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Preservation techniques that maintain the viability of an organ graft between retrieval from the donor and implantation into the recipient remain a critical aspect of solid organ transplantation. While traditionally preservation is accomplished with static cold storage, advances in ex vivo dynamic machine perfusion, both hypothermic and normothermic, have allowed for prolongation of organ viability and recovery of marginal organs effectively increasing the usable donor pool.However, the use of these novel machine perfusion technologies likely exposes the recipient to additional infectious risk either through clonal expansion of pathogens derived during organ recovery or de novo exogenous acquisition of pathogens while the organ remains on the machine perfusion circuit. There is a paucity of high‐quality studies that have attempted to quantify infection risk, although it appears that prolonging the time on the machine perfusion circuit and normothermic parameters increases the risk of infection. Conversely, the use of ex vivo machine perfusion unlocks new opportunities to detect and treat donor‐derived infections before implantation into the recipient.This review seeks to reveal how the use of ex vivo machine perfusion strategies may augment the risk of infection in the organ recipient as well as outline ways that this technology could be leveraged to enhance our ability to manage donor‐derived infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joseph Conrad's 'Karain: A Memory' (1897) is not often cited as a landmark of literary modernism. Conrad's Malay story appeared during the year in which The Nigger of the 'Narcissus' announced his arrival as an author with modernist ambitions. It also belongs to the same Blackwood's period of his early career that produced arguably his most celebrated work, 'Heart of Darkness'. Whereas these stories consensually exemplify Conrad's modernism, 'Karain' tends to be construed as an early working-through of the contemporary popular influences that shaped his literary output. Yet, in a significant sense, it also dramatizes the colonial encounter that defined some of the conceptual contours of modernism. This essay explores the story's composition, early transmission and reception, its self-conscious engagement with its popular cultural lineage, and Conrad's parallel emergence as a writer of 'challenging' fiction. Its aim is not merely to recuperate 'Karain' as a work of early modernism, nor simply to re-evaluate Conrad's story as a rehearsal, in terms of its interrogative relationship with imperialism, for some of his more overtly anti-colonialist fiction. Rather, its wider focus is on how Conrad's story reflects upon the nature of empire and modernism as mutually sustaining enterprises, and, counter to the view of other modernist authors such as T. S. Eliot, how colonial fiction and modernist writing are not antithetical but rather interrelated literary practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

mexCD - oprJ is an envelope stress-inducible multidrug efflux operon of P seudomonas aeruginosa. A gene encoding a homologue of the NfxB repressor of this operon, PA4596, occurs downstream of oprJ and was proposed as a second repressor of this efflux operon. Inactivation of this gene had no impact on mexCD - oprJ expression in cells not exposed to envelope stress although its loss under envelope stress conditions yielded a > 10-fold increase in mexCD - oprJ expression. Consistent with PA4596 functioning as a mexCD - oprJ repressor, the purified protein was able to bind to a DNA fragment carrying the mexCD - oprJ promoter region. Expression of PA4596 was induced under conditions of envelope stress dependent on the AlgU envelope stress sigma factor, consistent with PA4596 operating under envelope stress conditions where it possibly serves to moderate envelope stress-inducible mexCD - oprJ expression. nfxB mutants showed elevated PA4596 expression and purified NfxB bound to DNA encompassing the PA4596 upstream region, an indication that NfxB functions as a repressor of PA4596 expression. Elimination of PA4596 in P . aeruginosa lacking nfxB and hyperexpressing mexCD - oprJ had no additional impact on mexCD - oprJ expression, regardless of the presence of envelope stress, suggesting that PA4596 repressor activity may be dependent on NfxB. This envelope stress-regulated repressor of mexCD - oprJ has been renamed esrC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the interfaces between the representation of non-European, native peoples in Joseph Conrad's 1902 short story 'The End of the Tether' and the anthropology of W. H. R. Rivers. After outlining some of the ethnographic contexts impacting on Conrad's representation of Malay indigeneity, I focus on Rivers's ideas about 'primitive vision', arguing that these ideas, drawn from fieldwork conducted in parts of the world that Conrad knew from his sea years, and current and influential when 'The End of the Tether' was first published, can be felt in the representation of the other in Conrad's tale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the future of medical education at a time when it is facing the need to accommodate the growing diverse needs of its patients. Topics discussed include the changes being adopted into medical school admissions tests like the move of the Association of American Medical Colleges to integrate psychology, sociology and behavioral science into their test and the dilemma over the discordance between quality of life and length of life.