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2,521 results on '"Shen, Chuan"'

10. Sustained North Atlantic warming drove anomalously intense MIS 11c interglacial

Author

Hu, Hsun-Ming, Marino, Gianluca, Pérez-Mejías, Carlos, Spötl, Christoph, Yokoyama, Yusuke, Yu, Jimin, Rohling, Eelco, Kano, Akihiro, Ludwig, Patrick, Pinto, Joaquim G., Michel, Véronique, Valensi, Patricia, Zhang, Xin, Jiang, Xiuyang, Mii, Horng-Sheng, Chien, Wei-Yi, Tsai, Hsien-Chen, Sung, Wen-Hui, Hsu, Chia-Hao, Starnini, Elisabetta, Zunino, Marta, and Shen, Chuan-Chou

Published
2024
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13. Tracking westerly wind directions over Europe since the middle Holocene.

Author

Hu, Hsun-Ming, Trouet, Valerie, Spötl, Christoph, Tsai, Hsien-Chen, Chien, Wei-Yi, Sung, Wen-Hui, Michel, Véronique, Yu, Jin-Yi, Valensi, Patricia, Jiang, Xiuyang, Duan, Fucai, Wang, Yongjin, Mii, Horng-Sheng, Chou, Yu-Min, Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad, Wu, Chung-Che, Starnini, Elisabetta, Zunino, Marta, Watanabe, Takaaki K, Watanabe, Tsuyoshi, Hsu, Huang-Hsiung, Moore, GWK, Zanchetta, Giovanni, Pérez-Mejías, Carlos, Lee, Shih-Yu, and Shen, Chuan-Chou

Subjects
Wind, Climate, Europe, Italy, Atlantic Ocean
Abstract

The variability of the northern westerlies has been considered as one of the key elements for modern and past climate evolution. Their multiscale behavior and underlying control mechanisms, however, are incompletely understood, owing to the complex dynamics of Atlantic sea-level pressures. Here, we present a multi-annually resolved record of the westerly drift over the past 6,500 years from northern Italy. In combination with more than 20 other westerly-sensitive records, our results depict the non-stationary westerly-affected regions over mainland Europe on multi-decadal to multi-centennial time scales, showing that the direction of the westerlies has changed with respect to the migrations of the North Atlantic centers of action since the middle Holocene. Our findings suggest the crucial role of the migrations of the North Atlantic dipole in modulating the westerly-affected domain over Europe, possibly modulated by Atlantic Ocean variability.

Published
2022

27. Split westerlies over Europe in the early Little Ice Age

Author

Hu, Hsun-Ming, Shen, Chuan-Chou, Chiang, John CH, Trouet, Valerie, Michel, Véronique, Tsai, Hsien-Chen, Valensi, Patricia, Spötl, Christoph, Starnini, Elisabetta, Zunino, Marta, Chien, Wei-Yi, Sung, Wen-Hui, Chien, Yu-Tang, Chang, Ping, and Korty, Robert

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Climate Change Science, Geology, Climate Action, Arctic Regions, Climate, Climate Change, Europe, Ice Cover
Abstract

The Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1450-1850 C.E.) is the best documented cold period of the past millennium, characterized by high-frequency volcanism, low solar activity, and high variability of Arctic sea-ice cover. Past studies of LIA Atlantic circulation changes have referenced the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), but recent studies have noted that LIA climate patterns appear to possess complexity not captured by an NAO analogue. Here, we present a new precipitation-sensitive stalagmite record from northern Italy that covers the past 800 years. We show that in the early LIA (1470-1610 C.E.), increased atmospheric ridging over northern Europe split the climatological westerlies away from central and northern Europe, possibly caused by concurrent Artic sea-ice reduction. With ongoing ice melting in the northern high latitudes and decreasing solar irradiance in the coming years, the early LIA may potentially serve as an analogue for European hydroclimatic conditions in the coming decades.

Published
2022

45. Farnesoid X Receptor Activation Protects Liver From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Up‐Regulating Small Heterodimer Partner in Kupffer Cells

Author

Jin, Dan, Lu, Tianfei, Ni, Ming, Wang, Han, Zhang, Jiang, Zhong, Chenpeng, Shen, Chuan, Hao, Jun, Busuttil, Ronald W, Kupiec‐Weglinski, Jerzy W, Zhang, Jianjun, Xu, Ning, and Zhai, Yuan

Subjects
Digestive Diseases, Liver Disease
Abstract

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is the nuclear receptor of bile acids and is involved in innate immune regulation. FXR agonists have been shown to protect multiple organs from inflammatory tissue injuries. Because liver expresses high levels of FXR, we explored the potential therapeutic benefits and underlying mechanisms of pharmacologic FXR activation in a murine model of partial liver warm ischemia. Pretreatment of mice with FXR agonist 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-(3'-carboxy-2-chlorostilben-4-yl)oxymethyl-5-isopropylisoxazole (GW4064) attenuated liver ischemia/reperfusion injuries (IRIs) in wild-type but not FXR knockout mice. Posttreatment with GW4064 facilitated liver recovery from IRI. Mechanistically, Kupffer cells (KCs) expressed much higher levels of FXR than bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Pretreatment of KCs but not BMMs with GW4064 resulted in lower tumor necrosis factor α but higher interleukin-10 expressions following toll-like receptor stimulation. FXR-targeted gene small heterodimer partner (SHP) was critical for the regulation of KC response by GW4064. In vivo, the depletion of KCs but not cluster of differentiation (CD) 11b+ cells or knockdown of SHP diminished the immune regulatory effect of GW4064 in liver IRI. Thus, FXR activation protects liver from IRI by up-regulating SHP in KCs to inhibit the liver proinflammatory response.

Published
2020

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