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While coding is the main element for the success of the MIMO system implementation, the communication channel is the main component that ascertains this. This paper describes the design and simulation of a 2x2, 4x4, and 8x8 MIMO system which is used exclusively in 5G mobile systems. The detection performed in such a system is near-maximum-likelihood detection. The noise added at the front end of the receiver is additive white Gaussian noise with zero mean and variance which depends upon the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while the signal is transmitted over a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel. The MIMO system operates at a much higher level of complexity to exploit the channel space-time resources. Orthogonal space-time block codes are used at the transmitter. An Image is transmitted and the received image is compared with the transmitted image and BER is calculated. This is done for varying SNRs. The whole project is performed over a front-end application where the various parameters are populated and run. This makes the simulation extremely easy for the 2x2 or 4x4 or 8x8 MIMO application with varying channel parameters. The modulation scheme used in this work is BPSK.

The financial well-being of the people living in society is pivotal essential for the country's economic development. The distribution and access to wealth played important role in the economic activities of states. Micro-financing strategies utilized globally to promote distribution and circulation of money, increase access of people living in the low quintile of economic status to the wealth. Similar to global trends, the microfinance strategy was introduced, which is a rapidly growing sector in Pakistan for the last few decades. There are more than 45 registered micro-finance institutions (both for-profit and not-for-profit) that provide services to people at the low-income level in Pakistan. The current study analyzed the level of client satisfaction between private, public, and non-government organization Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) operating at District Hyderabad of Sindh, Pakistan. The sample size of 300 clients receiving services from these MFIs, data collected by using random sampling technique on the instrument Likert Scale ranged from 1-5. The collected data processed through scientific methods factorial analysis, customer satisfaction index, and ANOVA. The results of the study presented that clients of non-government MFI are more satisfied as compared to public and private MFIs, male clients are more content to female, changes in family size and education change the level of client satisfaction, where age and monthly household income do not affect client satisfaction. In light of the study, it is recommended for MFIs to initiate client-centric policies especially in the public sector focus on the client glee in the response of services. In the micro-finance industry, female clients are the backbone; it is highly recommended to keep them in the center of attention during the development of policies to increase satisfaction levels.

Rayleigh flat-fading path in wireless-channels leads to errors, and this makes the detection task very difficult. In such cases, forward error correction (FEC) is used to provide good performance. This paper gives the testing of a QPSK-transceiver using threshold detection and FEC in the form of (8, 4) block coding-decoding. The whole system was tested by transmitting a known digital image over a flat-fading channel, and detection was performed using the threshold detection process. Very recently, the advent of programmable graphics processing units (GPUs) as excessive parallel programming system has enabled high-performance computation. NVIDIA GTX 1050 Ti GPU has been used for implementing and testing transceiver in this work. The image is transmitted over a flat-fading channel along with FEC, and the results are obtained in the form of Bit Error Rate (BER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curve. All the baseband processing is performed in the NVIDIA GPU, and some of the computation is performed in the CPU. The purpose of this paper is to show that a lot of processing time can be saved using a highly parallel computing machine, the GPU, as compared to a sequentially programming device, the CPU. The speedup is indicated in the results.

The calculation of eigenvalues (EVs) is important in the domain of complex computation and processing of matrices of a higher order. For real-time applications, to get superior performance, the architecture of EV computation comes in handy. In this paper, the authors have investigated an efficient architecture for EV computation using the Jacobi algorithm on the Xilinx Zed-Board FPGA evaluation platform, Artix-7 family. The iterative algorithm proves to be faster and more efficient in terms of area consumed in the FPGA architecture and also in terms of accuracy of the EV computation. The proposed architecture can take up to matrices of order $\mathbf{20}\ \mathbf{x}\ \mathbf{20}$ using the Jacobi algorithm. The algorithm also works for odd order matrices with few modifications in the input matrix. The architecture was implemented on Zynq-7000 xc7z020clg484-1 FPGA and it takes around 4216 LUTs out of 53200 LUTs for matrices of dimensions $\mathbf{4}\ \mathbf{x}\ \mathbf{4}$ .

Defined Radio (SDR) is an emerging field in the area of Digital Communications. The ever growing interest in SDR systems lies in the fact that it can provide multi-standard architecture. This paper describes a dynamically reconfigurable architecture of an SDR system on a Model Based Development (MBD) platform which is a new approach and saves a considerable amount of time in design, testing and implementation. In this work, four modulation schemes are chosen for this application of SDR namely BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 256-QAM. The paper describes the implementation of these four modulation / demodulation schemes on an MBD platform. The receiver in this architecture is made intelligent enough to determine which modulation scheme the transmitter is transmitting and switches on to the corresponding demodulation scheme. Finally the results obtained are presented in graphical form.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly being used in various applications such as for controlling & monitoring purposes in industrial processes. Cost effectiveness is the highly prioritized goal of communication protocols & application design for WSN. This paper discusses the development of a WSN to control & monitor Gas Turbine (GT) based Combustion Chamber (CC), which includes the design, development & implementation of a WSN for real time monitoring & controlling GT based combustion chamber system. The motive behind this work is to totally eliminate the use of control cables. It may be visualized that the sensors are placed around the periphery of the CC of the GT. The regulation of pressure & temperature is done using a radio module attached to a data acquisition board and the prototype circuits designed. Programming of the sensor nodes and the gateway is done using software. The prototype system developed is based on 2/3 voting logic for tripping the system if the temperature or pressure goes below or beyond the threshold range. This work is an initiative to save control cable costs to make gas-based power plants cost effective since no such approach has been taken regarding WSN application until now.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient multiplexing technique which is being used in many wireless communication systems. This paper describes a simple OFDM transceiver where the QPSK mapping / demapping is used and an 8-point complex IDFT/DFT blocks used for Software Defined Radio (SDR). The whole system is designed, developed and tested on a model based development platform on which design, development and testing saves considerable amount of time compared to traditional design method.

High transmission bit rate in wireless channels gives rise to severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) and this makes the detection task very challenging. In such cases, Near-Maximum-Likelihood (NML) detection gives good performance. This paper describes the Design and Testing of a QPSK transceiver using NML detection on an NVIDIA Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for Software Defined Radio (SDR) systems. Recent advances in programmable, highly parallel GPUs have enabled high performance general purpose computation. NVIDIA GPU is used for realizing this application. The data is transmitted over a frequency selective channel and experimental results are obtained. All the processing is done onto the NVIDIA GPU and the results obtained are compared for varying Signal to Noise Ratios (SNR) for different channel configurations.

Forward Error Correction (FEC) plays an important role in today's Digital Communications Systems. This paper describes the design and implementation of the FEC, the (8,4) Block Coder and 8×8 Interleaver in a Binary Phase Shift Keying Transceiver on a Model Based Development platform for a Software Defined Radio (SDR) system. Model Based Development is a new development process where the model of the communications systems is designed and developed in software such as Simulink / Matlab. Model Based Development process saves considerable amount of time in the form of design, implementation and testing.

This paper describes the design, development and implementation of Binary Phase Shift Keying Transmitter and Receiver for Software Defined Radio on a Model Based Development Platform. Model Based Development reduces the system design considerably as compared to conventional method. Advanced system design concepts including simulation, code generation and implementation / testing is presented. Software Defined Radio based framework which will be performing data processing task at the baseband stage is presented.

Bluetooth based new wireless applications can increase comfort and security by automation of the tasks earlier controlled manually. In this paper advantages of low cost, low power and robustness of Bluetooth have been exploited to propose and implement two new consumer systems in the form of a garage door opening system and an electronic attendance record system. Both the applications provide luxury of automation along with promise of a better security system and will thus be a step towards realization of a smart building environment. Bluetooth based garage door opening system helps to overcome the inconvenience to move out of the car for unlocking the door and it provides the luxury of keyless opening which is electronically controlled just by enabling the authenticated Bluetooth slave device. The other Bluetooth based application proposed and implemented in this work relates to automatic monitoring and recording of attendance of employees in an organization. Both the applications proposed and implemented in this paper offer better security, higher flexibility and lesser complexity. In this paper the applications are developed based on Bluetooth Link using Host Controller Interface and Asynchronous Connection Less (ACL) link.