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156 results on '"Sarvi, Fatemeh"'

1. On the Impact of Outlier Bias on User Clicks

Author

Sarvi, Fatemeh, Vardasbi, Ali, Aliannejadi, Mohammad, Schelter, Sebastian, and de Rijke, Maarten

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

User interaction data is an important source of supervision in counterfactual learning to rank (CLTR). Such data suffers from presentation bias. Much work in unbiased learning to rank (ULTR) focuses on position bias, i.e., items at higher ranks are more likely to be examined and clicked. Inter-item dependencies also influence examination probabilities, with outlier items in a ranking as an important example. Outliers are defined as items that observably deviate from the rest and therefore stand out in the ranking. In this paper, we identify and introduce the bias brought about by outlier items: users tend to click more on outlier items and their close neighbors. To this end, we first conduct a controlled experiment to study the effect of outliers on user clicks. Next, to examine whether the findings from our controlled experiment generalize to naturalistic situations, we explore real-world click logs from an e-commerce platform. We show that, in both scenarios, users tend to click significantly more on outlier items than on non-outlier items in the same rankings. We show that this tendency holds for all positions, i.e., for any specific position, an item receives more interactions when presented as an outlier as opposed to a non-outlier item. We conclude from our analysis that the effect of outliers on clicks is a type of bias that should be addressed in ULTR. We therefore propose an outlier-aware click model that accounts for both outlier and position bias, called outlier-aware position-based model ( OPBM). We estimate click propensities based on OPBM ; through extensive experiments performed on both real-world e-commerce data and semi-synthetic data, we verify the effectiveness of our outlier-aware click model. Our results show the superiority of OPBM against baselines in terms of ranking performance and true relevance estimation., Comment: Accepted at SIGIR'23, Full Paper Track

Published
2023
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2. Fairness of Exposure in Light of Incomplete Exposure Estimation

Author

Heuss, Maria, Sarvi, Fatemeh, and de Rijke, Maarten

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

Fairness of exposure is a commonly used notion of fairness for ranking systems. It is based on the idea that all items or item groups should get exposure proportional to the merit of the item or the collective merit of the items in the group. Often, stochastic ranking policies are used to ensure fairness of exposure. Previous work unrealistically assumes that we can reliably estimate the expected exposure for all items in each ranking produced by the stochastic policy. In this work, we discuss how to approach fairness of exposure in cases where the policy contains rankings of which, due to inter-item dependencies, we cannot reliably estimate the exposure distribution. In such cases, we cannot determine whether the policy can be considered fair. Our contributions in this paper are twofold. First, we define a method called FELIX for finding stochastic policies that avoid showing rankings with unknown exposure distribution to the user without having to compromise user utility or item fairness. Second, we extend the study of fairness of exposure to the top-k setting and also assess FELIX in this setting. We find that FELIX can significantly reduce the number of rankings with unknown exposure distribution without a drop in user utility or fairness compared to existing fair ranking methods, both for full-length and top-k rankings. This is an important first step in developing fair ranking methods for cases where we have incomplete knowledge about the user's behaviour., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, will be published at SIGIR 2022

Published
2022
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3. Probabilistic Permutation Graph Search: Black-Box Optimization for Fairness in Ranking

Author

Vardasbi, Ali, Sarvi, Fatemeh, and de Rijke, Maarten

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

There are several measures for fairness in ranking, based on different underlying assumptions and perspectives. PL optimization with the REINFORCE algorithm can be used for optimizing black-box objective functions over permutations. In particular, it can be used for optimizing fairness measures. However, though effective for queries with a moderate number of repeating sessions, PL optimization has room for improvement for queries with a small number of repeating sessions. In this paper, we present a novel way of representing permutation distributions, based on the notion of permutation graphs. Similar to PL, our distribution representation, called PPG, can be used for black-box optimization of fairness. Different from PL, where pointwise logits are used as the distribution parameters, in PPG pairwise inversion probabilities together with a reference permutation construct the distribution. As such, the reference permutation can be set to the best sampled permutation regarding the objective function, making PPG suitable for both deterministic and stochastic rankings. Our experiments show that PPG, while comparable to PL for larger session repetitions (i.e., stochastic ranking), improves over PL for optimizing fairness metrics for queries with one session (i.e., deterministic ranking). Additionally, when accurate utility estimations are available, e.g., in tabular models, the performance of PPG in fairness optimization is significantly boosted compared to lower quality utility estimations from a learning to rank model, leading to a large performance gap with PL. Finally, the pairwise probabilities make it possible to impose pairwise constraints such as "item $d_1$ should always be ranked higher than item $d_2$." Such constraints can be used to simultaneously optimize the fairness metric and control another objective such as ranking performance., Comment: SIGIR 2022

Published
2022
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6. Understanding and Mitigating the Effect of Outliers in Fair Ranking

Author

Sarvi, Fatemeh, Heuss, Maria, Aliannejadi, Mohammad, Schelter, Sebastian, and de Rijke, Maarten

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

Traditional ranking systems are expected to sort items in the order of their relevance and thereby maximize their utility. In fair ranking, utility is complemented with fairness as an optimization goal. Recent work on fair ranking focuses on developing algorithms to optimize for fairness, given position-based exposure. In contrast, we identify the potential of outliers in a ranking to influence exposure and thereby negatively impact fairness. An outlier in a list of items can alter the examination probabilities, which can lead to different distributions of attention, compared to position-based exposure. We formalize outlierness in a ranking, show that outliers are present in realistic datasets, and present the results of an eye-tracking study, showing that users scanning order and the exposure of items are influenced by the presence of outliers. We then introduce OMIT, a method for fair ranking in the presence of outliers. Given an outlier detection method, OMIT improves fair allocation of exposure by suppressing outliers in the top-k ranking. Using an academic search dataset, we show that outlierness optimization leads to a fairer policy that displays fewer outliers in the top-k, while maintaining a reasonable trade-off between fairness and utility., Comment: 8 pages, accepted at WSDM'22, full paper track

Published
2021
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8. A Comparison of Supervised Learning to Match Methods for Product Search

Author

Sarvi, Fatemeh, Voskarides, Nikos, Mooiman, Lois, Schelter, Sebastian, and de Rijke, Maarten

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

The vocabulary gap is a core challenge in information retrieval (IR). In e-commerce applications like product search, the vocabulary gap is reported to be a bigger challenge than in more traditional application areas in IR, such as news search or web search. As recent learning to match methods have made important advances in bridging the vocabulary gap for these traditional IR areas, we investigate their potential in the context of product search. In this paper we provide insights into using recent learning to match methods for product search. We compare both effectiveness and efficiency of these methods in a product search setting and analyze their performance on two product search datasets, with 50,000 queries each. One is an open dataset made available as part of a community benchmark activity at CIKM 2016. The other is a proprietary query log obtained from a European e-commerce platform. This comparison is conducted towards a better understanding of trade-offs in choosing a preferred model for this task. We find that (1) models that have been specifically designed for short text matching, like MV-LSTM and DRMMTKS, are consistently among the top three methods in all experiments; however, taking efficiency and accuracy into account at the same time, ARC-I is the preferred model for real world use cases; and (2) the performance from a state-of-the-art BERT-based model is mediocre, which we attribute to the fact that the text BERT is pre-trained on is very different from the text we have in product search. We also provide insights into factors that can influence model behavior for different types of query, such as the length of retrieved list, and query complexity, and discuss the implications of our findings for e-commerce practitioners, with respect to choosing a well performing method., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, Accepted at SIGIR Workshop on eCommerce 2020

Published
2020

9. Occupational exposure to BTEX and styrene in West Asian countries: a brief review of current state and limits

Author

Rahimpoor Razzagh, Sarvi Fatemeh, Rahimnejad Samira, and Ebrahimi Seyed Mohammad

Subjects
benzene, ethylbenzene, oel, oil industry, risk management, toluene, xylene, benzen, etilbenzen, ksilen, naftna industrija, toluen, upravljanje rizikom, Toxicology. Poisons, RA1190-1270
Abstract

The aim of introducing occupational exposure limits (OELs) is to use them as a risk management tool in order to protect workers’ health and well-being against harmful agents at the workplace. In this review we identify OELs for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), and styrene concentrations in air and assess occupational exposure to these compounds through a systematic literature search of publications published in West Asian countries from 1980 to 2021. OELs for BTEX and styrene have been set in Iran and Turkey to levels similar to those in European countries and the US. The search yielded 49 full-text articles that cover studies of exposure assessment in six countries, but most (n=40) regard Iran. Average occupational exposure to benzene of workers in oil-related industries is higher than recommended OEL, while average occupational exposure to other compounds is lower than local OELs (where they exist). Currently, information about levels of occupational exposure to BTEX and styrene is insufficient in West Asian countries, which should be remedied through OEL regulation and application. Furthermore, coherent research is also needed to determine actual levels of occupational exposure, dose-responses, and the economic and technical capacity of local industries to address current issues.

Published
2022
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11. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Tran, Khanh Bao, Lang, Justin J, Compton, Kelly, Xu, Rixing, Acheson, Alistair R, Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Penberthy, Louise, Aali, Amirali, Abbas, Qamar, Abbasi, Behzad, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdelwahab, Ahmed Abdelwahab, Abdoli, Gholamreza, Abdulkadir, Hanan Abdulkadir, Abedi, Aidin, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Absalan, Abdorrahim, Abtew, Yonas Derso, Abubaker Ali, Hiwa, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Addison, Daniel, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun, Adnan, Mohammad, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Advani, Shailesh M, Afrin, Sumia, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Aggarwal, Manik, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Rizwan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Sohail, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Aiman, Wajeeha, Ajami, Marjan, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa, Aklilu, Addis, Akonde, Maxwell, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alessy, Saleh Ali, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Syed Shujait, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkhayyat, Motasem, Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali, Almustanyir, Sami, Alonso, Nivaldo, Alqalyoobi, Shehabaldin, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Al-Rifai, Rami H Hani, Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah, Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B, Altawalah, Haya, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Aminian Dehkordi, Javad Javad, Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein, Amu, Hubert, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderson, Jason A, Animut, Yaregal Animut, Anoushiravani, Amir, Anoushirvani, Ali Arash, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antony, Benny, Antwi, Maxwell Hubert, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anwer, Razique, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aremu, Olatunde, Argaw, Ayele Mamo, Ariffin, Hany, Aripov, Timur, Arshad, Muhammad, Artaman, Al, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Aryannejad, Armin, Asaad, Malke, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Asemi, Zatollah, Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Assadi, Reza, Athar, Mohammad, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Attia, Sameh, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awedew, Atalel Fentahun, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Awoke, Tewachew, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu, Ayen, Solomon Shitu, Azadi, Davood, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azami-Aghdash, Saber, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azizi, Hosein, Azzam, Ahmed Y Y, Babajani, Amirhesam, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagheri, Nader, Bagherieh, Sara, Bahadory, Saeed, Baig, Atif Amin, Baker, Jennifer L, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Indrajit, Bardhan, Mainak, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Bashir, Nasir Z, Bashiri, Azadeh, Basu, Saurav, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Begum, Aeysha, Bekele, Alehegn Bekele, Belay, Alemayehu Sayih, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Belo, Luis, Benzian, Habib, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Bharti Bhandari, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bhuyan, Soumitra S, Bibi, Sadia, Bilchut, Awraris Hailu, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Biondi, Antonio, Birega, Mesfin Geremaw Birega, Birhan, Habitu Eshetu, Bjørge, Tone, Blyuss, Oleg, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Bosetti, Cristina, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Buchanan, Christina Maree, Bulamu, Norma B, Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa, Butt, Muhammad Hammad, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Carreras, Giulia, Carvalho, Márcia, Cembranel, Francieli, Cerin, Ester, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charalampous, Periklis, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Cho, William C S, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Cohen, Aaron J, Conde, Joao, Cortés, Sandra, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Culbreth, Garland T, Dadras, Omid, Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz, Danielewicz, Anna, Dao, An Thi Minh, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Das, Saswati, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davtalab Esmaeili, Elham, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Dehghan, Azizallah, Demisse, Biniyam, Demisse, Fitsum Wolde, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Derakhshani, Afshin, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Dereje, Diriba, Deribe, Kalkidan Solomon, Desai, Rupak, Desalegn, Markos Desalegn, Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu, Dessalegni, Samuel Abebe A, Dessie, Gashaw, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Dixit, Shilpi Gupta, Doaei, Saeid, Doan, Linh Phuong, Doku, Paul Narh, Dongarwar, Deepa, dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher, Edalati, Sareh, Eghbalian, Fatemeh, Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, Ekwueme, Donatus U, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elghazaly, Hesham, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Eshetu, Tegegne, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Espinosa-Montero, Juan, Etaee, Farshid, Etemadimanesh, Azin, Eyayu, Tahir, Ezeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude, Ezzikouri, Sayeh, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahimi, Saman, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Fares, Jawad, Farmany, Abbas, Farooque, Umar, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fatima, Wafa, Fattahi, Hamed, Fekadu, Ginenus, Feleke, Berhanu Elfu, Ferrari, Allegra Allegra, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroumadi, Roham, Foroutan, Masoud, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gad, Mohamed M, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Galehdar, Nasrin, Gallus, Silvano, Garg, Tushar, Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana, Gebremariam, Yosef Haile, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu, Geda, Yohannes Fikadu, Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw, Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete, Getachew, Melaku, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Ghaffari, Kazem, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghassemi, Fariba, Ghimire, Ajnish, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamalizadeh, Maryam, Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Jamshid, Ghozy, Sherief, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G, Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T, Glasbey, James C, Godos, Justyna, Goel, Amit, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grosso, Giuseppe, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gurara, Mekdes Kondale, Guta, Alemu, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haddadi Avval, Atlas, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hajj Ali, Adel, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Halboub, Esam S, Halimi, Aram, Halwani, Rabih, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hanif, Asif, Hariri, Sanam, Harlianto, Netanja I, Haro, Josep Maria, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, S M Mahmudul, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hashemi, Seyedeh Melika, Hassan, Abbas M, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidarymeybodi, Zahra, Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni, Holla, Ramesh, Holm, Marianne, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hoseini, Mohammad, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseinzadeh, Ali, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Huang, Junjie, Hugo, Fernando N, Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Salman, Hussein, Nawfal R, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Immurana, Mustapha, Innos, Kaire, Iranpour, Pooya, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, Md Shariful, Islam, Rakibul M, Islami, Farhad, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Isola, Gaetano, Iwagami, Masao, J, Linda Merin, Jaiswal, Abhishek, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalili, Mahsa, Jalilian, Shahram, Jamshidi, Elham, Jang, Sung-In, Jani, Chinmay T, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayarajah, Umesh Umesh, Jayaram, Shubha, Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad, Jebai, Rime, Jemal, Bedru, Jeong, Wonjeong, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jindal, Har Ashish, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kacimi, Salah Eddine Oussama, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kahe, Farima, Kakodkar, Pradnya Vishal, Kalankesh, Laleh R, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamal, Vineet Kumar, Kamangar, Farin, Kamath, Ashwin, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kandaswamy, Eswar, Kandel, Himal, Kang, HyeJung, Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel, Kapoor, Neeti, Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar, Karanth, Shama D, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karch, André, Karimi, Amirali, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Katoto, Patrick DMC, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kaur, Harkiran, Kebede, Abinet Gebremickael, Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Kejela, Gemechu Gemechu, Kemp Bohan, Phillip M, Keramati, Maryam, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khan, Abbas, Khan, Abdul Aziz Khan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien AB, Khanali, Javad, Khatab, Khaled, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin, Khezeli, Mehdi, Khodadost, Mahmoud, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Klugar, Miloslav, Klugarová, Jitka, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kolkhir, Pavel, Kompani, Farzad, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kumar, Akshay, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Narinder, Kurmi, Om P, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lahiri, Arista, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lám, Judit, Lan, Qing, Landires, Iván, Larijani, Bagher, Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Jerrald, Lauriola, Paolo, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yeong Yeh, Lee, Yo Han, Legesse, Samson Mideksa, Leigh, James, Leong, Elvynna, Li, Ming-Chieh, Lim, Stephen S, Liu, Gang, Liu, Jue, Lo, Chun-Han, Lohiya, Ayush, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lorenzovici, László, Lotfi, Mojgan, Loureiro, Joana A, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Mafi, Ahmad R, Magdeldin, Sameh, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh, Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Majeed, Azeem, Majidpoor, Jamal, Makki, Alaa, Makris, Konstantinos Christos, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Mallya, Sneha Deepak, Mamun, Mohammed A, Manda, Ana Laura, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Martini, Santi, Martorell, Miquel, Masoudi, Sahar, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Matei, Clara N, Mathews, Elezebeth, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Vasundhara, McKee, Martin, Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Mehmood, Khalid, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehrotra, Ravi, Melese, Addisu, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, SIsay Derso, Mensah, Laverne G, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Mera-Mamián, Andry Yasmid Mera, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Merid, Mehari Woldemariam, Mersha, Amanual Getnet, Meselu, Belsity Temesgen, Meshkat, Mahboobeh, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mijena, Gelana Fekadu Worku, Miller, Ted R, Mir, Shabir Ahmad, Mirinezhad, Seyed Kazem, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza, Misganaw, Abay Sisay, Misra, Sanjeev, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Arif, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Mohseni, Mohammad, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Molassiotis, Alex, Molokhia, Mariam, Momenzadeh, Kaveh, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mons, Ute, Montasir, Ahmed Al, Montazeri, Fateme, Montero, Arnulfo, Moosavi, Mohammad Amin, Moradi, Abdolvahab, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mosapour, Abbas, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mulita, Francesk, Munblit, Daniel, Munro, Sandra B, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Musa, Jonah, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghipour, Mohammadreza, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Naqvi, Atta Abbas, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nassereldine, Hasan, Natto, Zuhair S, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye, Negash, Wogene Wogene, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nejati, Kazem, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nguyen, Huy Van Nguyen, Niazi, Robina Khan, Noor, Nurulamin M, Noori, Maryam, Noroozi, Nafise, Nouraei, Hasti, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Oh, In-Hwan, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Omer, Emad, Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel, Ong, Sokking, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Orru, Hans, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Oulhaj, Abderrahim, Oumer, Bilcha, Owopetu, Oluwatomi Funbi, Oyinloye, Babatunji Emmanuel, P A, Mahesh, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakbin, Babak, Pakshir, Keyvan, Pakzad, Reza, Palicz, Tamás, Pana, Adrian, Pandey, Anamika, Pandey, Ashok, Pant, Suman, Pardhan, Shahina, Park, Eun-Cheol, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Seoyeon, Patel, Jay, Pati, Siddhartha, Paudel, Rajan, Paudel, Uttam, Paun, Mihaela, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peng, Minjin, Pereira, Jeevan, Pereira, Renato B, Perna, Simone, Perumalsamy, Navaraj, Pestell, Richard G, Pezzani, Raffaele, 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Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiyuri, Amir, Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse, Topor-Madry, Roman, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saif, Ullah, Sana, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vacante, Marco, Vaezi, Maryam, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valdez, Pascual R, Vardavas, Constantine, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vaziri, Siavash, Velazquez, Diana Zuleika, Veroux, Massimiliano, Villeneuve, Paul J, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Vu, Linh Gia, Wadood, Abdul Wadood, Waheed, Yasir, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Cong, Wang, Fang, Wang, Ning, Wang, Yu, Ward, Paul, Waris, Abdul, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Woldemariam, Melat, Woldu, Berhanu, Xiao, Hong, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yadav, Lalit, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yang, Lin, Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Yismaw, Yazachew, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefian, Fatemeh, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zahir, Mazyar, Zaki, Nazar, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zare, Fariba, Zare, Iman, Zareshahrabadi, Zahra, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeineddine, Mohammad A, Zhang, Dongyu, Zhang, Jianrong, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhou, Linghui, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoladl, Mohammad, Vos, Theo, Hay, Simon I, Force, Lisa M, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2022
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22. Mapping and size estimation of people who inject drugs: an innovative approach for targeted harm reduction program in Iran.

Author

Khodadost, Mahmoud, Ghalekhani, Nima, Hajebi, Ahmad, Gouya, Mohammad Mahdi, Afsar Kazerooni, Parvin, Ghoddousi, Seyyed Ebrahim, Fathih, Hamid R., Khojasteh Bojnordi, Toktam, Sarvi, Fatemeh, Vashani, Jamshid, Zare Banad Kokie, Fatima, Hashemvarzi, Mahmoud Reza, Davasazirani, Reza, Sharifi, Hamid, and Motevalian, Seyed Abbas

Subjects
INTRAVENOUS drug abuse, INTERVIEWING, HARM reduction, HUMAN services programs, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, DATA analysis software, DRUGS of abuse, DIFFUSION of innovations
Abstract

Hotspot mapping of People Who Inject Drugs (PWIDs) is important for harm reduction program planning. The aim of this study is to estimate the numbers of PWIDs and their geographic distribution in Iran. We used the hotspot mapping and size estimation method to estimate the number of drug users in four cities of Iran from December 2017 to January 2019. We calculated three estimates in each hotspot: a) Key Affected Population Key Informant (KAP-KI) estimate (drug users met in the hotspot), b) Non-KAP KI estimate (e.g., taxi drivers, shopkeepers nearby the hotspot); c) estimation made by field observers. Locations of hotspots were recorded by the field team and ArcGIS software was used for mapping. A total number of 335 hotspots were identified in four cities and 1524 key informants were interviewed. The forty four per cent of identified hotspots received harm reduction services. Ahvaz had the highest estimated number of PWIDs (843, range: 703–887), followed by Sari (346, range: 307–666), Yazd (228, range: 221–471) and district 2 of Tehran (18, range: 18–34). Findings highlight the need to use hotspot mapping to identify new PWIDs hotspots and best location for drop-in centers (DIC) and to provide targeted harm reduction programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Tran, Khanh Bao, Lang, Justin J, Compton, Kelly, Xu, Rixing, Acheson, Alistair R, Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Penberthy, Louise, Aali, Amirali, Abbas, Qamar, Abbasi, Behzad, Abbasi-kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-kangevari, Zeinab, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-elsalam, Sherief, Abdelwahab, Ahmed Abdelwahab, Abdoli, Gholamreza, Abdulkadir, Hanan Abdulkadir, Abedi, Aidin, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Absalan, Abdorrahim, Abtew, Yonas Derso, Abubaker Ali, Hiwa, Abu-gharbieh, Eman, Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Addison, Daniel, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun, Adnan, Mohammad, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Advani, Shailesh M, Afrin, Sumia, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Aggarwal, Manik, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Rizwan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Sohail, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Aiman, Wajeeha, Ajami, Marjan, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Akbarzadeh-khiavi, Mostafa, Aklilu, Addis, Akonde, Maxwell, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alessy, Saleh Ali, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Al-hanawi, Mohammed Khaled, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Syed Shujait, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkhayyat, Motasem, Al-maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali, Almustanyir, Sami, Alonso, Nivaldo, Alqalyoobi, Shehabaldin, Al-raddadi, Rajaa M, Al-rifai, Rami H Hani, Al-sabah, Salman Khalifah, Al-tammemi, Ala'a B, Altawalah, Haya, Alvis-guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Aminian Dehkordi, Javad Javad, Amirzade-iranaq, Mohammad Hosein, Amu, Hubert, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderson, Jason A, Animut, Yaregal Animut, Anoushiravani, Amir, Anoushirvani, Ali Arash, Ansari-moghaddam, Alireza, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antony, Benny, Antwi, Maxwell Hubert, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anwer, Razique, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-zozani, Morteza, Aremu, Olatunde, Argaw, Ayele Mamo, Ariffin, Hany, Aripov, Timur, Arshad, Muhammad, Artaman, Al, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Aryannejad, Armin, Asaad, Malke, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Asemi, Zatollah, Asghari-jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Assadi, Reza, Athar, Mohammad, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Attia, Sameh, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-burgos, Leticia, Awedew, Atalel Fentahun, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Awoke, Tewachew, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu, Ayen, Solomon Shitu, Azadi, Davood, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azami-aghdash, Saber, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye, Azangou-khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azizi, Hosein, Azzam, Ahmed Y Y, Babajani, Amirhesam, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagheri, Nader, Bagherieh, Sara, Bahadory, Saeed, Baig, Atif Amin, 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Ryenchindorj, Eshetu, Tegegne, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Espinosa-montero, Juan, Etaee, Farshid, Etemadimanesh, Azin, Eyayu, Tahir, Ezeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude, Ezzikouri, Sayeh, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahimi, Saman, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Fares, Jawad, Farmany, Abbas, Farooque, Umar, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fatima, Wafa, Fattahi, Hamed, Fekadu, Ginenus, Feleke, Berhanu Elfu, Ferrari, Allegra Allegra, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroumadi, Roham, Foroutan, Masoud, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gad, Mohamed M, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Galehdar, Nasrin, Gallus, Silvano, Garg, Tushar, Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana, Gebremariam, Yosef Haile, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu, Geda, Yohannes Fikadu, Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw, Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete, Getachew, Melaku, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Ghaffari, Kazem, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Seyyed-hadi, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghassemi, Fariba, Ghimire, Ajnish, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamalizadeh, Maryam, Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Jamshid, Ghozy, Sherief, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G, Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T, Glasbey, James C, Godos, Justyna, Goel, Amit, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grosso, Giuseppe, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gurara, Mekdes Kondale, Guta, Alemu, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haddadi Avval, Atlas, Hafezi-nejad, Nima, Hajj Ali, Adel, Haj-mirzaian, Arvin, Halboub, Esam S, Halimi, Aram, Halwani, Rabih, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hanif, Asif, Hariri, Sanam, Harlianto, Netanja I, Haro, Josep Maria, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, S M Mahmudul, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hashemi, Seyedeh Melika, Hassan, Abbas M, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidarymeybodi, Zahra, Herrera-serna, Brenda Yuliana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni, Holla, Ramesh, Holm, Marianne, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hoseini, Mohammad, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Hosseini, Mohammad-salar, Hosseinzadeh, Ali, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Huang, Junjie, Hugo, Fernando N, Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Salman, Hussein, Nawfal R, Hwang, Bing-fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Immurana, Mustapha, Innos, Kaire, Iranpour, Pooya, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, Md Shariful, Islam, Rakibul M, Islami, Farhad, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Isola, Gaetano, Iwagami, Masao, J, Linda Merin, Jaiswal, Abhishek, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalili, Mahsa, Jalilian, Shahram, Jamshidi, Elham, Jang, Sung-in, Jani, Chinmay T, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayarajah, Umesh Umesh, Jayaram, Shubha, Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad, Jebai, Rime, Jemal, Bedru, Jeong, Wonjeong, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jindal, Har Ashish, John-akinola, Yetunde O, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kacimi, Salah Eddine Oussama, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kahe, Farima, Kakodkar, Pradnya Vishal, Kalankesh, Laleh R, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamal, Vineet Kumar, Kamangar, Farin, Kamath, Ashwin, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kandaswamy, Eswar, Kandel, Himal, Kang, Hyejung, Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel, Kapoor, Neeti, Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar, Karanth, Shama D, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karch, André, Karimi, Amirali, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Katoto, Patrick Dmc, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kaur, Harkiran, Kebede, Abinet Gebremickael, Keikavoosi-arani, Leila, Kejela, Gemechu Gemechu, Kemp Bohan, Phillip M, Keramati, Maryam, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khan, Abbas, Khan, Abdul Aziz Khan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien Ab, Khanali, Javad, Khatab, Khaled, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin, Khezeli, Mehdi, Khodadost, Mahmoud, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Klugar, Miloslav, Klugarová, Jitka, Kolahi, Ali-asghar, Kolkhir, Pavel, Kompani, Farzad, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kumar, Akshay, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Narinder, Kurmi, Om P, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lahiri, Arista, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lám, Judit, Lan, Qing, Landires, Iván, Larijani, Bagher, Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Jerrald, Lauriola, Paolo, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Lee, Wei-chen, Lee, Yeong Yeh, Lee, Yo Han, Legesse, Samson Mideksa, Leigh, James, Leong, Elvynna, Li, Ming-chieh, Lim, Stephen S, Liu, Gang, Liu, Jue, Lo, Chun-han, Lohiya, Ayush, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lorenzovici, László, Lotfi, Mojgan, Loureiro, Joana A, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Mafi, Ahmad R, Magdeldin, Sameh, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh, Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Majeed, Azeem, Majidpoor, Jamal, Makki, Alaa, Makris, Konstantinos Christos, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Malekpour, Mohammad-reza, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Mallya, Sneha Deepak, Mamun, Mohammed A, Manda, Ana Laura, Mansour-ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Martini, Santi, Martorell, Miquel, Masoudi, Sahar, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Matei, Clara N, Mathews, Elezebeth, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Vasundhara, Mckee, Martin, Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Mehmood, Khalid, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehrotra, Ravi, Melese, Addisu, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Sisay Derso, Mensah, Laverne G, Mentis, Alexios-fotios A, Mera-mamián, Andry Yasmid Mera, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Merid, Mehari Woldemariam, Mersha, Amanual Getnet, Meselu, Belsity Temesgen, Meshkat, Mahboobeh, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mijena, Gelana Fekadu Worku, Miller, Ted R, Mir, Shabir Ahmad, Mirinezhad, Seyed Kazem, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirza-aghazadeh-attari, Mohammad, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza, Misganaw, Abay Sisay, Misra, Sanjeev, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadian-hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Arif, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Mohseni, Mohammad, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Molassiotis, Alex, Molokhia, Mariam, Momenzadeh, Kaveh, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mons, Ute, Montasir, Ahmed Al, Montazeri, Fateme, Montero, Arnulfo, Moosavi, Mohammad Amin, Moradi, Abdolvahab, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mosapour, Abbas, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mpundu-kaambwa, Christine, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mulita, Francesk, Munblit, Daniel, Munro, Sandra B, Murillo-zamora, Efrén, Musa, Jonah, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghipour, Mohammadreza, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Naqvi, Atta Abbas, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nassereldine, Hasan, Natto, Zuhair S, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye, Negash, Wogene Wogene, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nejati, Kazem, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nguyen, Huy Van Nguyen, Niazi, Robina Khan, Noor, Nurulamin M, Noori, Maryam, Noroozi, Nafise, Nouraei, Hasti, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuñez-samudio, Virginia, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Oh, In-hwan, Okati-aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Omer, Emad, Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel, Ong, Sokking, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Orru, Hans, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Oulhaj, Abderrahim, Oumer, Bilcha, Owopetu, Oluwatomi Funbi, Oyinloye, Babatunji Emmanuel, P A, Mahesh, Padron-monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakbin, Babak, Pakshir, Keyvan, Pakzad, Reza, Palicz, Tamás, Pana, Adrian, Pandey, Anamika, Pandey, Ashok, Pant, Suman, Pardhan, Shahina, Park, Eun-cheol, Park, Eun-kee, Park, Seoyeon, Patel, Jay, Pati, Siddhartha, Paudel, Rajan, Paudel, Uttam, Paun, Mihaela, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peng, Minjin, Pereira, Jeevan, Pereira, Renato B, Perna, Simone, Perumalsamy, Navaraj, Pestell, Richard G, Pezzani, Raffaele, Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pillay, Julian David, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Pischon, Tobias, Postma, Maarten J, Pourabhari Langroudi, Ashkan, Pourshams, Akram, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prashant, Akila, Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Raeisi, Mojtaba, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Raheem, Nasiru, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Md Obaidur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rajai, Nazanin, Rajesh, Aashish, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Juwel, Ranabhat, Kamal, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashedi, Sina, Rashidi, Amirfarzan, Rashidi, Mahsa, Rashidi, Mohammad-mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Rehman, Ashfaq Ur, Rehman, Inayat Ur, Reitsma, Marissa B, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Maryam, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei, Saeid, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezapour, Aziz, Riad, Abanoub, Rikhtegar, Reza, Rios-blancas, Maria, Roberts, Thomas J, Rohloff, Peter, Romero-rodríguez, Esperanza, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, S, Manjula, Saber-ayad, Maha Mohamed, Saberzadeh-ardestani, Bahar, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Safaei, Mohsen, Safary, Azam, Sahebazzamani, Maryam, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Salari, Hedayat, Salehi, Sana, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sankararaman, Senthilkumar, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-milicevic, Milena M, Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem, Sarveazad, Arash, Sarvi, Fatemeh, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sayegh, Nicolas, Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Šekerija, Mario, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Seylani, Allen, Seyoum, Kenbon, Sha, Feng, Shafaat, Omid, Shah, Pritik A, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahid, Izza, Shahrbaf, Mohammad Amin, Shahsavari, Hamid R, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaka, Mohammed Feyisso, Shaker, Elaheh, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharew, Mequannent Melaku Sharew, Sharifi, Azam, Sharifi-rad, Javad, Sharma, Purva, Shashamo, Bereket Beyene, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikh, Mahdi, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Sheikhy, Ali, Shepherd, Peter Robin, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, Jeevan K, Shetty, Ranjitha S, Shibuya, Kenji, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shirzad-aski, Hesamaddin, Shivakumar, K M, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shivarov, Velizar, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shokri Varniab, Zahra, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Silva Julian, Guilherme, Silvestris, Nicola, Simegn, Wudneh, Singh, Achintya Dinesh, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Garima, Singh, Harpreet, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Jitendra Kumar, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinke, Abiy H, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Sitas, Freddy, Siwal, Samarjeet Singh, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Socea, Bogdan, Soeberg, Matthew J, Sofi-mahmudi, Ahmad, Solomon, Yonatan, Soltani-zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sotoudeh, Houman, Sowe, Alieu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suk, Ryan, Suleman, Muhammad, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Saima, Sur, Daniel, Szócska, Miklós, Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha, Tabarés-seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadbiri, Hooman, Taheri, Ensiyeh, Taheri, Majid, Taheri Soodejani, Moslem, Takahashi, Ken, Talaat, Iman M, Tampa, Mircea, Tan, Ker-kan, Tat, Nathan Y, Tat, Vivian Y, Tavakoli, Ahmad, Tavakoli, Arash, Tehrani-banihashemi, Arash, Tekalegn, Yohannes, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Thapar, Rekha, Thavamani, Aravind, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Viveksandeep, Thomas, Nihal, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiyuri, Amir, Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse, Topor-madry, Roman, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saif, Ullah, Sana, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vacante, Marco, Vaezi, Maryam, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valdez, Pascual R, Vardavas, Constantine, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vaziri, Siavash, Velazquez, Diana Zuleika, Veroux, Massimiliano, Villeneuve, Paul J, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Vu, Linh Gia, Wadood, Abdul Wadood, Waheed, Yasir, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Cong, Wang, Fang, Wang, Ning, Wang, Yu, Ward, Paul, Waris, Abdul, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Woldemariam, Melat, Woldu, Berhanu, Xiao, Hong, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yadav, Lalit, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yang, Lin, Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Yismaw, Yazachew, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefian, Fatemeh, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zahir, Mazyar, Zaki, Nazar, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zare, Fariba, Zare, Iman, Zareshahrabadi, Zahra, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeineddine, Mohammad A, Zhang, Dongyu, Zhang, Jianrong, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-jiang, Zhou, Linghui, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoladl, Mohammad, Vos, Theo, Hay, Simon I, Force, Lisa M, Murray, Christopher J L, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), and DCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais

Subjects
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Abstract

Funding: J A Loureiro reports support for the present manuscript from Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT; CEECINST/00049/2018) as support to their salary and from UIDB/00511/2020 of the LEPABE, funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) as research support. BACKGROUND: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]). INTERPRETATION: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. publishersversion published

Published
2022

27. Mapping and size estimation of people who inject drugs: an innovative approach for targeted harm reduction program in Iran

Author

Khodadost, Mahmoud, primary, Ghalekhani, Nima, additional, Hajebi, Ahmad, additional, Gouya, Mohammad Mahdi, additional, Afsar Kazerooni, Parvin, additional, Ghoddousi, Seyyed Ebrahim, additional, Fathih, Hamid R., additional, Khojasteh Bojnordi, Toktam, additional, Sarvi, Fatemeh, additional, Vashani, Jamshid, additional, Zare Banad Kokie, Fatima, additional, Hashemvarzi, Mahmoud Reza, additional, Davasazirani, Reza, additional, Sharifi, Hamid, additional, and Motevalian, Seyed Abbas, additional

Published
2022
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35. Hot Spot Mapping and Size Estimation of Illicit Drug Users in Iran: A Pilot Study

Author

Khodadost, Mahmoud, primary, Ghalehkhani, Nima, additional, Hajebi, Ahmad, additional, Gouya, Mohammad Mahdi, additional, Kazerooni, Parvin Afsar, additional, Ghodusi, Ebrahim, additional, Fathi, Hamid R, additional, Bojnordi, Toktam Khojasteh, additional, Sarvi, Fatemeh, additional, Vashani, Jamshid, additional, Kokie, Fatima Zare Banad, additional, Hashemvarzi, Mahmoud Reza, additional, Davasazirani, Reza, additional, Sharifi, Hamid, additional, and Motevalian, Seyed Abbas, additional

Published
2021
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37. Efficacy of the Intrauterine Infusion of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Repeated Implantation Failure: A Randomized Control Trial

Author

Safdarian, Leili, primary, Aleyasin, Ashraf, additional, Aghahoseini, Marzieh, additional, Lak, Parvaneh, additional, Hoseini Mosa, Sedigheh, additional, Sarvi, Fatemeh, additional, Mahdavi, Atossa, additional, Najafian, Aida, additional, Falahi, Parvin, additional, and Khazaei, Salman, additional

Published
2020
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38. Prevalence of cigarette smoking among college students in Iran: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Author

Khodadost, Mahmoud, primary, Maajani, Khadije, additional, Noroozi, Alireza, additional, Motevalian, Seyed Abbas, additional, Naserbakht, Morteza, additional, Sarvi, Fatemeh, additional, Seddigh, Roohollah, additional, Jamshidi, Leila, additional, Yavari, Samira, additional, Khoramdad, Malihe, additional, Ghodusi, Ebrahim, additional, and Hajebi, Ahmad, additional

Published
2020
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47. Accuracy of oxygen saturation index in determining the severity of respiratory failure among preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Author

Khalesi, Nasrin, Choobdar, Farhad Abolhasan, Khorasani, Mousa, Sarvi, Fatemeh, Haghighi Aski, Behzad, and Khodadost, Mahmoud

Subjects
RESPIRATORY distress syndrome, PREMATURE infants, RESPIRATORY insufficiency, RECEIVER operating characteristic curves
Abstract

Background: To evaluate the severity of respiratory failure among newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), oxygenation index (OI) has been implemented. In the present study, we assessed the accuracy of oxygen saturation index (OSI) in determining the severity of respiratory failure.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the NICUs of two Iranian Hospitals (Tehran, Iran) in 2018. Preterm neonates with RDS entered the study. Immediately after admission, the severity of RDS was determined based on RDS scoring system. Then, 2 CC of arterial blood was withdrawn and sent to laboratory determining blood gases. Simultaneously, the level of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) was read using pulse oximeter and recorded. OI and OSI were measured using the formulae. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, Kappa agreement coefficient and accuracy, sensitivity and specificity was used to compare the OI and OSI results.Results: In the study, 95 neonates were considered. Based on ROC curves, the appropriate cut off with AUC = 0.99 for severe respiratory failure was OSI >8. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predicted value, and positive predicted value for the OSI Cut off >8 were 100, 98, 0.97 and 100%, respectively. The overall accuracy and Kappa agreement between OSI and OI was 0.96 and 0.98%, respectively.Conclusion: Our results showed that OSI with high sensitivity, specificity values could predict the severity of respiratory failure in preterm neonates with RDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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50. Development of miniaturized bioreactors for stem cell culture

Author

Sarvi, Fatemeh (Mariam)

Subjects
Uncategorized
Abstract

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells capable of indefinite self renewal in vitro while maintaining the ability to differentiate into cell types of all three germ layers. ESCs are outstanding options of in vitro cell models for regenerative medicine, functional genomics, human developmental biology and drug discovery study. Stem cell research is among the most promising fields of biotechnology, and which provides the potential of developing novel approaches to repair or replace damaged tissues and cells. The present day, exponentially growing effort of stem cell research emphasizes a major need for convergence of more efficient and appropriate laboratory technologies to sustain the growth, proliferation and differentiation potential of stem cells. Although so far, a variety of conventional bioreactors with different configurations (such as spinner flasks, rotary, perfusion bioreactor, etc.) have been designed and adapted for stem cell expansion and differentiation, bioreactors can be disadvantageous in bench-top research because they need large space, consume huge amount of reagents and need more time to operate and maintain (sterilizing, cleaning, assembling, and disassembling of the bioreactor components). The requirements for costly equipment and generating shear stress due to the fluid flow, and the lack of physical similarity between microenvironments of bioreactor and actual cell microenvironment, make using bioreactors undesirable. In tissue engineering, micro-scale technology is an approach that combines micro-techniques with materials science and surface engineering, and results in a profound exploration of the microenvironment where cells are embedded. These technologies are able to address some of the limitations imposed by conventional tissue engineering methods. Indeed, developing successful novel small-scale technologies for in vitro cultivation of different types of cells can assist in increasing our knowledge on conditions that control stem cell growth and differentiation and organ development. In fact, small scale bioreactors are miniaturized versions of conventional bioreactors, where high- throughput cell based assays can be carried out at low cost compared with their macro-scale counter- parts. The first aim of this thesis was to develop a disposable miniaturized bioreactor through a novel and inexpensive method for effective stem cell proliferation. To this end, an effective surface functionalization method was developed for enhancing the biocompatibility of a PDMS surface that is protein resistant while facilitating cell proliferation (expansion) and maintaining the pluripotency potential of cells. The micro-bioreactor was fabricated in the form of a fixed bed bioreactor with a microchannel reactor bed. The microchannel was functionalized to enable cell adhesion and resistance to protein adsorption. The functionalized surface was found to be biocompatible with cancer and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and while facilitating cell proliferation. Differentiation of ESCs into a variety of cell types is an important characteristic of these types of cells, which is commonly achieved in vitro by spontaneously self-assembling in low adhesion culture conditions into 3D cell aggregates called embryoid bodies (EBs). Formation of EBs that simulates many of the characteristics of early embryonic development is considered as a vital step to induce differentiation of stem cells. Formation of three dimensional configurations of ESCs as EBs provides possibilities to mechanistically study early differentiation events of pluripotent cells. In fact, EB formation is of paramount importance for in vitro investigation of the embryonic development and differentiation of both the mouse and human ES cells. The second aim of this thesis was to introduce a novel concept of a miniaturized bioreactor made of liquid marble (LM). A novel application of liquid marbles for formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) was then presented. This study showed that the confined internal space of liquid marble, along with the porous and non-adhesive property of the highly hydrophobic liquid marble shell, can facilitate the formation of uniform EBs inside the liquid marbles. The efficiency of liquid marble-born-EBs compared to the liquid suspension (LS) technique as the chosen control method in terms of cell viability and EB uniformity revealed that cells in liquid marble are more viable than those in suspension. Measuring EB size distribution as an indicator of uniformity also confirmed that EBs obtained by the LM are morphologically more uniform and of a narrower size distribution compared to those formed in LS. The feasibility of using liquid marble bioreactors for cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse ES (mES) cells after formation of EBs inside the liquid marble was further investigated. The results demonstrated that ES cells can differentiate into myocyte cells through the liquid marble as a facile, cost effective, and straightforward method. We proposed for the first time that liquid marbles greatly contribute to ES cardiac differentiation, which provides a new technology platform for ES biology and genetic studies. It is worth mentioning that although the majority of our knowledge in modern biology has been provided by classical two dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques, the most common negative aspects of these systems is deficiency of support from extra-cellular matrix, which represents an important role for cell growth and development. It is now well accepted that cells reside, proliferate, and differentiate in complex 3D microenvironments. The concept of using three dimensional (3D) biodegradable scaffolds as alternatives for extracellular matrix (ECM), which more closely reform cells’ native structure, is an interesting area of study in current tissue engineering. Because of their unique function, stem cells need to reside in the specialized, 3D microenvironment that surrounds them in native tissues. The third section of this thesis (chapter 5) focuses on the investigating of the feasibility of forming embryoid bodies using a novel hydrogel as bioreactor embedding material. This hydrogel is porous and biodegradable and is prepared by modifying hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), with bio-functional methacrylates (MA). Observation of EB formation inside hydrogel implied that the stem cells attached and penetrated to the pores, and proliferated well, while forming uniform EBs. Uniformity of EBs formed inside hydrogel, compared with those formed via liquid suspension (LS) method, as one of the most widely used EB formation techniques. It was observed that porous hydrogel allows the formation of more homogeneous EBs. It was found that cells inside hydrogel-born EBs are more viable compared to those formed in LS method. Expression of germ markers via quantitative PCR and immunostaining confirmed that the hydrogel-born EBs had expressed 3 germ layers with further in vitro differentiation potential. These EBs were allowed to differentiate further in hydrogel, where positive immunostaining of different cardiac markers and observation of beating EBs showed the potential of EBs to further differentiate into cardiac cells lineage. In summary, this thesis first presents a novel, facile and cost effective method via surface bio- functionalization of PDMS bioreactor for better stem cell adhesion and proliferation, and later introduces two novel methods to prepare bioreactor material, namely liquid marble and porous hydrogel (HPC-MA) for formation of embryoid bodies, which is considered as a critical step for in vitro differentiation in ESCs.

Published
2017
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