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The influence of interpersonal communications inside and outside a University on effectiveness of education is investigated. It is shown, that low effectiveness of direct (traditional) education may be compensated by increasing of communicational activeness of students and stimulation of interpersonal communications. Hysteresis dependence of quality of education on communication activeness of students takes place at low effectiveness of direct education. The fact allows explaining of modern situation in post-soviet countries, particularly, in Kazakhstan, when sufficient efforts of the government gives no evident results in respect to increasing of education quality.

It was found that the distribution of users of social networks by the number of contacts, as well as the statistics of telephone conversations by duration, obtained for different cities on the basis of experimental data, obey the same laws, expressed through a differential equation of the first order. This differential equation contains two phenomenological parameters, one of which is interpreted as the fractal dimension of the communication space, and the second is directly expressed through the Dunbar number or its analogue. Essentially, for all cities under investigation the numerical value of the parameter, interpreted as the fractal dimension of the communication space, remains constant with high accuracy. At the same time, the analogue of the Dunbar number, which describes the distribution of users of social online networks by the number of contacts, correlates with the population of the city. The results obtained are discussed from the point of view of the formation of a global communication network - the noosphere, which, due to the development of telecommunication technologies, is already de facto man-machine system. It is shown that the results obtained confirm the conclusion about the existence of objective laws describing the behavior of human-machine systems, made earlier on the basis of general philosophical considerations.

An alternating representation of integers in binary form is proposed, in which the numbers -1 and +1 are used instead of zeros and ones. It is shown that such a representation creates considerable convenience for multiplication numbers modulo p = 2n+1. For such numbers, it is possible to implement a multiplication algorithm modulo p, similar to the multiplication algorithm modulo the Mersenne number. It is shown that for such numbers a simple algorithm for digital logarithm calculations may be proposed. This algorithm allows, among other things, to reduce the multiplication operation modulo a prime number p = 2n+1 to an addition operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new approach to ensuring information security is proposed for using in the zone of direct radio visibility. The approach is based on a direct analogy between radio and optical radiation. In the latter case, information protection can be ensured by identifying the point or direction from which the signal comes; all other light sources are cut off by the observer. It is shown that a similar method of information protection can also be implemented in the radio range, which corresponds to modern trends in the development of radio holography. The simplest scheme for detecting the direction to a transmitter, identified as "friend" is presented. Its operability is demonstrated by means of simulation modeling. Ways for the further development of this approach are determined, based on the fact that modern technologies make it possible to implement distributed reception of a radio signal (to use a relatively large number of receivers), which makes it possible to implement direct analogues of such optical elements as a lens, holograms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model is proposed, which allows to estimate the number of successful university graduates based on parameters characterizing the effectiveness of vertical (lectures, seminars) and horizontal (peer education) training. It is shown that with low effectiveness of vertical learning, an effective means of improving the quality of education in general is the targeted formation of horizontal groups within which information is exchanged. It is shown that with extremely low quality of vertical learning, the behavior of the “university” system is characterized by phase transitions: with a smooth increase in the parameter characterizing the intensity of horizontal learning, there is an abrupt increase in the number of successful graduates. It has been established that with the existence of pronounced links between individual lecture courses, the “university” system becomes an analogue of a neural network.

Considering the question of efficiency of alternative energy systems, producing electricity from the position of interests of households it acquires an unexpected sound. The efficiency can be low (about 7-10%) providing that the heat released in converting is targeted i.e also used on the needs of households. In such an approach low efficiency becomes acceptable since the most part of energy usage in households is spent on systems using the heat (hot water supply etc.) even in the summer period. It is shown that converting of energy providing targeted heat dissipation can be provided by the phenomenon of generation of electromotive force by flowing of the low-speed, low-molecular salt current trough the polymeric sewed net; relevant experimental results are presented. Basing on the analysis of low-molecular ions currents balance by flowing of solution through the gel, the theory of the phenomenon is proposed. It is shown that the described phenomenon and based on its energy converting systems can be considered as an example illustrating the perspectivity of the new paradigm of green energetics development. Given paradigm is based on principles of technical and humanitarian knowledge convergence and is completely consistent with the conclusion that the environment-friendly technologies development is a technical and social issue at one time.

It is shown that voting procedure in any authority can be treated as Hopfield neural network analogue. It was revealed that weight coefficients of neural network which has discrete outputs −1 and 1 can be replaced by coefficients of a discrete set (−1, 0, 1). This gives us the opportunity to qualitatively analyze the voting procedure on the basis of limited data about mutual influence of members. It also proves that result of voting procedure is actually taken by network formed by voting members.

There were implemented samples of asymmetric Hopfield neural networks which have finite time of transition from one state to another. It was shown that in such systems, various oscillation modes could occur. It was revealed that the oscillation of the output signal of certain neuron could be treated as extra logical variable, which describes the state of the neuron. Asymmetric Hopfield neural networks are described in terms of ternary logic. Such logic may be employed in image recognition procedure.

Based on the empirical analysis of contacts in the social network VKontakte, quantitative patterns are established that describe the distribution of users of social networks by the number of contacts (the number of friends). The parameter entering into the differential equation, whose solution is the proposed distribution, makes sense, similar to the Dunbar number and approximately coincides with it in magnitude. The fact that parameters characterizing a given distribution, depending on the size of the communication space in different cities, has been shown. However, the basic parameter that characterizes the fractal dimension of the communication space remains constant for all cities studied.

The fact that the theory of neural networks permits the completeness of the concept of global evolutionism has been shown. This concept in the current philosophical literature is seen, inter alia, as an effective platform for interdisciplinary cooperation, the need for which is becoming more acute, which is reflected in the anniversary report of the Club of Rome in the form of the thesis on the “New Enlightenment”. The theory of neural networks allows us to give a consistent interpretation of the category of “complex”, in accordance with which a system of arbitrary nature is treated as “complex” if it is possible to indicate a complementary analog of a neural network. With this interpretation, the evolution of systems of an arbitrary nature can indeed be described in a uniform way. In particular, the philosophical law of transition from quantity to quality can be reduced to a description in terms of information theory (through the description of the evolution of a neural network complementary to a complex system). The main result of the work is a new interpretation of the dialectical philosophy categorical apparatus on the basis of the theory of neural networks.

Generalized Rademacher functions, constructed as a sequence of elements of Galois fields are intended to find the spectral representation of signals with levels. These functions form a complete basis on the interval corresponding to -1 discrete time intervals and for passing into the classical Rademacher functions. The advantage of such spectra obtained using Galois Fields Fourier Transform is that the range of variation of the spectrum amplitudes remains the same as the range of variation of the original signal, which is modeled on discrete time functions taking values in the Galois field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]