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Throughout human history, cataracts have been one of the leading causes of blindness. For this disease, we studied the market of drugs of domestic and foreign production. The object of our study was the subgroup S10X Other ophthalmic drugs. Employees of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU) together with specialists of the NGO “Pharmatron” was synthesized a new compound, which was named Angiolin. A rational dosage form in the form of eye drops was proposed for the new drug. Since the drops continue to be the most common and widely used in practice dosage form. We have previously selected the optimal content of the active substance in eye drops. As is known from the technological parameters, eye drops must be isotonic, ie in their composition should be added excipients. The aim of our work is to select the concentration of excipients for the manufacture of eye drops Angiolin. Materials and methods. During the work at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of ZSMU, three solutions of eye drops Angiolin with different composition were prepared, and later the theoretical osmolarity was calculated. Results. Accurate theoretical calculation of the osmolarity of solutions containing substances with high molecular weight, complex total extracts, and highly concentrated solutions is impossible. Since the excipient was used methylcellulose, it was better to perform such a calculation experimentally, through the determination of osmolality. On the basis of the conducted researches, for correction of osmolarity, we were chosen – sodium chloride. Sodium chloride was selected at a concentration of 7.0 g/l, which creates an osmolality of the drug equal to 234.3 mosmol/kg. The estimated value at the same concentration of sodium chloride was 239.56 mosmol/l. The value of osmolarity of eye drops was calculated from it makes 302,18 mosmol/l that was confirmed the correctness of the chosen concentration of sodium chloride as a part of eye drops. Conclusions. Based on the above, we selected the concentration of excipients for the manufacture of eye drops Angiolin.

The eyes are one of the most vulnerable human organs. An important place among all traumatic injuries belongs to burns, which are characterized by a large number of adverse consequences. Today, the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine is mainly occupied by drugs of foreign origin, therefore, the urgent task of modern pharmacy is to create and expand the range of the domestic pharmaceutical market and the relative cheapness of the drug in comparison with other drugs, in a future. The employees of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU), together with specialists from NPO Pharmatron, synthesized a new compound called “Angiolin” ((S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl -5-thioacetate). The obtained compound has anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, reparative effect .A rational dosage form in the form of eye drops was proposed and created for the new drug. The aim of the work is to develop a technique for standardizing the active substance in “Angiolin” eye drops ((S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl-5-thioacetate) by spectrophotometry. Materials and methods: A certified substance of аngiolin was used in the research (manufacturer: State Enterprise “Plant of Chemical Reagents” of the Scientific and Technological Complex “Institute of Single Crystals” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, series 2451117). The spectrophotometric method for the analysis of the аngiolin substance was taken as a basis. The studies were carried out using an Optizen POP spectrophotometer, measurements were carried out at a wavelength in the range of 200–300 nm, a cuvette thickness of 10 mm. Results. Studies were performed on six series of 1% eye drops “Angiolin”, which was quantified by spectrophotometric method. It was found that the content of аngiolin in eye drops was in the range of 0.00981–0.01011 g/ml. Thus, in terms of the content of the active substance, the studied series of eye drops meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia. Subsequently, another five series of «Angiolin» eye drops were analyzed, which also met the pharmacopoeial requirements for the content of the active substance (0.00980–0.01015 g/ml). We believe that the developed method for standardizing eye drops is reproducible. Conclusion: In the research, we have developed a method for standardizing the active substance in “Angiolin” eye drops by spectrophotometry. The developed technique is reproducible, accurate, and in the future, after its validation, it can be used in the standardization of the active substance in various dosage forms.

Visual organ injuries are still one of the main causes of blindness and occupational disability. Despite the good protection of the eyeball by the bone walls of the orbit and adnexa oculi, its injuries are 5–10 % of the total number of all damages in peacetime and about 20 % in wartime. Employees of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU) together with the specialists of the SPA “Farmatron” under the supervision of professor I. A. Mazur synthesized a new compound, called Angiolin. The aim of the research is to study the anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, reparative activity of the Angiolin eye drops action during a chemical burn of the cornea rabbits modeling. Materials and methods: The pharmacological efficacy of the prepared Angiolin eye drops in concentrations: 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, 2.0 % and 2.5 % has been studied. All studies were carried out on 40 eyes of 20 Chinchilla breed rabbits of both sexes weighing 2.1–3.5 kg. The chemical burn model was reproduced according to the Obenberger method using 10 % sodium hydroxide solution (application of8 mm blotting paper), exposure time 20 seconds, after preliminary installation anesthesia with 0.5 % Alcaine solution. Results. Based on experimental data, it can be noted that Angiolin eye drops in concentrations: 1.0 %, 1.5 %, 2.0 %, 2.5 % show almost the same pharmacological activity, and 1 % Angiolin eye drops were the most effective, that gives us the opportunity for further study. Conclusions. Angiolin eye drops exhibit high anti-inflammatory, wound healing, reparative activity in the treatment of eye burn. As a result of the study, it was found that 1 % of Angiolin eye drops turned out to be the most effective. The obtained results are an experimental rationale for further study of 1 % Angiolin eye drops.

Spontaneous electrical activity of myometrium was studied in areas of the uterine corpus, zone of its connection with uterine tube and cervix at intravenous administration of various acetylcholine concentrations. Under these conditions, changes of the frequency and amplitude characteristics of rhythmogenesis were studied both separately and in their combined active state. The presence of 10(-3) M acetylcholine in the animal blood creates the most optimal conditions for synchronization and coordination of activities of all studied uterus areas.

The work studies effects of various doses of oxytocin (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 microg/kg) on duration of discharges of spontaneous electrical activity and frequency of spikes in various parts of uterine tubes and of uterine body of non-pregnant rats. Under these conditions, changes in these parameters for ovarian parts of the uterine tubes had similar character unlike those in cervical parts of the tubes and in the middle part of the uterine body, so the latter parts can be grouped together owing to peculiarities of their changes. The longest duration of genesis of electric discharges has been shown for the ovarian part of uterine tubes at a concentration of 10 microg/kg of oxytocin. Morphological experiments revealed that among all studies areas the ovarian parts of uterine tubes were characterized by the highest amount of atypical cells that have the maximally pronounced functional activity.

The effects if different concentrations of oxytocin (10(-2), 10(-1), 1 and 10 microg/kg) on burst duration and spikes frequency of spontaneous electrical activity in various parts of uterine horns and uterine corpus in non-pregnant rats have been shown. The changes in given parameters for ovarian parts of horns had similar characters unlike cervical parts of horns and middle part of uterine corpus under these conditions, so the last mentioned areas could be grouped together by the reason of similar changes in their parameters. Oxytocin in a concentration of 10(-1) microg/kg promoted the longest duration of spike electrical activity genesis in ovarian parts of horns. Morphological experiments showed that ovarian parts of horns had a great amount of atypical cells with strongly expressed functional activities.

Spontaneous electrical activities of uterine corpus, periuterine part of horn and uterine cervix in response to intravenous injections of different concentrations of acetylcholine were observed. The changes of frequency and amplitude characteristics of rhythmogenesis in these conditions, both separately and with their co-active state were analysed. Acetylcholine in concentration of 10(-3) M in the blood of the animal creates the optimal conditions for synchronization and coordination of electrical activities in the above areas of the uterus.

The work present data indicating no dependence of the pacemaker activity located in the zone of junction of cat ureter with urinary bladder on genesis of the main perirenal pacemaker. Data are presented on effect of clamping the renal artery supplying with blood flow the renal area on rhythmogenesis of the ureter perivesicular area. An inhibition of the pacemaker activity of the pyeloureteral anasomosis is observed. At the same time, no marked effect on automatism of the low organ area is revealed. Data of morphological studies of the vascular bed providing blood supply of various ureter areas are presented.

Spontaneous electrical activity of the rat ureters per bladder zone was studied. In area of ureter connection with bladder, slow-wave activity was revealed. In bladder bordering ureter zone, rapid spike activity was found that was fully correlated with the genesis of upper located fluctuation processes.

Existence of two types of uncoordinated spontaneous activities of the cat ureterbladder area was shown: spikes and slow waves. The oscillation frequency of this area is two-fold lesser than the rhythm of renal waves. The activity concordance of these pacemakers occurs under conditions of ureter dissection in the middle. Normally pacemakers of this area seem to be a reserve mechanism of urine pushing through.

Characteristics of rhythmogenic pacemakers of the ureter's perirenal middle and peribladder region morphologically and electrophysiologically are analysed in guinea pigs both in presence of spreading activity and breach of conductivity. It was shown that the action potential's amplitude of the middle region is the highest and duration of the spike activities from perirenal zone is maximal and all three regions are characterised by different functional conditions.

Guinea pig's ureter rhythmogenic autonomous latent pacemaker was shown to generate a significantly higher-frequency rhythm than the pericystic pacemaker. The latent pacemakers of the ureter middle portion can be activated with a breach of electrical conductivity across the organ or with chemical agents (noradrenaline, histamine).

The rhythm generated by the peribladder area was found to be slower than that generated by the basis perirenal pacemaker in cats and rats. The antiperistaltic waves' frequency of the peribladder area was the lowest within the range of all the recorded rhythms.

A certain concentration of Dimedrol (0.5 x 10(-6) mol/l) turned out to be capable of neutralising the histamine regulation of the slow-wave activity. The histamine H1-receptors were shown to modulate the cat general pace-maker's activity as well as the Na+ mechanism of the slow wave genesis.

Histamine increased the oscillation frequency of the slow-wave activity in the cat ureter and changed the characteristics of the AP plateau phase. A specific and sensitive to histamine electrogenic Na/Ca agent seems to take part in generation of the ureter spontaneous activity.

The duration of the AP plateau was shown to be controlled by the Na+ and Li+ ions in the solution incubating the smooth muscle of the ureter. Addition of ouabain to the sodium solution or replacement of the Na+ ions by the Li+ those shorted the plateau duration. The generation of the AP plateau seems to be due to participation of the Na(+)-Ca++ exchange mechanism.

The spontaneous activity of various zones of the guinea pig ureter was studied by means of "sucrose gap" technique. Two of these zones, perirenal and pericystic ones are pacemakers. An increase in the K+ ions amount in the medium, electric stimulation and administration of acetylcholine, histamine or noradrenaline induced rhythmic spikes in initially inactive middle regions of the ureter. At the same time, they reduced or blocked the activity of the pacemaker zones. The existence of the MP gradient along the ureter from the ends to its central regions, is discussed.

In presence of the specific Na(+)-K(+)-pump blocking agent ouabain reestablishment of spike activity of the ureter smooth muscle cells occurred, the latters having been preliminarily incubated in sodium-free solution. The reestablishment lasted not over 15 minutes. After substitution of calcium ions with barium ones, the period of the spike generation increased. The lithium ions are able to substitute the sodium ions for reestablishing the calcium action potentials. The ureter activity seems to be reestablished in sodium-free solution with participation of the Na+/Ca(++)-exchange mechanism, which is quite specific for the calcium ions.

In sodium-free Krebs solution ureter cells are able to generate action potentials. Logarithm of time, during which spikes are generated, is in proportion to the concentration of calcium ions in the surrounding medium in interval from 2.5 to 15 mmol/l. The addition of 20 mmol/l Na+ ions into the external solution is able to reestablish prolonged electrical activity of ureter. In sodium-free solution it is possible the reestablishment of short duration activity which depends on K+ ions concentration in surroundings. It is supposed that intracellular concentration of calcium ions in ureter may be regulated with the help of Na+/Ca++ exchange mechanism.