Search

Present study was designed to investigate the effects of different combinations of three temperatures (20, 25 and 30℃) and three relative humidity levels (55, 65 and 75%) on the efficacy of three synthetic IGRs i.e., pyriproxyfen, lufenuron and buprofezin at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10ppm on fecundity and adult emergence inhibition of T. granarium under controlled laboratory conditions. This study was conducted at Grain Research Training and Storage management Cell, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. All the treatments were replicated three times using Completely Randomized Design. Larvae of T. granariumwere exposed to IGRs at different levels of temperature and relative humidity. F1 adult emergence results showed that at temperature 20ᵒC, the highest percent reduction in adult emergence (84.38, 70.65 and 79.94%) was recorded after exposure to lufenuron, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen treated diet, respectively. At 75% relative humidity, lufenuron, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen caused 77.53, 80.00 and 80.32% reduction in adult emergence, respectively. Adults were exposed to IGRs at different temperature and relative humidity to evaluate the oviposition inhibition. The results revealed that at temperature 20℃, maximum percent reduction in fecundity (87.95, 80.45 and 70.55%) was recorded after exposure to buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and lufenuron treated diet, respectively. At 75% relative humidity buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and lufenuron caused 86.73, 83.72 and 69.11% reduction in fecundity, respectively. It is concluded that temperature and relative humidity play an important role in the effectiveness of insect growth regulators.

The primary goal of this research is to investigate the approximate numerical solution of variational inequalities using quasimonotone operators in infinite-dimensional real Hilbert spaces. In this study, the sequence obtained by the proposed iterative technique for solving quasimonotone variational inequalities converges strongly toward a solution due to the viscosity-type iterative scheme. Furthermore, a new technique is proposed that uses an inertial mechanism to obtain strong convergence iteratively without the requirement for a hybrid version. The fundamental benefit of the suggested iterative strategy is that it substitutes a monotone and non-monotone step size rule based on mapping (operator) information for its Lipschitz constant or another line search method. This article also provides a numerical example to demonstrate how each method works.

This paper presents an enhanced algorithm designed to solve variational inequality problems that involve a pseudomonotone and Lipschitz continuous operator in real Hilbert spaces. The method integrates a dual inertial extrapolation step, a relaxation step, and the subgradient extragradient technique, resulting in faster convergence than existing inertia-based subgradient extragradient methods. A key feature of the algorithm is its ability to achieve weak convergence without needing a prior guess of the operator's Lipschitz constant in the problem. Our method encompasses a range of subgradient extragradient techniques with inertial extrapolation steps as particular cases. Moreover, the inertia in our algorithm is more flexible, chosen from the interval [ 0 , 1 ] . We establish R-linear convergence under the added hypothesis of strong pseudomonotonicity and Lipschitz continuity. Numerical findings are presented to showcase the algorithm's effectiveness, highlighting its computational efficiency and practical relevance. A notable conclusion is that using double inertial extrapolation steps, as opposed to the single step commonly seen in the literature, provides substantial advantages for variational inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to propose two new modified extragradient methods to solve the pseudo-monotone equilibrium problem in a real Hilbert space with the Lipschitz-type condition. The iterative schemes use a new step size rule that is updated on each iteration based on the value of previous iterations. By using mild conditions on a bi-function, two strong convergence theorems are established. The applications of proposed results are studied to solve variational inequalities and fixed point problems in the setting of real Hilbert spaces. Many numerical experiments have been provided in order to show the algorithmic performance of the proposed methods and compare them with the existing ones.

The primary focus of this study is how to expedite the convergence rate of the extragradient method by tactfully choosing inertial parameters and building up the step-size rule. To achieve this goal, we introduce three improvements to Korpelevich's extragradient method. These improvements include the use of dual inertial steps as well as a self-adaptive step-size rule. The proposed iterative techniques are employed for solving equilibrium problems in real Hilbert spaces. Initially, we establish the results for weak convergence of the proposed methods, assuming the involved bifunction to be both pseudomonotone and Lipschitz-type continuous. Subsequently, we demonstrate linear convergence in scenarios where the bifunction is strongly pseudomonotone and Lipschitz-type continuous. Finally, we present multiple numerical experiments to illustrate the practical effectiveness of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most significant medicinal plants used to treat numerous illnesses is Swertia chirayita. The present study demonstrated the compositional analysis of the Swertia chirayita (S. chirayita) plant using an emerging and non-destructive laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Sr, Cr, and Na were verified as necessary elements by the optical emission investigations, while Al, Ti, Si, Ba, Mn, and Li were non-essential. Using the Boltzmann plot technique with stark broadening parameters, plasma temperature and electron number density were calculated in the range of (10,000–12,000) K ±1000 K and (1.5–1.8) × 1017 cm-3, respectively. Finally, compositional analysis was carried out using calibration-free (CF-LIBS) analysis and results were compared with ICP-MS. It was observed that the concentration of Ca and Fe is higher than other detected elements. All the toxic elements are found to be within the safe limit. So, this medicinal plant can be used to cure a variety of diseases that arise due to the deficiency of these elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we provide some generalizations of the Darbo’s fixed point theorem associated with the measure of noncompactness and present some results on the existence of the coupled fixed point theorems for a special class of operators in a Banach space. To acquire this result, we define α- ψ and β- ψ condensing operators and using them we propose new fixed point results. Our results generalize and extend some comparable results from the literature. Additionally, as an application, we apply the obtained fixed point theorems to study the nonlinear functional integral equations.