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Background: Automated perimetry in neurologically disabled patients is a challenge. We have devised a patient-friendly virtual reality perimeter, the C3 field analyzer (CFA). We aim to assess the utility of this as a visual field-testing device in neuro-ophthalmic patients for screening and monitoring. Methods: Neuro-ophthalmic patients and controls were selected to participate in the study between September and December 2018. They randomly underwent either the CFA or automated field analyzer (HFA) first followed by the other in an undilated state. The CFA results were compared with the HFA, and the correlation of the pattern of the field defect was assessed by an independent masked physician. Results: In total, 59 eyes of 33 neuro-ophthalmic patients (cases) and another 95 normal individuals (controls) were enrolled. CFA was found to have greater proportion of reliable fields (81.4%) than HFA (59.3%) (P = 0.009). There were less false negatives (P < 0.001) and more false positives in CFA (P < 0.001) among neuro-ophthalmic patients compared with controls. Among neuro-ophthalmology patients, the number of fixation losses was greater with CFA (P < 0.001), whereas false negatives were greater in HFA (P < 0.001). On assessing the pattern of the field defects, we found that there was almost 70% correlation of CFA with HFA. Moreover, in classical neurological fields such as hemianopia, the correlation was 87.5%. Conclusions: The CFA seems to correlate well with HFA in classic neurological fields such as hemianopias and may serve as an alternative in patients unable to perform a standard automated perimetry. Further developments are currently underway to incorporate threshold testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to analyze the demographics, visual acuity (VA), etiologies, recommended low vision assistive products (LVAP), and the acceptance rates of LVAP in various age groups. METHODS: This was a long-term retrospective review of all the patients presenting to the low vision clinic of our tertiary eye care hospital from January 2011 to December 2016. Data obtained included age, gender, VA, visual fields, ocular pathology causing the low vision, and types of LVAP advised. The primary outcome was to analyze the type of LVAP prescribed in different age groups, and the secondary outcome was the acceptance rate of LVAP. RESULTS: We analyzed the results of 8309 patients, out of which 2844 (34%. 2) were <15 years of age, 2425 (29.5%) were between 16-40 years, and 3013 (36.3%) were above 40 years. A total of 5522 (66.4%) had best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranging from 6/18-3/60, and 2796 (33.6%) had BCVA from 3/60-No PL. Approximately 38% improved with LVAPs. The most common etiology was retinitis pigmentosa in 1545 (18.6%) patients, followed by congenital nystagmus in 1482 (17.8%), and the least was albinism 383 (4.6%). Maximum prescribed and accepted LVAP were hand and stand magnifiers among 1017 (44.3%) and 512 (52.6%) patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Products that are easy to use, require lesser adaptability, are cheap, and require lower maintenance have maximum acceptance rates. We suggest that great emphasis should be laid on training, education, and guidance for low vision rehabilitation centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a rare case of dilated episcleral veins with unilateral secondary open-angle glaucoma. Our case highlights the possible differentials to be considered and the systematic investigations to be done while ruling out the etiologies. Radius-Maumenee syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion. Raised IOP can remain refractory to the medical therapy and conventional trabeculectomy carries higher risk of complications. Here, we discuss the choice of surgical treatment and its implications on management of this secondary open-angle glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 20-year-old male who suffered penetrating ocular trauma from a gunshot injury, presented with severe pain, loss of vision and swelling in his left eye. It mentions Ultrasound B-scan revealed vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment and optic nerve avulsion and also mentions sympathetic ophthalmitis (SO), as a rare bilateral, diffuse, granulomatous hypersensitivity inflammation.

The article presents a case study of a 45-year old male patient with left eye redness, progressive headache, double vision, and tinnitus. It notes he gave a history of head injury one month previously when he fell from his two wheel scooter and hit his head against a pavement. The article discusses carotico-cavernous fistula caused by head injury.