The objective of this paper is to study the highly cited papers (papers cited more than 30 times) on antineoplastic drugs, and to provide reference for quality improvement and influence increase of journals. Bibliometric analysis of cited papers on antineoplastic drugs published between 1999 and 2018 is conducted by using the Chinese Citation Database. The results show that 4683 papers are cited 34463 times, with an average of 7.36 times per paper. The papers published in 2005, 2010 and 2009 are the most highly cited papers with 2507 (7.27%), 2424 (7.03%) and 2419 (7.02%) times, respectively. The highest number of citation is owned by the paper authored by Ding Jian which is cited 349 (1.01%) times. The most cited journal is Chinese Journal of New Drugs, which is cited 1287 (3.73%) times. The author’s affiliation with the highest citation is China Pharmaceutical University with a citation of 1252 (3.63%) times. The research fund with the highest citation which funded those studies is National Natural Science Foundation of China with a citation of 4278 (12.41%) times. The most highly cited subject is pharmacy with a citation of 12036 (34.92%) times. The main citation period of the top 20 papers is from the 2nd year to the 9th year after publication, accounting for 67.70%. The peak years of citation are the 4th year and the 5th year after publication. Among the above-mentioned top 20 papers, the first authors of 9 papers are from universities, accounting for 45.00%. There are 210 papers with a citation over 30 times for each paper, including 112 (53.33%) research papers and 98 (46.67%) review papers. The study also shows that the subjects of research papers with high citation include pharmacological experimental research, the evaluation of clinical effects, and the impact and protection of antineoplastic drugs, the number of cited papers of which are 50, 18 and 13, accounting for 23.81%, 8.57% and 6.19%, respectively. The papers with high citation frequency are those about antineoplastic drugs in pharmacological effects and mechanisms, clinical evaluation, occupational protection, adverse reactions, as well as various reviews. Editors of journal should focus to organize and absorb above ideas in selecting manuscripts to fully exploit the excellent manuscript sources, and to improve the quality and influence of journals.