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This paper researches the impact of different innovation investment modes on the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) profit and pricing decisions under an uncertain recycling quality background. Furthermore, we construct a battery swapping CLSC under three innovation investment modes. The research results show that: (1) Under the cooperative innovation investment mode, the decision variables and CLSC system profit all reach the optimal level. (2) Increasing the subscription duration can promote the reduction of subscription price, which is beneficial to the improvement of innovation investment level. (3) When the innovation cooperation coefficient is within a certain range, it will promote the increase of profits for the CLSC. (4) The balanced battery ratio is an important factor affecting enterprise decision-making, and it has a more significant impact on the battery swapping operator. (5) The power battery manufacturer can dynamically adjust the echelon utilization quality threshold according to the echelon utilization value to achieve optimal profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) consisting of a manufacturer, a retailer, and two competing third-party recyclers with altruistic preference is focused by us. We separately consider three altruistic preference models of differential game and Bellman theory that contrast and analyse dynamic decision-making such as the wholesale price of electric vehicle batteries (batteries) and the design innovation investment on the quality level decisions of the manufacturer, the unit selling price decision of the retailer, the recycling rate decisions of two third-party recyclers and the quality level of batteries. The numerical simulation further explores the rule of the time evolution of CLSC performance under four models. From our research, we conclude that: the altruistic preference has an optimistic impact in normal circumstances; if both the manufacturer and the retailer have altruistic preferences, the benefit of the value function of CLSC revealed only when the competition is at a lower level; the competition between two third-party recyclers is disadvantageous to the value function of CLSC, consumers and recycling activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-opetition plays an important role in decision-making of the supply chain. This paper investigates an electric vehicle battery (EV battery) supply chain containing one manufacturer and two competing retailers. We construct three retailer co-opetition models and characterize equilibrium results using differential game theory and Bellman's optimality principle. By comparing and analyzing the wholesale price, retail prices, technology investment and quality level of batteries, we explore the influence of retailer co-opetition on supply chain dynamic decisions. The results show that: (1) the enhancement of the technology investment will lead to the improvement of each decision; (2) the cooperation between one retailer and the manufacturer benefits the supply chain extremely; (3) the cooperation between two retailers is detrimental to the consumer utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new decentralized infrastructure and distributed computing paradigm, blockchain is of great significance to break through the “mutual trust problem” between statistical specialty and basic data providing departments, and between the upper and lower levels of statistical data reporting units, and further improve the quality of statistical work. This paper first briefly analyzes the problems existing in the current investment statistics business, and introduces the basic principles and characteristics of blockchain technology. This paper studies the idea and process optimization of the application of blockchain technology in investment statistics business, and expounds the specific application schemes of blockchain technology in different links, such as automatic data collection, automatic data verification, automatic report generation, and automatic index release. Finally, the expected effect of the application of blockchain technology in investment statistics business is analyzed.

The booming demand for energy storage has driven the rapid development of energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, and the research on high-performance electrode materials, a key component of supercapacitors, has gained tremendous attention. In this research, phenolic resin-based multi-porous carbon nanofibers have been prepared by electrospinning, curing, carbonization and activation and then employed as advanced electrode materials in supercapacitors. We demonstrate that the material is nano-scale continuous fiber, and its surface has pore distribution of different sizes. It delivers a high specific capacitance of 242 F g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and maintains 148 F g−1 even at a high current density of 20 A g−1. Moreover, it shows almost no capacitance decay at a current density of 2 A g−1 over 1000 cycles, demonstrating its great potential as high-performance electrodes in supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]