foundation for the realization of mechanized chrysanthemum harvesting. Keywords: Cam, Chrysanthemum, Comb teeth, Motion track, Picking machine.

Aims: To design a mechanical transplanting mechanism for tissue culture banana plantlets, physical and mechanical properties such as mass, height of plantlet, pseudostem height from tray to first leaf, pseudostem diameter between root plug and first leaf, root plug dimension, moisture content of root plug, pulling force and compression resistance are needed. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, AEC&RI, Kumulur, Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, AEC&RI, Coimbatore and Post-Harvest Technology Centre, Coimbatore between August 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: For three local varieties used by the farmers to culivate tissue culture banana namely ‘Grand Naine-G9’ (AAA), ‘Red Banana’ (AAA) and ‘Nendran’ (BAA), physical and mechanical properties were studied. Results: ‘G9’, ‘Red Banana’ and ‘Nendran’ were 120.5±12.3, 117.2± 9.0 and 113.5±9.0 g mass and 379.3±21.72, 360±26.23, 467.6±13.06 mm height, pseudostem diameter near root plug was observed as 10.7 ± 1.0, 10.2 ± 0.8 and 10.9 ± 1.4 mm respectively. The height of pseudostem till the first leaf was minimum for ‘Red’ variety (37.1±4.3 mm), maximum for ‘Nendran’ (102.1±2.3 mm). The pulling force for three varieties were observed as 4.96±2, 4.97±1.1 and 5.05±1.6 N with little difference in-between them. The minimum compressive resistance offered by the three varieties are 47.16 ± 3.08, 46.42 ± 5.43 and 38.55 ± 1.86 N near the base and 44.07 ± 2.55, 37.89 ± 6.6 and 32.36 ± 1.58 N at 25 mm above root plug for ‘G9’, ‘Red’ and ‘Nendran’ respectively. Conclusion: The maximum plantlet weight was observed as 132.8 mm for ‘G9’ variety and plantlet height as 480 mm for ‘Nendran’ variety. The minimum height of pseudostem till the first leaf was 31 mm for ‘Red’ variety and picking gripper height should be less than 30 mm. The minimum pulling force should be 7 N to remove the plantlet from the pro-tray and force applied by the gripper to hold the plantlet on pseudostem shouldn’t exceed 30 N.

Ubi kayu (singkong) yang biasa ditanam petani di Kelurahan Borong Loe Kecamatan Bonto Marannu Kabupaten Gowa adalah ubi kayu (singkong) lokal. Waktu yang diperlukan dari proses penanaman sampai dengan ubi kayu siap dipanen ± 6-7 bulan. Hasil panen singkong di jual untuk berbagai kebutuhan seperti sebagai salah satu bahan makanan yang cukup penting sebagai sumber asupan karbohidrat. Proses pemanenan yang digunakan oleh petani saat ini adalah masih menggunaan cara manual yaitu dengan mencabut dengan tangan. sehingga memerlukan waktu yang lama dan tenaga yang lebih dalam melakukan pencabutan umbi. Belum adanya alat atau teknologi yang digunakan dalam malakukan pemanenan ubi kayu (singkong), sehingga penggunaan tangan untuk proses pemanenan menyebabkan petani ubi kayu tersebut mudah mengalami kelelahan dan keluhan tangan yang sakit. Berdasarkan uraian diatas untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi petani, maka diperlukan system mekanisasi peralatan untuk mencabut singkong dari dalam tanah. Melalui Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Unhas- Program Kemitraan Masyarakat, maka dirancang dan dibuat teknologi tepat guna berupa alat pencabut singkong dengan system mekanisasi untuk memudahkan petani Kelurahan Borong Loe Kab. Gowa dalam memanen hasil kebun singkongnya. Dari hasil penelitian dan pengukuran gaya angkat dilapangan yang telah dilakukan pada uji coba alat tersebut mampu merubah gaya tekan dari tangan operator sebesar 334.49 N menjadi gaya angkat/tarik sebesar 2000 N.

Understanding the physical properties of dust aggregates is of great importance in planetary science. In this study, we revisited the sticking property of submillimetre-sized aggregates. We revealed that the "effective surface energy" model used in previous studies underestimates the critical pulling force needed to separate two sticking aggregates. We also derived a new and simple model of the critical pulling force based on the canonical theory of two contacting spheres. Our findings indicate that we do not need to consider the "effective surface energy" of dust aggregates when discussing the physical properties of loose agglomerates of submillimetre-sized aggregates., 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Key points It is unclear whether the visual input that accompanies a perturbation of a standing person can affect whether a recovery step is taken. Visual motion speeds were manipulated during unexpected forward and backward shoulder pulls. Visual motion that appeared slower than actual body motion reduced the initial in-place resistance to the perturbation. As a result of the modulation of the in-place response, less pull force was needed to trigger a step when visual velocity appeared slower than normal. The visuomotor postural response occurred earlier and was larger when the full-field visual input was paired with a mechanical perturbation. Abstract The present study aimed to determine how visual motion evoked by an upper body perturbation during standing affects compensatory postural responses. This was investigated by rotating the visual field forwards or backwards about the ankle, time-locked to a forwards or backwards shoulder pull. Kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic responses were recorded to a range of pull forces over 160 trials in 12 healthy adults (mean ± SD = 31 ± 5.8 years). Stepping threshold forces and in-place postural responses were compared between conditions. When the visual field moved in the same direction as the pull, so that the apparent velocity of the body was reduced (SLOW condition), the pull-force required to induce a step was less than when the visual field either rotated in the opposite direction (FAST) or was unaltered (NATURAL). For in-place responses, the body was displaced further in the direction of the pull in the SLOW condition. This was the result of a reduction in the resistive force from lower leg muscles 130 ms after the visual motion onset. In trials with no pull, the visual motion induced postural responses that were later (290 ms) and had smaller amplitudes compared to when visual motion is paired with an unexpected perturbation of the body. The results suggest that the apparent speed of the visual environment during a perturbation does influence whether a compensatory step is taken, not via a direct effect on the decision to step but by modulating the initial in-place response.

Winching is a common practice for extracting logs in forest operations; however, it requires significant physical effort by humans to pull-out the cable to the felling site. The aim of this study w...

Electroslag casting (ESC) is an important method to produce high quality castings. In this study, the ESC up-pulling inner mold method (EUPIM) was used to produce hollow cylindrical castings with the multiple consumable electrodes. The radial deformation, the axial and radial internal stress of the inner mold, and the axial internal stress of the slag shell were analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) with the aid of ANSYS software. The ProCAST software was used to calculate the specific heat, heat conductivity and density curve of Cu. Simulation results show that the radial deformation, the axial and radial internal stress of the inner mold, and the axial internal stress of the slag shell near the slag-metal interface of hollow cylndrical casting gradually increase from 0 s to 360 s after the ESC starting (slagging) process but before applying the up-pulling force. The suitable initial up-pulling moment of the inner mold is at around 180–198 s after the starting process.

In this study, we focus on flexible manipulators made of silicone. In conventional works, various flexible manipulators have been proposed. Usually, these manipulators are driven by air pressure. By expanding some parts of a finger, pushing force is generated to bend the finger. In contrast, most real creatures use a pulling force to move their bodies. In our previous works, we developed a flexible manipulator using pulling mechanism that generate octopus-like behavior. However, advantages of the pulling mechanism were not demonstrated enough. In this paper, to confirm the advantages of the proposed pulling mechanism, we develop two manipulators of the same size: one uses the conventional pushing mechanism, and the other uses the proposed pulling mechanism. The goal of this study is to explore the advantages of the developed manipulator with the pulling mechanism by comparing it to the conventional manipulator with the pushing mechanism. Experiments are conducted to compare their adaptive behaviors.

The theory to predict cable pulling forces during installation in pipes has already existed for 7 decades. Here, gravity and capstan friction are ruling, and analytical equations are used f...

To enjoy fishing indoors, we study a hardware-type fishing simulator that employs a real fishing rod. In this paper, as the first step of our research, we develop a pull force acquisition system and a winding system that consists of a motor, reel, and controller. The pull force acquisition system obtains an actual fish pull force. The time variation of the pull force represents the pull pattern of the fish. We show that the winding system can reproduce a pull pattern similar to the original pull pattern obtained at the pull force acquisition system. A lot of pull pattern of fish has to be acquired to represent a specific pull pattern to the fish species. It is inefficient to obtain them with fieldwork. We use a variational auto encoder (VAE) to generate multiple pull patterns similar to the original pull pattern. Here we assume that the fish species-specific pull pattern maintains its rough shape of movements. Simulation results showed that VAE generated multiple pull patterns roughly maintaining the original shape.

Road conditions during wintertime in northern Norway frequently cause problems for heavy haulers transporting goods. The trucks often experience difficulties when traveling uphill or downh...

We demonstrate how recently developed Boxed Molecular Dynamics (BXD) and kinetics [D. V. Shalashilin et al., J. Chem. Phys. 137, 165102 (2012)] can provide a kinetic description of protein pulling experiments, allowing for a connection to be made between experiment and the atomistic protein structure. BXD theory applied to atomic force microscopy unfolding is similar in spirit to the kinetic two-state model [A. Noy and R. W. Friddle, Methods 60, 142 (2013)] but with some differences. First, BXD uses a large number of boxes, and therefore, it is not a two-state model. Second, BXD rate coefficients are obtained from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. BXD can describe the dependence of the pulling force on pulling speed. Similar to Shalashilin et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 165102 (2012)], we show that BXD is able to model the experiment at a very long time scale up to seconds, which is way out of reach for standard molecular dynamics.

Snails offer successful attachment and locomotion on horizontal and vertical surfaces, and have inspired extensive research to develop artificial adhesives. Here, we experimentally investigate the response mechanisms of snails to mechanical signals (pull-off force and crawling angle), then propose a way to design a bioinspired sucker, and theoretically analysis its application in vacuum suction. The experimental results indicate that the pull-off force is 7 N, about 22 times of its weight, and relatively invariant across the angles of the substrate. The flexible body increases work consumption by stretching and deformation during pulling, and a cavity with negative pressure differential can exist at the interface to help resist the pulling. We extract the flexible body and formation of a negative pressure cavity at the contact interface as two key elements of the bioinspired sucker, and the analysis shows that it can be adaptable to an extend range of products compared with conventional vacuum suction, which illustrates the potential for industrial or robotic manipulation.

Clinical relevance: Traumatic globe luxation is rare vision-threatening event. Besides causing loss of vision in traumatised eye, it may also cause injury to contralateral optic nerve. Any such limitation in a one-eyed patient can make him crippled in his day-to-day activities. Here we hypothesise cause of contralateral field defect in such patients.Background: Traumatic globe luxation is a rare event that leads to profound vision loss due to injury of the ipsilateral optic nerve and rarely a visual field defect in the contralateral eye. Through this communication, we report similar case scenarios and intend to hypothesize the mechanism that results in the occurrence of the contralateral visual field defect.Methods: It is a retrospective, observational study. All cases with traumatic globe luxation were enrolled. Visual field analysis of the contralateral normal eye was main outcome measure.Results: Four patients with traumatic globe luxation and optic nerve injury were studied. There was complete loss of vision in the traumatised eye in all the patients. One patient had complete transection of the optic nerve, whereas in three patients, the course of the optic nerve was intact, on imaging. Three patients had quadrantanopia in the contralateral normal eye for which oral steroids were given. At 1-month follow-up, there was complete recovery of the visual field defect in two patients. We noticed that all the three patients with an intact course of the ipsilateral optic nerve had quadrantanopia in the contralateral normal eye.Conclusion: We hypothesize that in scenarios where globe luxation is associated with incomplete transection or no transection of the optic nerve, a continuous long standing stretch on the optic nerve, transmits the pulling force to the chiasma which might result in a contralateral field defect as compared to those associated with the complete transection of the optic nerve.

Friction rock bolts or stabilizers have been tested and compared with conventional prestressed mechanical bolts by the Mining Division of the Norwegian Institute of Technology during the periode 1979–1982. Practical tests including convergence measurements and pull tests have been carried out in three different mines. Both Split sets and Swellex bolts have been investigated. Convergence measurements show that Split Set bolted sections of drifts have slightly higher convergence than conventionally bolted sections. Pull out tests show that the pull force needed for Swellex bolts is at least three times that of Split Sets. Bit diameter wear creates considerable problems with the installation of Split Sets as the hole diameter becomes too small. This has in turn made it difficult to get the systems accepted by the miners. The Swellex system is virtually independent of the hole diameter within quite large limits, and the system was much easier accepted by the miners. Systematically friction bolted roof sections seem to be fully equivalent to or even better than conventionally bolted sections.

A newly developed prototype of a soft cable-driven elbow exoskeleton for lifting and lowering of loads was developed. To identify potential harmful forces within the elbow joint, an analysis was conducted with biomechanical simulation. To analyze the effect of the exoskeleton on the human body, biomechanical simulations were conducted on the prototype to assess the joint reaction forces during a lifting task with and without the soft elbow exoskeleton. To reduce these forces, the optimal way to attach the cables for generating the moment around the elbow needs to be identified using biomechanical simulation. First results show that in average the load on the elbow joint is reduced while wearing the exoskeleton compared to lifting 5 kg without any assistance. A large distance between the lower arm and the attachment point in ventral direction is very beneficial, due to the introduction of another lever arm into the system. Especially if the elbow is fully stretched, whereas the pulling force vector would go parallel to the arm. With the implementation of the lever arm, the load on the elbow is lower for any position of the arm.