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The rise of new technologies, including artificial intelligence, is changing universities' conduct of library operations and, therefore, their workflows and service to the user. Taking away from human beings formal routine dodges through artificial intelligence releases a librarian's time for more thoughtful and valuable assignments. It helps in automating the entire cataloging and classification of machine learning algorithms to reduce any form of human error related to it. This also leads to an accurate categorization to arrange stuff properly. Chatbots and virtual assistants that are AI-powered, working around the clock, help users ask questions, use library resources, and navigate research. Predictive analytics, through demand forecasting, allows the libraries to minimize the risk factor and anticipate the users' needs to effect comprehensive collection development. AI also assists in the process of data analytics and helps manage resources for better insights and concrete data-driven decision-making in the process of resource allocation and when more resources need to be procured. Technologies such as image and text recognition have made it possible to digitize and index vast amounts of archival sources, hence departing resources hidden up to universal researchers. With its intelligent recommendations and a similarly formatted interface, the entire user's experience gets personalized for a given patron; offering suggested electronic versions of materials relative to what faculty and students have used in the past. More importantly, AI-embedded systems come in handy in making the security system in a library more reliable, from detecting to shielding against plausible threats on sensitive user data or confidential intellectual properties. At the same time, AI in university libraries not only enhances library operational efficiency but also helps procure the academic environment that is made preferable and accessible. The larger the role that technology plays in the operation of libraries, the potential for innovations toward improved service shall become higher. Consequently, university libraries that incorporate AI have a crucial advantage in offering potentialities whereby they can adjust and diversify the needs of their academic fraternities into an environment of learning and research evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study in the 5’ upstream region of TLR4 gene revealed four Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Vrindavani and Tharparkar cattle. The polymorphic information content (PIC), heterozygosity and allelic diversity values were low to moderate for these SNPs. In Vrindavani cattle, one SNP was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and the remaining three were found to be in linkage disequilibrium (LD) as indicated statistically (P > 0.05). In Tharparkar cattle, two SNPs were found to be in HWE and were not in LD as indicated statistically (P > 0.05). These SNPs were used for construction of haplotypes. In-silico analysis of these SNPs predicted abolition of eight transcription factor binding sites and creation of eight new sites. The quantitative real time PCR analysis did not show any significant variation of gene expression among haplotypes. However, gene expression between breed was found to be significant (P < 0.05) which suggested that upstream region of bovine TLR4 gene has a crucial role in its expression. These findings in TLR4 gene offer essential evidence that can be useful in future research exploring its role in immunity. TLR4 can be used as a marker for selection for disease resistance in bovines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, polymorphisms at two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)  and one microsatellite locus of SLC11A1 gene were investigated for finding their association with susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis trait (tuberculin reaction) in Indian cattle. A total of 245 animals were tested with single intradermal tuberculin test for screening positive animals for tuberculin reaction. At rs109915208 locus very low polymorphism information content of 0.0454 was observed, whereas it was moderate (0.352) at rs109453173 locus of SLC11A1. At rs109915208 locus the genotypic as well as allelic frequencies were differing significantly (p-value < .05) in case–control animals where the odds ratio (OR) of ‘CC’verses‘CT’ genotype and the OR of ‘C’verses ‘T’ allele were approaching towards infinity, suggesting that animals having ‘CT’ genotype and ‘T’ allele were less susceptible for tuberculin reaction as compared to their contemporary genotype/allele. The significantly associated SNP was non-synonymous causing an amino acid change. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]