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Microsatellite instability (MSI), caused by mismatch repair (MMR) protein defects that lead to uncorrectable mismatch bases, results in the accumulation of gene mutations and ultimately to tumors. Preoperative prediction of MSI can provide a basis for personalized and precise treatment of endometrial cancer (EC) patients.To investigate amide proton transfer weighting (APTw) imaging combined with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in the assessment of MSI in EC.Retrospective.A total of 71 patients with EC (12 classified as the MSI group and 22 as the microsatellite stabilization [MSS] group after entering and leaving the group standard).A 3.0 T/IVIM, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and APTw.Amide proton transfer (APT) value, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated and compared between MSI and MSS groups.The Kendall's W test; Mann-Whitney U-test; Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test; logistic regression analysis; Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC); The Delong test; Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients. The significance threshold was set at P 0.05.APT and D* values of the MSI group were significantly higher than those of the MSS group. While ADC, D, and f values in the MSI group were significantly lower than those in the MSS group. The multivariate analysis revealed that only APT and D* values were independent predictors to evaluate the MSI status. And the ROC curves indicated that the combination of APT and D* values could distinguish the MSI status of EC with the highest diagnostic efficacy (AUC = 0.973), even without significant difference to those by APT (AUC = 0.894) or D* (AUC = 0.920) value separately (P = 0.149 and 0.078, respectively).Combination of APTw and IVIM imaging may serve as an effective noninvasive method for clinical assessment of MSI in EC.3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Oral drugs have been widely used in clinical therapy, but their developments were severely limited by the side effects of drug exposure as well as the multiple biological barriers. In this study, we constructed a “cluster bomb” oral drug delivery system (DOX@PFeL@L100) with core-shell structure to overcome the complex absorption barriers. The inner core termed as “bomb” that contains a lot of ultra-small diameter Fe3O4 nanoparticles (DOX@PFeL NPs) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and modified with l -valine, which can efficiently penetrate the epithelial cells via PePT1 receptor mediated endocytosis. The outer shell of this “cluster bomb” is a layer of pH-sensitive polymer (Eudragit®L100) that can be served as a pH-responsive switch and effectively control the “bomb” release in the intestinal microenvironment to improve the antitumor efficiency by the Fenton like reaction of DOX and Fe2+/Fe3+. This study demonstrates that the “cluster comb” oral drug delivery system can sequentially overcome the multiple biological barriers, providing a safe and effective approach for tumor therapy.

The failure of any phase in continuous multi-link immune response process can cause unsatisfactory outcomes, which might be improved by all-cancer-immunity-cycle boosted strategy. Herein, a nanoplatform Mn/CaCO3@PL/SLC is developed, which is based on palmitoyl ascorbate (PA)-liposome (PL) loaded with Mn-doped CaCO3 nanoparticles (Mn/CaCO3 NPs) and carbonic anhydrase (CAIX) inhibitor SLC-0111. The nanoplatform comprehensively amplifies all immune stages including tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) release and presentation, T cells activation and infiltration, as well as tumor cells destruction. In detail, Mn-triggered lipid peroxidation facilitates TAAs release and subsequent T cells activation to initiate immunity cycle. Additionally, SLC-0111 and PA amplify the infiltration and tumor killing activity of these effector T cells. The former polarizes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to an immune-active phenotype and the latter enhances the function of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Importantly, Mn augments the all-immunity-cycle by promoting cGAS-STING pathway activation. In summary, the Mn/CaCO3@PL/SLC nanoplatform is verified to boost anti-tumor immunity and achieve outstanding immunotherapeutic effects in eradicating tumor and preventing tumor metastasis. Such an all-cancer-immunity-cycle boosted strategy is meaningful for antitumor immunotherapy.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies with an increasing incidence, and an accurate preoperative diagnosis of deep myometrial invasion (DMI) is crucial for personalized treatment.To determine the predictive value of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics nomogram for the presence of DMI in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I EC.We retrospectively collected 163 patients with pathologically confirmed stage I EC from two centers and divided all samples into a training group (Center 1) and a validation group (Center 2). Clinical and routine imaging indicators were analyzed by logistical regression to construct a conventional diagnostic model (M1). Radiomics features extracted from the axial T2-weighted and axial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CE-T1W) images were treated with the intraclass correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and logistic regression analysis with Akaike information criterion to build a combined radiomics signature (M2). A nomogram (M3) was constructed by M1 and M2. Calibration and decision curves were drawn to evaluate the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts. The diagnostic performance of each indicator and model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).The four most significant radiomics features were finally selected from the CE-T1W MRI. For the diagnosis of DMI, the AUCA nomogram based on MRI radiomics and clinical imaging indicators can improve the diagnosis of DMI in patients with FIGO stage I EC.

With the in-depth research of organelles, the microenvironment characteristics of their own, such as the acid environment of lysosomes and the high temperature environment of mitochondria, could be used as a natural and powerful condition for tumor therapy. Based on this, we constructed a two-step precise targeting nanoplatform which can realize the drug release and drug action triggered by the microenvironment of lysosomes (endosomes) and mitochondria, respectively. To begin with, the mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were modified with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and loaded with 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH). Then, folic acid (FA) targeted pH-sensitive liposomes containing docetaxel (Lipo/DTX-FA) were prepared by thin-film dispersion method, and the core-shell AIPH/MSN-TPP@Lipo/DTX-FA nanoparticles were constructed by self-assembly during the hydration of the liposomes. When this nanoplatform entered into the tumor cells through FA receptor-mediated endocytosis, the pH-sensitive liposomes were destabilized in the lysosomes, resulting in the release of DTX and AIPH/MSN-TPP nanoparticles. After that, AIPH was delivered to mitochondria by AIPH/MSN-TPP, and the alkyl radicals produced by AIPH under the high temperature environment can cause oxidative damage to mitochondria. Not only that, the DTX could enhance the anti-tumor effect of AIPH by downregulating the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that this delivery system could induce apoptosis based on organelles' s own microenvironment, which provides a new approach for tumor therapy.

Efficient cancer vaccines not only require the co-delivery of potent antigens and highly immunostimulatory adjuvants to initiate robust tumor-specific host immune response but also solve the spatiotemporal consistency of host immunity and tumor microenvironment (TME) immunomodulation. Here, we designed a biomaterials-based strategy for converting tumor-derived antigenic microparticles (T-MPs) into a cancer vaccine to meet this conundrum and demonstrated its therapeutic potential in multiple murine tumor models. The internal cavity of T-MPs was employed to store nano-Fe3O4 (Fe3O4/T-MPs), and then dense adjuvant CpG-loaded liposome arrays (CpG/Lipo) were tethered on the surface of Fe3O4/T-MP through mild surface engineering to get a vaccine (Fe3O4/T-MPs-CpG/Lipo), demonstrating that co-delivery of Fe3O4/T-MPs and CpG/Lipo to antigen presenting cells (APCs) could elicit strong tumor antigen-specific host immune response. Meanwhile, vaccines distributed in the TME could reverse infiltrated tumor-associated macrophages into a tumor-suppressive M1 phenotype by nano-Fe3O4, amazingly induce abundant infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and transform a "cold" tumor into a "hot" tumor. Furthermore, amplified antitumor immunity was realized by the combination of an Fe3O4/T-MPs-CpG/Lipo vaccine and immune checkpoint PD-L1 blockade, specifically inhibiting ∼83% of the progression of B16F10-bearing mice and extending the median survival time to 3 months. Overall, this study synergistically modulates the tumor immunosuppressive network and host antitumor immunity in a spatiotemporal manner, which suggests a general cell-engineering strategy tailored to a personalized vaccine from autologous cancer cell materials of each individual patient.

The continuing challenges that limit effectiveness of tumor therapeutic vaccines were high heterogeneity of tumor immunogenicity, low bioactivity of antigens, as well as insufficient lymph nodes (LNs) drainage of antigens and adjuvants. Transportation of

Hematologic toxicity (HT) during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for cervical cancer can lead to treatment breaks and compromise efficacy.To evaluate the association between severe hematologic toxicity (HT) and clinical factors and pelvic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) during CCRT of cervical cancer patients.Data from 120 patients with cervical cancer who were treated with CCRT from January 2016 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data (age, menopausal status, clinical stage, body mass index, chemotherapy regimen and chemotherapy cycle) of the patients were collected, and the cohort were divided into two groups based on the HT grade: HT3+ group (HT grade ≥ 3; 66 patients) and HT3- group (HT grade3; 54 patients). All patients performed MRI before CCRT, and pelvic (ilium, pubis, ischium) ADC value was measured on ADC map. The correlation between severe HT and clinical parameters and pelvic ADC value were analyzed by univariate analysis, and the diagnostic performance was further assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.In univariate analysis, the menopausal status (p = 0.012) and chemotherapy regimen (p = 0.011) were significantly correlated with severe HT in overall patients, and menopausal patients or patients receiving paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP) regimen were more likely to develop severe HT. HT3+ group showed a significantly lower pelvic ADC value than HT3- group. The ADC value cut-offs derived from our study for predicting severe HT was 0.317 × 10Severe HT was significantly associated with menopausal status and chemotherapy regimen in patients with cervical cancer treated with CCRT, and HT3+ group showed a lower pelvic ADC value.

Oral drug delivery systems (ODDSs) have attracted considerable attention in relation to orthotopic colon cancer therapy due to certain popular advantages. Unfortunately, their clinical applications are generally limited by the side-effects caused by systemic drug exposure and poor real-time monitoring capabilities. Inspired by the characteristics of pH changes of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and specific enzymes secreted by the colonic microflora, we anchored polyacrylic acid (PAA) and chitosan (CS) on Gd3+-doped mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Gd-MHAp NPs) to realize programmed drug release and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the tumor sites. In particular, the grafted PAA, as a pH-responsive switch, could effect controlled drug release in the colon. Further, CS is functionalized as the enzyme-sensitive moiety, which could be degraded by β-glycosidase in the colon. Gadolinium is a paramagnetic lanthanide element used in chelates, working as a contrast medium agent for an MRI system. Interestingly, after oral administration, CS and PAA could protect the drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) against variable physiological conditions in the GIT, allowing the drug to reach the colon tumor sites, preventing premature drug release. Enhanced drug concentrations at the colon tumor sites were achieved via this programmed drug release, which subsequently ameliorated the therapeutic effect. In addition, encapsulating both chemotherapeutic (5-fluorouracil, 5-FU) and targeted therapy drug (gefitinib, Gef) within Gd-MHAp NPs produced a synergistic therapeutic effect. In summary, this study demonstrated that such a novel drug system (Gd-MHAp/5-FU/Gef/CS/PAA NPs) could protect, transport, and program drug release locally within the colonic environment; further, this system exhibited a worthwhile therapeutic effect, providing a promising novel treatment strategy for orthotopic colon cancer.

Objectives: To investigate the value of conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in diagnosing normal-sized pelvic lymph nodes metastases in patients with cervical cancer. Methods: 102 patients with cervical cancer who underwent MRI and DWI scan were included. 137 lymph nodes were analyzed, including 44 metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) and 93 non-metastatic lymph nodes (non-MLNs). The morphology and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of lymph nodes were measured including short-axis diameter (DS), long-axis diameter (DL), ratio of short-to-long-axis diameter (DR), fatty hilum, asymmetry, ADCmax, ADCmean and ADCmin. The Mann-Whitney U-test, independent sample t-test and Chi-square test were employed to compare the differences of all criteria between MLNs and non-MLNs. Logistic regression and decision tree were used to develop the combined diagnostic model. ROC analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Results: The DS and DR of MLNs were significantly higher than those of non-MLNs (p < 0.05), the ADCmax, ADCmean and ADCmin of MLNs were significantly lower than those of non-MLNs (p < 0.05). Presence of fatty hilum and asymmetric lymph nodes between MLNs and non-MLNs were significantly different (p＜0.05). Combined measurement of ADCmin, DS and DR had the highest AUC 0.937 with 90.9% sensitivity and 87.1% specificity. The accuracy of decision tree was 88.3%. Conclusion: MRI with DWI had potential in diagnosing normal-sized pelvic lymph nodes metastases in patients with cervical cancer. The combined evaluation of DS, DR and ADCmin of lymph nodes and decision tree of the combined measure showed better diagnostic performances than sole criteria. Advances in knowledge: The short-axis diameter, ratio of short-to-long-axis diameter and ADCmin of lymph nodes have moderate value in the diagnosis of the metastases of the normal-sized lymph nodes for the patient with cervical cancer as the sole indices. The combined evaluation of DS, DR and ADCmin is much more valuable in the detection of metastatic lymph nodes.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in demonstrating the metastatic potential of primary tumor and differentiating metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) from nonmetastatic lymph nodes (non-MLNs) in stage IB1-IIA1 cervical cancer. METHODS Fifty-seven stage IB1-IIA1 subjects were included. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) parameters of primary tumors and lymph nodes and the conventional imaging features of the lymph nodes were measured and analyzed. Mann-Whitney test and χ test were used to analyze statistically significant parameters, logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the diagnostic performance of the MLNs. RESULTS Nineteen subjects had lymph node metastasis. A total of 94 lymph nodes were evaluated, including 30 MLNs and 64 non-MLNs. There were no significant difference in ADC and DCE-MRI parameters between metastatic and nonmetastatic primary tumors. The heterogeneous signal was more commonly seen in MLNs than in non-MLNs (P = 0.001). The values of ADCmean, ADCmin, and ADCmax of MLNs were lower than those of non-MLNs (P < 0.001). The values of short-axis diameter, K, Kep, and Ve of MLNs were higher than those of non-MLNs (P < 0.05). Compared with individual MRI parameters, the combined evaluation of short-axis diameter, ADCmean, and K showed the highest area under the curve of 0.930. CONCLUSIONS Diffusion-weighted imaging and DCE-MRI could not demonstrate the metastatic potential of primary tumor in stage IB1-IIA1 cervical cancer. Compared with individual MRI parameters, the combination of multiparametric MRI could improve the diagnostic performance of lymph node metastasis.

Objective: Cryoablation can directly kill tumor cells through sudden changes in temperature. It can also enhance lymphocyte function and cause distant tumor regression far from the ablation treatment area. In order to further explore the changes of immune function after cryoablation, the changes of Kupffer cells (KCs), the main immune cells in the liver, and their effects on untreated tumors in vivo were studied. Methods: Rabbit VX2 liver cancer models were constructed. The growth of liver tumors was confirmed by ultrasound after transplantation for 3 weeks. Fifteen Japanese white rabbits were divided into a tumor control group and cryoablation group. Cryoablation group was treated with cryoablation of a single or partial tumor. Histologic and immunohistochemical changes of the treatment area and untreated tumor area before and after cryoablation were observed, and the phagocytic function changes of KCs around the untreated area and treatment area were observed by electron microscopy. Results: Cryoablation areas showed necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells (including KCs), and fibrosis of tissue. The number of inflammatory cells in the unfrozen tumor area was increased in the same treated rabbit. There was a significant difference in the maximum diameter of unfrozen tumors between the frozen group and control group at 15th days after cryoablation (P0.05). Electron microscopy showed that the number of debris fragments engulfed by KCs around the tumor after cryoablation was significantly higher than that of the control group. In the same rabbit, we compared the amount of debris between tissue surrounding the unfrozen area and around the cryoablation area. There was a significant difference on the 3rd day after cryoablation, P=0.043, while there was no significant difference on the 7th day, P=0.348. Conclusion: After cryoablation, inflammatory cells aggregated around the cryoablated area. The activity of KCs had been increased and the function of phagocytosis enhanced. KCs had a certain inhibitory effect on the untreated tumor in the same animal at the early stage (within 15 days), but it was not enough to restrain the growth of the untreated tumors.

Amorphous biodegradable metal phosphate nanomaterials are considered to possess great potential in cancer theranostic application due to their promise in providing ultra-sensitive pH-responsive therapeutic benefits and diagnostic functions simultaneously. Here we report the synthesis of photosensitising and acriflavine-carrying amorphous porous manganese phosphate (PMP) nanoparticles with ultra-sensitive pH-responsive degradability and their application for a photoactivable synergistic nanosystem that imparts reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cytotoxicity in synchrony with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF1α/VEGF) inhibitor that suppresses tumor growth and treatment escape signalling pathway. Carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) is chemically anchored on the surface of porous manganese phosphate theranostic system through the pH-responsive boronate esters. Upon the stimulus of the tumor acid microenvironment, manganese phosphate disintegrates and releases Mn 2+ ions rapidly, which are responsible for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) effect. Meanwhile, the released photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) produces ROS under irradiation while acriflavine (ACF) inhibits the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway during the burst release of VEGF in tumour induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT), resulting in increased therapeutic efficacy. Considering the strong pH responsivity, MRI signal amplification and drug release profile, the PMP nanoparticles offer new prospects for tumor acidity-activatable theranostic application by amplifying the PDT through inhibiting the HIF-1α /VEGF pathway timely while enhancing the MRI effect. Statement of Significance In this study, we report the synthesis of the tumor acidity-activatable amorphous porous manganese phosphate nanoparticles and their application for a photoactivable synergistic nanosystem that imparts reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cytotoxicity in synchrony with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF-1α/VEGF) inhibitor that suppresses tumor growth and treatment escape signalling pathway. Besides, upon the stimulus of the tumor acid microenvironment, the manganese phosphate nanoparticles finally disintegrate and release Mn 2+ ions rapidly, which are responsible for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) effect. This nanoplatform is featured with distinctive advantages such as ultra pH-responsive drug release, MRI function and rational drug combination exploiting the blockage of the treatment escape signalling pathway.

Developing a smart drug delivery system with enhanced tumor retention at the tumor site, and rapid intracellular drug release promises to improve the therapeutic index and mitigate side effects. To this end, covalent phenylboronic acid (PBA)-based self-assembly nanoparticles (BNPs) consisting of pH-responsive cores and detachable poloxamer 188 shells were constructed for loading doxorubicin (DOX) in a simple process. The poloxamer 188 coating could be easily detached when the breakage of the borate ester bonds in the external nanocores was initially triggered in the tumor extracellular weak acid environment. The concealed PBA was subsequently exposed and could react with sialic acids (SA), which are overexpressed on tumor cells, and this enhanced the tumor retention effect of the fresh nanoparticle as well as facilitating the cellular uptake after removing the protective layers. Furthermore, owing to the existence of pH-responsive esters, the uptaken fresh nanoparticles could rapidly release DOX in the acidic tumor environment, which resulted in an enhanced therapeutic efficiency in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this pH dependent behaviour of DOX/BNPs provided new insights for enhanced chemotherapeutic treatment in cancer.

Background Aberrant spliced isoforms are specifically associated with cancer progression and metastasis. The cytoplasmic adaptor CRKL (v-crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog-like) is a CRK like proto-oncogene, which encodes a SH2 and SH3 (src homology) domain-containing adaptor protein. CRKL is tightly linked to leukemia via its binding partners BCR-ABL and TEL-ABL, upregulated in multiple types of human cancers, and induce cancer cell proliferation and invasion. However, it remains unclear whether signaling adaptors such as CRKL could regulate alternative splicing. Methods We analyzed the expression level of CRKL in 305 cervical cancer tissue samples available in TCGA database, and then selected two groups of cancer samples with CRKL differentially expressed to analyzed potential CRKL-regulated alternative splicing events (ASEs). CRKL was knocked down by shRNA to further study CRKL-regulated alternative splicing and the activity of SR protein kinases in HeLa cells using RNA-Seq and Western blot techniques. We validated 43 CRKL-regulated ASEs detected by RNA-seq in HeLa cells, using RT-qPCR analysis of HeLa cell samples and using RNA-seq data of the two group of clinical cervical samples. Results The expression of CRKL was mostly up-regulated in stage I cervical cancer samples. Knock-down of CRKL led to a reduced cell proliferation. CRKL-regulated alternative splicing of a large number of genes were enriched in cancer-related functional pathways, among which DNA repair and G2/M mitotic cell cycle, GnRH signaling were shared among the top 10 enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways by results from clinical samples and HeLa cell model. We showed that CRKL-regulated ASEs revealed by computational analysis using ABLas software in HeLa cell were highly validated by RT-qPCR, and also validated by cervical cancer clinical samples. Conclusions This is the first report of CRKL-regulation of the alternative splicing of a number of genes critical in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, which is consistent with CRKL reported role as a signaling adaptor and a kinase. Our results underline that the signaling adaptor CRKL might integrate the external and intrinsic cellular signals and coordinate the dynamic activation of cellular signaling pathways including alternative splicing regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5671-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Analysis of CRKL-regulated alternative splicing events in HeLa cells in cervical cancers samples (PDF 6517â kb). RNA-seq quantification of ASEs detected in 40 cervical tumor samples and HeLa cells were respectively shown in box plots (Right panel) and bar plots (Left panel). (A) The ASEs change in opposite direction responded to CRKL expression levels in 40 cervical tumor samples and HeLa cells. (B) The ASEs without change in clinical samples with different CRKL expression levels. (C) ASEs in ATM were identified to be differentially spliced between the high and low-CRKL group. This ASE are different from the one detected in HeLa cells. IGV-sashimi plots show AS changes occurred in CRKL-KD cells and control (Left panel) and the transcripts for the gene are shown below. The schematic diagrams depict the structures of ASEs, AS (purple line) and Model (green line). The exon sequences are denoted by boxes and intron sequences by the horizontal line (Top panel). RNA-seq quantification of ASEs are respectively shown in the bottom panel. The altered ratio of AS events in RNA-seq were calculated using formula in Fig. 6. (PDF 6516 kb)

Detection of the transfection efficiency (PDF 2423â kb). Green fluorescence detection of the transfection efficiency. GFP expression plasmid was co-transfected with the scramble control shRNA (left) and CRKL-targeted shRNAs (right). (PDF 2422 kb)

Explant browning is a common problem in tissue culture and has become a limiting factor in the development of kiwifruit tissue culture. The effects of different sampling time and disinfection conditions on tissue culture browning of ‘Miliang 1’ delicious kiwifruit stem segments were studied in this study. Finally, the best months of harvest and the best disinfection conditions were screened out. The results showed that the browning rate of ‘Miliang 1’ taken in April was significantly lower than other time periods, and the browning rate gradually increased with time, reaching a maximum of 33.3% in September, significantly higher than other times. There was no significant difference in the browning rate among May, June, July and August. When the disinfection treatment was 75% alcohol 10s + 0.1% mercury liter for 2 min, the number of pollution was much higher than other treatments, the disinfection treatment time was obviously insufficient. Whatmore, the longer the disinfection time, the less the number of pollution, but the more the number of browning was increased. When the disinfection treatment was 75% alcohol 30s+0.1% mercury 5min, the number of browning was significantly higher than other treatments. With the increase of alcohol and mercury treatment time, the number of explant contamination decreased, but the number of death increased significantly. Generally speaking, the final survival rate of callus induction in the treatment of 75% alcohol 20s + 0.1% mercury for 5min was significantly higher than other treatments, which was more suitable for the callus induction culture and disinfection of ‘Miliang 1’ kiwifruit.