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Deze studie onderzoekt de relatie tussen self-efficacy en de intensiteit van netwerkgedrag onder werkzoekenden. Specifiek wordt daarbij gekeken naar de rol van expansion-oriented reemployment crafting (EORC: het zoeken van hulpbronnen en uitdagingen) en van werkloosheidsstigma. Het onderzoeksdesign was cross-sectioneel: 170 werkzoekenden vulden eenmalig een online vragenlijst in. Resultaten laten zien dat self-efficacy positief gerelateerd is aan de intensiteit van netwerkgedrag via EORC. Daarnaast bleek, tegengesteld aan de verwachting, de positieve relatie tussen self-efficacy en EORC sterker te zijn onder werkzoekenden met een hoger (i.p.v. lager) niveau van werkloosheidsstigma. Dit onderzoek zet een eerste belangrijke stap in het onderzoeken van het belang van EORC in de relatie tussen self-efficacy en werkzoekgedrag (d.w.z. intensiteit van netwerkgedrag). Daarnaast is het een van de eerste onderzoeken die de relatie tussen werkloosheidsstigmatisering en werkzoekgedrag van werkzoekenden in kaart brengt., This study examines the relationship between self-efficacy and networking intensity among the unemployed. Specifically, the role of expansion-oriented reemployment crafting (EORC: increasing resources and challenges) and unemployment stigma are taken into account. The study had a cross-sectional design, as 170 unemployed individuals filled out an online questionnaire once. Results showed that self-efficacy was positively related to networking intensity via EORC. Moreover, unlike expected, the positive relationship between self-efficacy and EORC was stronger among those with higher (instead of lower) levels of unemployment stigma. The current study takes a first important step in examining the importance of EORC in the relationship between self-efficacy and job search behavior (i.e., networking intensity). Moreover, this is one of the first studies examining the associations between unemployment stigma and job search behavior.

The global hospitality industry is fast-turning sustainable and environmentally friendly. Behaviour-driven energy conservation is an emerging green hotel operation strategy to support this change. The long-stay accommodation services have gained momentum in the hospitality sector since the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the characteristics of long-stay hotel guests are often overlooked in sustainable interventions. Based on an empirical survey in China, this study aims to explore the factors driving energy-saving behaviours of long-stay hotel guests and to compare their effects on guests for different visiting purposes (leisure, business, and extended-stay resident). The analysis indicates that attitude, personal norm and place attachment present a direct contribution to energy-saving behaviour. Besides, the results support that attitude and personal norm connect environmental values and energy-saving behaviour. Both altruistic and biospheric values have positive effects, while egoistic values seem to play a negative role. Biospheric values have stronger impact on attitude and personal norm of business guests. Place attachment has a stronger influence on extended-stay residents while its contribution to energy-saving behaviours of business guests is smaller than other guests. Besides, leisure guests are more sensitive to moral obligations. This research sheds novel lights on the psychological perspectives of the observed heterogeneity of energy-saving behaviours of hotel guests with different visiting purposes. The findings provide hotel operators with a novel theoretical reference for targeted energy-saving interventions to promote energy-saving actions of long-term hotel guests. The study, therefore, can contribute to sustainable tourism policymaking and behaviour-driven hotel energy management.

The UNESCO label of World Heritage can attract a high number of tourists to heritage properties for their Outstanding Universal Values (OUV). Although international studies have demonstrated the World Heritage system can contribute to stimulating cultural tourism and boosting the local economy, how this heritage-led development process promotes urban conservation and morphological changes in cities is yet to be explored adequately. This paper aims to explore the urban morphology of a historic Chinese city after its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List, taking the Old Town of Lijiang as case. The methods of spatial plan analysis and discourse analysis are used to analyse the data. The research findings have demonstrated that, theoretically, the Conzenian approach of urban morphology can be an effective framework for World Heritage OUV-monitoring. Methodologically, the analysis of spatial plans and multi-stakeholder interviews can reveal local urban morphology from macro to micro levels. Case-specifically in Lijiang, urban physical characteristics and building structures have been well maintained while traditional social fabric and neighbourhood networks have almost vanished. This research has incorporated the urban morphology approach into (world) heritage management in China, as well as worldwide, in order to maintain the balance between urban conservation and economic growth.

My aim with this commentary is to discuss my vision on what will determine its impact, building on Parker and Grote (2020). To my view, digitalization and automation can contribute to stimulating and “healthy” jobs, if (a) they are designed to support people’s work, (b) people are in control and can craft their use, (c) job resources are maximized and job demands are affordable, (d) the economic growth is shared among stakeholders, including employees, and (e) authorities protect employees and employment (conditions).

Previous work has demonstrated that structural forms of empowerment tend to enhance individual and team resilience. However, there is hardly any knowledge about how structural empowerment affects organizational resilience. Moreover, a widespread (though largely untested) assumption is that, in adverse times, power and authority need to be centralized at the top to enhance organizational resilience. This paper explores the effects of empowerment on organizational resilience in an in-depth case study of a Dutch home care organization, in which employees are structurally empowered. The findings from this case study suggest that structural empowerment positively affects organizational resilience, but that this effect is contingent upon a climate of psychological safety as well as top management’s sustained commitment to structural empowerment. We move beyond the extant conceptualization of psychological safety by demonstrating its inter-level nature in the context of structural empowerment, which operates across organizational levels when employees also engage in discussions on tactical and strategic issues. Overall, this study provides an in-depth understanding of how organizations can enhance their resilience by empowering their members, thus also challenging the common wisdom about centralizing power in adverse times.

The manufacturing industry faces barriers to transitioning to a circular economy. Blockchain technology can help manufacturing supply chains overcome barriers and achieve core principles of circular economy, for example, through increased traceability of materials among network partners. However, the current literature lacks an overview of the contribution of blockchain to circular business models (CBMs) that can be used as a reference to facilitate the implementation of blockchain-based circularity solutions in manufacturing. In this study, we performed a systematic literature review to identify the studies that provide blockchain applications and use cases for CBMs in the manufacturing industry. We classified the selected articles according to the elements of networked business models, as such solutions involve multiple businesses that collaborate tightly. Our results show traceability and transparency as the central value propositions of CBM networks. We provide a classification of network actors and roles, their coproduction activities, and common benefits they gain and costs they incur to achieve the value propositions. Our results provide a better understanding of the body of knowledge on the use of blockchain for CBMs and highlight understudied points. Manufacturing companies can leverage our comprehensive classification and enumeration of CBM elements to inform and optimize the design of their own CBMs. In future work, we aim to provide more assistance to companies by developing reference blockchain CBM blueprints and applying them to CBM design to evaluate their effectiveness and utility.

TRINSEO, a leader in the sustainable plastic industry has great interest in creating a truly circular economy by focusing on the sustainable development goals. Developing and bringing dissolution-based recycling technology to its full potential is a priority project at TRINSEO, as it fits within company’s corporate sustainability commitments. Therefore, environmental impact analysis of dissolution-based recycling, especially for two strategic polymers for TRINSEO, Polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), is considered to be critical.The study highlights dissolution-based recycling as a potential technology to address an industry-wide challenge, reducing environmental impact of plastics, by allowing use of commingled waste streams for polymer recycling. It is reported here that dissolution-based recycling process which consists selective dissolution, purification and recovery of target polymers from mixed waste feedstocks has almost 80% lower energy consumption compared to production of the same polymers from fossil-based virgin raw materials. This statement holds for both polymers in concern, polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Additionally, selection of energy efficient unit operations has also been explored for further reduction potential in energy requirement of the process.

As the importance of critical minerals in facilitating the energy transition has grown, the present discussion has switched to examining 18 leading mineral resource-endowed countries for their economic and governance performance from 2002 to 2019 by employing a panel random effect model. The findings demonstrate the validity of the Pareto principle when studying mineral rents and economic development. The results confirm that mineral rents are positively related to GDP growth and governance levels measured by control of corruption. Trade volume and renewable energy consumption are also positively associated with mineral rents. The paper sheds some light on the socioeconomic and governance performance of resource-endowed countries. It provides policy suggestions for the development of critical minerals necessary for a sustainable energy transition.

The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage can contribute to sustainable development and circular economy, preventing waste production and resource depletion by extending the heritage lifespan. This reuse is limited by challenges mostly identified at the case study level. However, further theorising these challenges could enrich the related body of knowledge and contribute to their mitigation. By defining a theoretical framework, this research builds on the cross-sectional analysis of adaptive reuse undertaken in three European cities: Amsterdam, Rijeka, and Salerno. The challenges were identified by representatives of the public, private, knowledge, and non-profit sectors through stakeholder engagement workshops. Examples of challenges common to the three cities are shortcomings in existing approaches; lack of awareness and capacity; cultural heritage interpretation and management; data management; costs; conflicting interests; lack of knowledge; lack of participatory processes; and compliance with regulations and policies. Being identified in diverse European cities, these challenges can be representative within the European region. Arguably, some of these challenges also apply to other regions since they were reported in case studies from Asia, North America, and Oceania. Addressing these challenges could contribute to sustainable development by potentially contributing towards efforts to achieve ten of the Sustainable Development Goals, as some challenges align with some of these goals.

Society faces existential challenges, such as global warming, demographic change and digital innovations. Standards help solving problems and reaping opportunities. They have long been recognised as important, from technological, business, and economic perspectives, but clear evidence about their societal impact is still missing.Against this background, the XXM Partners commissioned this project to get a clearer view of how standards impact society. The project was carried out by researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology and Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University between November 2021 and November 2022. We conducted a pre-study of 48 standards, reviewed academic literature on standards’ impact and its measurement. We carried out eight in-depth case studies of particular standards with 86 expert interviews, relevant documents, and other sources. In doing so, we reached all five goals that were agreed in the project contract:Goal 1: Overview over dimensions of standards impactsSocietal impact has many dimensions, which relate, e.g., to public health, education, or the environment. Our literature review identified the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the most suitable framework for our project. The SDGs are goals, agreed upon in global consensus, on which society should focus and improve. A growing global movement has formed around them to address societal challenges.In a pre-study, we conducted desk research to explore potential impacts of 48 standards. They cover the breadth of subject areas, and include standards with societal, environmental, technical and/or business purposes. We find that these standards can be linked to all SDGs. Often one standard affects multiple SDGs, going beyond intended impacts.Goal 2: Overview over scientific literature on standards’ impactsStandards are important for society. This is widely recognised in academic literature. However, there is relatively limited research on how they impact society. Most of this limited research focuses on two standards: ISO 9001 (quality management systems) and ISO 14001 (environmental management systems). Our review reveals a research focus on business/economic (both standards) and environmental (ISO 14001) impacts. Some evidence exists on non-environmental societal impacts (e.g., workplace safety), but this remains limited.We extended our review to other fields, especially addressing best practice for impact measurement. We compared multiple approaches, selected the Logic Model for understanding impact, and adapted it to standards. This model helps understand impact by tracing it in five steps: (1) inputs (including standards), (2) activities for standard implementation, (3) outputs (a situation reflecting what a standard prescribes), (4) outcomes (changes for stakeholders), and eventually (5) long-term impact.Goal 3: Evidence of standards’ societal impacts – empirical researchUnder the project team’s guidance, master students carried out eight in-depth studies in Norway (two studies), Sweden (two studies), Finland (two studies), Denmark and Austria. Standards were selected in consultation with the XXM Partners. They cover a broad range of important areas, e.g., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting (ISO 14064-1), clinical trials for medical devices (ISO 14155), and information security management (ISO 27001).Our studies led to findings about (1) specific societal changes caused by the investigated standards, (2) what drives standards’ impacts in general, and (3) measuring standards’ impact (see Goal 4 below).Findings about standards’ specific societal changesTwo standards in our study are particularly successful in creating positive impact:• EN 16516 (emissions of construction products into indoor air) promotes the availability of low-emission construction products, thereby contributing to healthy indoor air.• ISO 14155 (clinical investigations for medical devices) contributes to safer clinical trials and availability of innovative medical devices for patients.In the other cases, we observe strong potential for positive societal impact. However, this is not achieved, e.g., due to standards not being implemented at large scale, not meeting potential users’ expectations, and/or competing with other standards. In two cases (ISO 14064-1, GHG emissions accounting; ISO 14044, life-cycle assessment), foreseeable abuse of the standard may even provide opportunities for greenwashing.All investigated standards have broader (potential) impacts on the SDGs than identified by ISO. E.g., ISO 14155 does not only contribute to SDG 3 (“Good Health and Wellbeing”), but also to SDG 9 (“Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure”) and the institutional aspect of SDG 16 (“Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions”).Findings about drivers behind standards’ impacts: importance of their ecosystemsAll investigated standards are deeply embedded in their ecosystems. A remarkable finding concerns the large extent, to which (mis)alignment with this context drives their impact. This also makes it challenging to isolate the standard’s impact from that of its entire ecosystem.Where we observed positive impact, this was largely due to a standard serving a clear purpose in its ecosystem (e.g., meeting market needs, supporting certification, alignment with regulatory requirements). In the cases where potentials for positive impact have not yet been realised, our data show how this is driven by misaligned ecosystems and standards. We have recommendations for how to address this (see Goal 5 below)Goal 4: Applied methodology for demonstrating societal impactsIn the course of the project, we developed a methodology for measuring standard’s societal impacts. It consists of a six-step process, which is based on four essential frameworks/tools:1. Stakeholder analysis,2. A checklist for analysing a standard’s ecosystem,3. The logic model for standards,4. The SDGs as a framework for classifying impact.We recommend this methodology for systematically studying further standards’ impacts.Goal 5: Recommendations to National Standard Bodies (NSBs)Our results have clear implications for the XXM Partners, ISO/IEC, CEN/CENELEC, and their members. Based on these implications, we provide recommendations on (1) communicating standards’ impacts to policymakers and other stakeholders, and (2) enhancing standards’ positive impact. Section 9.5 (p.102) specifies these recommendations in detail.Communicating standards’ impact• To policymakers: Emphasise standards’ functions as essential instruments for change in their respective ecosystems.• To other stakeholders: Focus on standards’ contributions to the SDGs, while acknowledging that the full potential is not yet achieved.• Ensure standards’ inclusion in frameworks for measuring societal impact: Engage in dialogue with the impact measurement community. Ensure that increasingly influential approaches to measuring societal impact include standards. This would support clearer communication about standards’ impacts and contribute to frameworks’ accuracy.Enhancing standards’ positive impact• Already address societal impacts during the standardisation process. We provide two tools, which may be used for this.• Improve standards’ relevance and quality in line with their ecosystems’ expectations (positioning standards relative to competing and/or complementary standards, clarity of requirements, quality of translations, withdrawing unused standards).• Need for future research in six directions: (1) Studies at the level of standard families and/or ecosystems. (2) Large-scale replication. (3) Understanding standard competition. (4) Reflecting ongoing developments in impact measurement. (5) Effects of societal change on standards’ role in society. (6) Starting from the “grand- societal challenges”.ConclusionOur work makes a novel contribution to knowledge about standards’ impacts. By doing so, we offer concrete insights, which the XXM Partners can use in communicating the benefits of standards. We also identify key factors affecting standards’ societal impacts, and offer tools and methods that are relevant for practitioners and researchers alike. The XXM Partners can use these insights in their work to further maximise standards’ value to society, and limit any potential negative effects.

In this study we draw on value theory in social psychology to analyze the range of motives that influence research-related attitudes, decisions, and actions of scientists. To conceptualize scientific work values, we integrated theoretical insights from the personal, work, and scientific values literature and the responses of 6 interviewees and 255 survey participants about values relevant to scientific work. Here, we present examples of the scientific work value item proposals we generated. In our upcoming paper, we discuss the implications of our outcomes and provide recommendations for future research. Gaining a better understanding of values different scientists have is useful to improve scientific careers, make science attractive to a more diverse group of individuals, and can elucidate some of the mechanisms leading to exemplary and questionable science. Project in OSF: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/ESJC2

In 2018, the construction sector was responsible for 39% of the worldwide energy and process‐related carbon dioxideemissions (Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction et al., 2019). This is partly due to the embodied carbon, whichrepresents the carbon emissions related to building construction and material production (LETI, 2020). While zero energybuildings and zero energy renovations start to get the operational carbon down, the circular economy aims to do this byclosing material loops and stimulating the reuse of discarded materials in building construction (Ellen McArthur Foundationet al., 2015). Although it is not a new phenomenon, material reuse does require a substantially different approach and isat this point not yet common in the building industry. This is especially true for load‐bearing components. This articlepresents a pilot project for the reuse of discarded timber formwork for the construction of the façade and (load‐bearing)substructure of a new house. Through this pilot case and by reflecting on a series of similar cases, it studies the remain‐ing challenges for material reuse but also proposes and assesses redesign strategies that will allow upscaling the reuseof timber formwork. The project shows that although waste, material, and money can be saved by using reclaimed mate‐rials, it does complicate the design and construction process and, as such, does not necessarily reduce the total projectbudget. Moreover, for reuse to become a current practice, new design approaches and collaborations will need to beestablished. Finally, socio‐economic factors must be considered to increase the acceptance of reclaimed materials in newbuilding construction., In 2018, the construction sector was responsible for 39% of the worldwide energy and process-related carbon dioxide emissions (Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction et al., 2019). This is partly due to the embodied carbon, which represents the carbon emissions related to building construction and material production (LETI, 2020). While zero energy buildings and zero energy renovations start to get the operational carbon down, the circular economy aims to do this by closing material loops and stimulating the reuse of discarded materials in building construction (Ellen McArthur Foundation et al., 2015). Although it is not a new phenomenon, material reuse does require a substantially different approach and is at this point not yet common in the building industry. This is especially true for load-bearing components. This article presents a pilot project for the reuse of discarded timber formwork for the construction of the façade and (load-bearing) substructure of a new house. Through this pilot case and by reflecting on a series of similar cases, it studies the remaining challenges for material reuse but also proposes and assesses redesign strategies that will allow upscaling the reuse of timber formwork. The project shows that although waste, material, and money can be saved by using reclaimed materials, it does complicate the design and construction process and, as such, does not necessarily reduce the total project budget. Moreover, for reuse to become a current practice, new design approaches and collaborations will need to be established. Finally, socio-economic factors must be considered to increase the acceptance of reclaimed materials in new building construction.

Dementia is a growing societal challenge putting pressure on care systems across Europe. Providing supporting technology for people living with dementia, referring to both people with dementia and their caregivers, is an important strategy to alleviate pressure. In this paper, we present lessons learned from the Interreg NWE Project Certification-D, in which we evaluated technological products with people living with dementia, using a Living Lab approach. Living Labs were set up in five different countries to conduct field evaluations at the homes of people living with dementia. Via an open call products from small to medium enterprises across northwestern Europe were selected to be evaluated in the Living Labs. In this paper, we describe the setup of and reflection on Living Labs as multi-stakeholder collaboration networks to evaluate technological products in the context of dementia. We reflect on the experiences and insights from the Living Lab researchers to execute and operate the Living Labs in such a sensitive setting. Our findings show that Living Labs can be used to conduct field evaluations of products, that flexibility is required to adopt a Living Lab in various care settings with different stakeholder compositions and expertise, and that Living Lab researchers serve as both a linking pin and buffer between people living with dementia and companies and thereby support the adoption of technological products. We close the paper with a proposal of best practices to encourage inclusivity in, and scalability of, Living Labs in the context of dementia. ispartof: International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health vol:20 issue:3 pages:1673- ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published

Food-water-energy nexus is a complex problem characterized by multiple alternatives, conflicting objectives, and multiple uncertainties about key drivers like climate change, urbanization, and population growth. Serious games are becoming a popular means to support decision-makers who are responsible for the management of urban food, water, and energy systems. However, the effectiveness of these games in improving decision-making and the quality of their outcomes remains low. Therefore, in this paper, we developed a serious game, namely S.N.O.G., which offers a safe decision-making environment where impacts of decisions may be tested and rated. Methodologically, S.N.O.G. is developed based on a combination of multi-objective optimization programing and game theory. Spatial representation, forecast, automatic feedback, ease of information communication, transparency, ease of modification add to the competence of S.N.O.G.’s application into effective decision-making for food-water-energy nexus. The game was tested in a smart-eco district in the Netherlands for which balanced food production, water management and energy generation is the goal. By using an activity theory-based model, we evaluated and mapped how S.N.O.G. contributes to the advancement in decision-making. Our research shows the game helped participants identify and indicate key drivers of integrated resource management, and how the game can strengthen the learning policy outcomes.

The success factors and challenges of interorganizational collaboration have been widely studied from different disciplinary perspectives. However, the role of design in making such collaborations resilient has received little attention, although deliberately designing for resilience is likely to be vital to the success of any interorganizational collaboration. This study explores the resilience of interorganizational collaboration by means of a comparative case study of Dutch maternity care providers, which have been facing major challenges due to financial cutbacks, government-enforced collaborative structures, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings make two contributions to the literature. First, we further develop the construct of interorganizational resilience. Second, we shed light on how well-designed distributed decision-making enhances resilience, thereby making a first attempt at meeting the challenge of designing for interorganizational resilience.

Low productivity, material depletion, waste, and emissions are widespread in the construction industry. On top of this, many bridges reaching the end of their service life need repair or replacement.This design project investigates how digitisation and integrated design and manufacturing processes can aid in addressing sustainability and productivity issues. This project develops a digital workflow for bridge design and manufacturing using 3D printed concrete in combination with circular economy design concepts of disassembly and material reduction.Design CriteriaFor the development of the project, design criteria were established. This process initially looked at two previously printed bridges in the Netherlands. From this, design criteria for both the design tool and the resulting bridge designs were established. These criteria include:• Use concrete 3D printing and work with relevant printing systems.• Use structural analysis to guide user decisions.• Use prestressed tendons and modularise for simple assembly and disassembly.• Implement principles of the circular economy.Design ToolThe project developed a parametric design tool for creating bridges using 3D-printed concrete. Five ‘blocks’ manage distinct design elements in the design tool.1. Alignment allows the user to match the bridge to an existing location or shape a new bridge through length, span and shape.2. Cross-sections along the curve allow the user to shape the bridge. Size and thickness control linked to a structural check enables efficient material distribution.3. 3D Form interpolates the cross-sections into a 3D shape. Here the user can see how the beam will look.4. Segments are created in the beam to engage with material, manufacturing and transport constraints.5. Code Generation block generates code suitable for standard printing systems.The user can make changes and modifications at any stage in the process. The manufacturing constraints are embedded into the design process, helping to ensure that what is designed can be produced.Design ConceptsTwo bridge concepts were created to demonstrate the tool’s flexibility in different scenarios. One design uses a freeform cross-section type to create a pedestrian bridge over a river. The other is a more straightforward highway bridge using a modular cross-section type and reuses existing supports.Public DisseminationOne of the ambitions is to share results and knowledge generated throughout the project. This knowledge dissemination is demonstrated by three public presentations reaching an industry, academic and general public audience.Conclusions and RecommendationsThe tool created helps demonstrate how integrated approaches to design and fabrication can help with the challenges presented in sustainability and productivity but simultaneously with the ambition that what we produce is attractive and appropriate to its location.

Door zijn technische kennis en kunde kreeg de in 1929 opgerichte multinational Unilever de internationale grondstoffenmarkten in zijn greep. Met oplopende ecologische kosten en verregaande sociale gevolgen in Afrika, Azië en Antarctica tot gevolg, werd in Europa ‘geen cent te veel’ betaald voor de margarinegrondstoffen.

Door zijn technische kennis en kunde kreeg de in 1929 opgerichte multinational Unilever de internationale grondstoffenmarkten in zijn greep. Met oplopendeecologische kosten en verregaande sociale gevolgen in Afrika, Azië en Antarctica tot gevolg, werd in Europa ‘geen cent te veel’ betaald voor de margarinegrondstoffen.

Door zijn technische kennis en kunde kreeg de in 1929 opgerichte multinational Unilever de internationale grondstoffenmarkten in zijn greep. Met oplopende ecologische kosten en verregaande sociale gevolgen in Afrika, Azië en Antarctica tot gevolg, werd in Europa ‘geen cent te veel’ betaald voor de margarinegrondstoffen.

The integration of the concept of the circular economy (CE) within the supply chain is known as the circular supply chain (CSC). Although various articles have identified barriers to implementing CE, no comprehensive study has investigated the impacts of barriers focusing on CSC. This study includes a systematic literature review to contextualize the impact of barriers from the perspective of 3R (i.e., reusing, remanufacturing, and recycling) recovery approaches. It classifies barriers into seven main groups in the context of CSC. The most often observed barriers hindering 3R recovery approaches are identified, and their impacts are discussed. The results demonstrate that barriers related to “economics and finance,” “governments and regulations,” and “society and culture” substantially impact the ability of organizations in the initial phase of adopting recovery approaches. In particular, key findings outline that consumer willingness to purchase recovered products impacts reuse, deficient supportive regulations impact 3R approaches (especially recycling), and a lack of support in the market impacts the ability of organizations to execute remanufacturing effectively. In addition, conducting empirical research is still desirable and creates a meaningful link between theory and practice. It helps to understand the barriers to remanufacturing, reusing, and recycling.

The integrated capture and conversion of CO2 has the potential to make valorization of the greenhouse gas more economically competitive, by eliminating energy-intensive regeneration processes. However, integration is hindered by the extremely low concentrations of CO2 present in the atmosphere (0.04 vol.%), and the presence of acidic gas contaminants, such as SOx and NOx, in flue gas streams. This Review summarizes the latest technological progress in the integrated capture and conversion of CO2 from dilute flue gases and atmospheric air. In particular, the Review analyzes the correlation between material properties and their capture and conversion efficiency through hydrogenation, cycloaddition, and solar thermal-mediated electrochemical processes, with a focus on the types and quantities of product generated, in addition to their energy requirements. Prospects for commercialization are also highlighted and suggestions are made for future research.

This study provides the first approach to integrating circularity in the early stages of a construction project by the project manager. The circular ambition of the Dutch government stimulates a different approach in project management compared to a traditionally applied approach in construction projects. Design science research (DSR) was used to develop a framework for project managers to integrate circularity in the initial phases of construction projects, and we divided this research into three steps: (1) investigate the problem, (2) design a solution and (3) validate the design. The performed design cycle and formulated design propositions resulted in a framework consisting of two A3 format pages. The framework explains a successful three-step approach: knowledge of circular economy in the construction sector is needed, circularity has to be integrated into the project preparation, and circularity has to be integrated into project management. Furthermore, the framework incorporates extra background information and a checklist with 27 identified success factors. The framework was validated by expert opinions as effective, is ready to be implemented and is described as useful for the current challenges, demands and questions of the market.

Recycling of thermoplastic polymers is an important element of sustainable circular economy practices. The quality of mechanically recycled polymers is a concern. A method is presented to predict the structure and processability of recycled blends of polymers based on processability knowledge of their virgin precursor components. Blending rules at molecular weight distribution level are well established and form the foundation of the new method. Two essential fundamental building blocks are combined with this foundation. First, component and blend structure are related to viscosity via tube theories. Second, viscosity is related to melt flow index via a continuum mechanics approach. Emulator equations are built based on virtual experimental designs for fast forward and reverse calculations directly relating structure to viscosity and processability. The new combined method is compared with empirical blend rules, and shows important similarities and also clear quantitative differences. Finally, the new method is applied to practical recycling quality challenges.

The role of middle management in continuous improvement and similar organizational changes is a very challenging one. In this essay, we identify three different ways of looking at middle management: (a) middle managers are no longer needed; (b) middle managers have insufficient potential; and (c) middle managers occupy a unique position that connects the top management and operational levels. Subsequently, we look at the roles of middle managers in organizational change initiatives such as CI. The conclusion is that middle managers often find themselves in a Bermuda-like triangle, in which they are expected to lead change, implement change and change their own behavior. We conclude by exploring the future of the middle manager in the context of the rise of new organizational forms and the digitalization of work processes.

The energy consumption of the construction sector and its overall environmental impact has greater potential for improvement than those of many other sectors. Most energy consumed throughout the lifecycle of a building is expended during its operation and maintenance, for which the building envelope plays an important role. This study reports on the design, construction, and thermal performance evaluation of a ventilated facade. The facade should be quickly assembled, disassembled, and stored in containers for easy onward transport. Such features comply with the Rules and Building Code of the Solar Decathlon Middle East 2018 and the relevant Eurocodes. The facade is constructed using bio-based materials in keeping with the principles of a circular economy. The exterior cladding consists of sanitary paper, grass, reeds, recycled textiles, drinking water treatment waste, bio-based polyester resin, and other materials. Temperature and the air velocity measurements recorded on the facade in Dubai showed that the facade had contributed to cool temperatures within the apartment, particularly during the hottest hours of the day. The facade is a promising option for climates with hot summers and mild winters as it contributes to reducing energy consumption and the environmental impact of building materials.

Increasing the stream of recycled plastic necessitates an approach beyond the traditional recycling via melting and re-extrusion. Various chemical recycling processes have great potential to enhance recycling rates. In this Review, a summary of the various chemical recycling routes and assessment via life-cycle analysis is complemented by an extensive list of processes developed by companies active in chemical recycling. We show that each of the currently available processes is applicable for specific plastic waste streams. Thus, only a combination of different technologies can address the plastic waste problem. Research should focus on more realistic, more contaminated and mixed waste streams, while collection and sorting infrastructure will need to be improved, that is, by stricter regulation. This Review aims to inspire both science and innovation for the production of higher value and quality products from plastic recycling suitable for reuse or valorization to create the necessary economic and environmental push for a circular economy.

Floyd and Wooldridge have developed a widely used model regarding the middle managers’ contribution to strategic change, in which four strategic roles for middle managers are considered: championing, synthesizing, facilitating and implementing. Although there is an extensive body of knowledge about the roles and influence of middle managers in implementing strategy, insight in which roles are activated in continuous improvement (CI) initiatives is underdeveloped and highly dispersed. Therefore, in this study we seek to understand which middle management roles (i.e. championing, synthesizing, facilitating, implementing) contribute to accomplishing CI. To explore which of these roles are activated when middle managers are confronted with a CI initiative, we developed a scenario experiment. Our findings indicate that the implementing and synthesizing roles appear to be of key importance in the context of CI initiatives, while the facilitating and championing roles appear to be less relevant.

PurposeThis study examines whether job crafting is related to service-oriented task performance (i.e. performance aimed at providing high-quality services) through meaningful work and work engagement.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 156 employees of a Dutch unemployment agency (4 days, 531 observations). Multilevel SEM was used to analyze the data.FindingsResults showed that job crafting was related to service-oriented task performance via meaningful work and work engagement. Specifically, seeking resources and seeking challenges were positively related to service-oriented task performance via meaningful work and work engagement, whereas reducing demands was negatively related to service-oriented task performance via meaningful work and work engagement.Originality/valueThe study concludes that seeking resources and seeking challenges are beneficial for service-oriented task performance.

For working people, the cost of getting to work, in terms of time and expense, is a crucial aspect of daily life. In the twentieth century, people’s opportunity to travel increased. This did not, however, apply to everyone. The absence of affordable housing near job locations combined with the lack of safe, efficient, and affordable mobility options aggravated social exclusion for some. No Bicycle, No Bus, No Job details how power relations have historically enabled or restricted workers’ mobility in twentieth century Netherlands. Blue-collar workers, industrial employers, and the state shaped workers’ everyday commute in a changing playing field of uneven power relations that shifted from paternalism to neo-liberalism.

With the deepening of the ‘Belt and Road (B&R)’ initiative (BRI), the trends of manufacturing relocation and diffusion along the B&R has accelerated. This paper first collects bilateral trade data of 16 categories of major commodities among 55 countries along the B&R for 2017. Second, according to current and future transportation accessibility, this paper constructs two types of topological networks among countries along the B&R from the perspectives of both competitive and complementary trade. Percolation theory is adopted to analyze the manufacturing diffusion trends and bottleneck links among the two types of topological trade networks, which provides a new perspective through which to study manufacturing relocation and diffusion patterns. The results show that (1) based on current transportation accessibility, main industries percolate and agglomerate among countries with rapid economic development along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and that (2) the improvement in the China-Europe Railway Express (CR Express) postpones diffusion trends and improves the relocation potential of Silk Road Economic Belt regions.

The increasing number of successful latecomer enterprises has led to a growing research interest in the area, but there is a lack of consensus in academic circles on the relationship between imitation strategy and firm growth. While some enterprises achieved sustainable growth based on an imitation strategy, others withdrew from the market soon after their initial market entry. In this context, this meta-analysis synthesizes empirical findings including 23 independent samples (N = 66,110) to obtain evidence and explore the extent to which an imitation strategy affects firm growth. Moreover, by further examining the moderating effects of industry conditions, country-specific factors, and performance time horizons, this research also aims to address a complementary research question: in which context is imitation strategy more beneficial for the firm growth? We found that an imitation strategy is more effective in promoting firm growth in low-tech industries than in high-tech industries and in non-OECD countries than in OECD countries. It fosters the short-term performance rather than the long-term performance of a firm. Our research findings are meaningful for enterprises to choose an appropriate imitation strategy according to their unique attributes, enabling sustainable growth in a dynamic environment.

Climate campaigners sometimes overstate the science, but they serve a valuable role, says an IPCC lead author IN 2000, as a young natural scientist, I found myself in an email exchange with a Dutch climate sceptic who frequently published scientific nonsense in op-eds for quality Dutch newspapers. For nearly 20 years I’ve contributed to reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), most recently as a co-ordinating lead author. Tariq Fancy on the failure of green investing and the need for state action_______________ Scientists are on shakier ground when they make claims that are not clearly scientific or still open to debate in scientific circles, such as the compatibility or incompatibility of economic growth and mitigating climate change.

Circular Economy (CE) has proved its contribution to addressing environmental impacts in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industries. Building Circularity (BC) assessment methods have been developed to measure the circularity of building projects. However, there still exists ambiguity and inconsistency in these methods. Based on the reviewed literature, this study proposes a new framework for BC assessment, including a material flow model, a Material Passport (MP), and a BC calculation method. The material flow model redefines the concept of BC assessment, containing three circularity cycles and five indicators. The BC MP defines the data needed for the assessment, and the BC calculation method provides the equations for building circularity scoring. The proposed framework offers a comprehensive basis to support a coherent and consistent implementation of CE in the AEC industry.

Tourism contributes 8% to global carbon emissions. Yet only 10% of air passengers purchase voluntary carbon offsets. We test the effectiveness of different communication messages to increase voluntary purchasing of carbon offsets by air passengers. Results of a discrete choice experiment indicate that air passengers prefer carbon offset schemes that fund local programs (as opposed to international programs), that are effective in mitigating emissions, and are accredited. The ability to choose the specific offsetting program to be funded is not important. The willingness-to-pay for carbon offsets when booking for a group is lower than when booking an individual flight for oneself. Three market segments with distinct preferences exists. Segments also differ in key personal characteristics, including age, employment status, frequent flyer membership, and flight behaviour, making them actionable target segments for aviation carbon offsetting.

The rise of smart cities as an urbanization paradigm has been sharp and sudden, with Smart City Strategies increasing dramatically in the last 10 years (Roland Berger, 2019). Some 40% of these strategies stem from Europe, and 5 of the worlds ‘smartest cities’ are European (Roland Berger, 2019). It is difficult not to tie this rise to the post GFC austerity era, in which devolution of responsibilities, decreasing municipal budgets and increased competition for scarce resources have seen municipalities more dependent on the private sector, and public-private partnerships to advance urban development projects. The smart city might seem like the perfect techno-bureaucratic utopia, showcasing a technological fix to the environmental problem of contemporary metropolises and tackling the urban economic growth problem through large private investments. However, a first generation of research investigating actually existing smart city projects finds that the triumphalist discourse of smart city advocates falls short (Martin et al, 2018, Evans et al, 2019), in particular when it comes to the ability smart cities initiatives to promote urban sustainability and equity agendas. In order for the ‘smart city’ to become a transformative paradigm it must engage with key debates and challenges of our time, both conceptually and practically, and adopt a different stance in which urbanization is seen less as a business model and more as a vehicle for social change.

The development of airport alliances has undergone hardships, although airport alliances have emerged simultaneously with other airline alliances in an attempt to improve competitiveness. Technology spillover is a major benefit of airport alliances, but the effects of such spillover are not as obvious as might be expected. This paper proposes a three-stage DEA-based methodological framework to uncover the existence and characteristics of technology spillover among allied airports, and identify whether the technology spillover of airport alliances outperforms the self-development of airports. A case study that concerns multi-airport companies and non-allied airports in China, where airports and airlines are rapidly expanding, is included. The results show that the technology spillover of airport alliances does not become wide spread among all of the allied airports, which is most likely because civil aviation in China is still in a stage of rapid development. However, such spillover does appear among small- and mid-sized allied airports in cities with fast urban economic development. Finally, the related implications of our methodological framework are discussed along with our findings.

This paper deals with the design, production and monitoring of a bio-composite footbridge with a span of 14 m across the river Dommel in the city of Eindhoven, the Netherlands. The specific bio-composite material that was used for this research is a Natural Fibre Reinforced Bio-Polymer (NFRBP). The goal of the research is to prove that NFRBP can be applied as a load-bearing structure in an outdoor environment. For this purpose, a multidisciplinary team of academic researchers from two universities and from the Centre of Expertise Biobased Economy, together with a manufacturer from the NFRBP industry, have developed a feasible design that could be produced in a short period of time and within a limited budget. The footbridge was designed, built and installed within less than one year. In the two years after the installation of the footbridge, the structural behaviour of the bridge was monitored by means of optical fibre glass strands, integrated within the structure, with the purpose of measuring deformations and change in elasticity that occur over time.

The space and energy sector have similar sustainable ambitions and face similar technological difficulties, providing numerous occasions for learning, collaborating and creating economic and societal value. Adopting space technology and applications within the energy sector offers many high-potential opportunities worth exploring. Space can serve as an enabler for revolutionizing the energy sector by providing information on renewable energy sources and energy efficiency to facilitate the energy transition and support decision and policy-makers in developing, implementing, and monitoring various energy policy areas such as energy resource management and energy transport. Political interest in this topic is rising, and multiple high-level discussions took place in Europe in 2018 to gain a deeper understanding of the opportunities and enablers for space as a tool to support European energy policy. This article draws on the insights from two dedicated events to highlight the most prominent opportunities and enablers. The outcomes of these events provide a source of inspiration for policy development, investment decisions, and R&D proposals to further stimulate space as an enabler for sustainable economic growth in the energy sector.

Assessing business models’ sustainability performance has become necessary to help organizations transition towards sustainability and circular economy. Organizations face multiple challenges in developing sustainable business models during the sustainable business model innovation (SBMI) process. Many of these challenges can be solved by assessing the sustainability performance of the various business model designs. Scholars have employed various approaches to develop sustainability assessment tools and processes that fit different organizational needs in the SBMI process. This paper contributes to this organizational process by analyzing the existing sustainability assessment frameworks for business models and synthesizing the lessons from these into a set of design principles for supporting future assessments of business models. The proposed design principles act as guidelines to help organizations integrate sustainability assessments into their sustainable business model innovation (SBMI) process. For the methodology, the paper utilizes a systematic literature review for selecting the sustainability assessment frameworks present in literature and CIMO-logic from design science for analyzing the selected assessment frameworks. The paper discusses the heterogeneity observed in the various frameworks’ approaches and the wide range of functions the assessment frameworks fulfil within the SBMI process. These insights help understand how best to design sustainability assessments to support the SBMI process. The paper concludes by presenting a research agenda with identified avenues for future research to integrate sustainability assessments in the SBMI process.

Cultural heritage is recognized as a driver and enabler for sustainable development, and its role within the circular economy and circular cities is gaining attention. Its adaptive reuse plays a significant role in this while prolonging the heritage lifespan, preserving the values associated with heritage assets, and creating shared values. The adoption and implementation of the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage practices present challenges at multiple levels. This research aims to identify these challenges and propose solutions to overcome them, considering the post-industrial port city of Rijeka, Croatia, as a case study. The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage practices was assessed through a stakeholder engagement workshop performing a multi-scale analysis using the Historic Urban Landscape approach as an assessment framework. Forty-nine themes were identified by content analysis of the challenges and solutions identified by stakeholders involved in adaptive reuse practices and decision-making in the city. The five most mentioned themes refer to aspects relating to participation, capacity, regulatory systems, economics-finance, and knowledge. These findings provide evidence of challenges for policy- and decision-makers to be addressed in policy-making. Solutions are also suggested to facilitate the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage in the city of Rijeka and similar contexts, such as introducing policies to support participatory decision-making whose absence is a barrier.

Hierarchy is a key characteristic of any complex system. This paper explores which notions of hierarchy are being used in the field of organization and management studies. Four distinct types of hierarchy are identified: a ladder of formal decision-making authority, a ladder of achieved status, a self-organized ladder of responsibility and an ideology-based ladder. A social mechanism-based perspective serves to define and distinguish these four types. Subsequently, the typology is further developed by comparing the four hierarchy types in terms of their tacit/explicitness, (in)transitivity and behavior- versus cognition-centeredness. This article contributes to the literature by dissecting the general metaphor of hierarchy into four different constructs and their social mechanisms, which serves to create a typology of the various ways in which complex social systems can be characterized as hierarchical. This typology can inform future research drawing on any type of hierarchy.

Touristic cities are home to historical landmarks and irreplaceable urban heritages. Although tourism brings financial advantages, mass tourism creates pressure on historical cities. Therefore, “attractiveness” is one of the key elements to explain tourism dynamics. User-contributed and geospatial data provide an evidence-based understanding of people’s responses to these places. In this article, the combination of multisource information about national monuments, supporting products (i.e., attractions, museums), and geospatial data are utilized to understand attractive heritage locations and the factors that make them attractive. We retrieved geotagged photographs from the Flickr API, then employed density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm to find clusters. Then combined the clusters with Amsterdam heritage data and processed the combined data with ordinary least square (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to identify heritage attractiveness and relevance of supporting products in Amsterdam. The results show that understanding the attractiveness of heritages according to their types and supporting products in the surrounding built environment provides insights to increase unattractive heritages’ attractiveness. That may help diminish the burden of tourism in overly visited locations. The combination of less attractive heritage with strong influential supporting products could pave the way for more sustainable tourism in Amsterdam.

The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage has been recognized as a driver of the circular economy. It stimulates economic growth, boosts its inherent values, and reduces material usage and energy consumption. It can be regarded unviable due to financial constraints, limitations in regulatory frameworks and lack of engagement in decision-making. To tackle these challenges, this study aims to examine the drivers and related policy instruments that support adaptive reuse practices, and to analyze the usefulness and feasibility of a set of multi-level policy enablers at varying local contexts. In this context, we first conducted a semi-systematic review of academic and gray literature and identified 19 driving factors and associated policy documents. These instruments were concentrated on administrative, regulatory and financial tools. This analysis led to the identification of policy enablers that can be adopted at three levels: European, national and local. An online survey was then conducted to investigate how a variety of local stakeholders in the selected case cities and region evaluate the adaptability of these enablers in their individual cases. The findings show that all the assessed enablers are deemed useful and feasible to a certain extent with higher score of usefulness, confirming the adaptability of these instruments into the circular economy framework. These evidence-based results can inform future policies at multiple-levels that will accelerate and scale up circular actions through heritage adaptive reuse.